Invisibles shot down, like ordinary planes, only the Americans hid it. How did the Yugoslavs shoot down a stealth plane with a Soviet missile? (4 photos) Decommissioning

On March 27, 1999, on the fourth day of NATO's Merciful Angel operation in Yugoslavia, Serbian air defense made a "gift" to the Pentagon: they shot down the most secret aircraft of the Lockheed Corporation from the Soviet Neva air defense system. F117 A "Stealth", worth $ 50 million, which was called the most invulnerable aircraft in the world, hit the gunners of the Yugoslav People's Army and was destroyed with one hit. The Americans were shocked, US President Bill Clinton tried to hide this story from his fellow citizens.

The press convinced the Americans that the "stealth plane" crashed due to a "technical error." The Serbs, they say, do not have such missiles that can shoot down the most modern American vehicles. Still, in 1999 there was a huge line around the world for the F117 A. The package of orders for it was scheduled ahead for 10 years. It was the most expensive project of the US military-industrial complex, calculated until 2018, and Lockheed planned to earn several hundred billion dollars.

But after March 27, 1999, all business plans collapsed. Customers began to refuse cooperation with Lockheed. Surprisingly, the Americans, with their vaunted electronics, "missed" the Soviet missile and put the Stealth under attack. The Serbian military worked clearly, they understood that they were being watched by spy satellites from the Pentagon. After a careful study of the F117 A flight schedule over Serbia, the JNA air defense headquarters came to a surprising conclusion: they never fly at high speeds, they get very close to the target, and most importantly, they return to the air base after the bombing by the same route. American pilots worked according to clear instructions and never violated their traditions. This "self-confidence" failed on March 24, 1999, pilot Del Zelko, whose parents were from Yugoslavia.
Sergeant Dragan Matic, who was the first to press the start button, shared a “military secret” in an interview with the Serbian media: “It is a fantasy of American engineers and pilots that Stealth is invisible. For radars operating at low frequencies, it is quite noticeable. We detected it at another 50 kilometers and waited for it to pass by our calculation. Yes, its radiation signal is weaker than that of conventional aircraft, but it still appears on the radar screens. Maybe the pilot made a mistake, maybe he got lost, but he was flying at an altitude of only 5 kilometers and hit our sights. We shot down a terrible, fantastic car - the most secret aircraft of the US Air Force. The pilot ejected, hiding in the woods. Five hours later, a group of American special forces arrived in several helicopters and took him away. The very next day he was at the Aviano base near Venice. We managed to shoot down a "fantastic" plane. We immediately left the position along with the equipment. The faster you relocate, the more likely you are to stay alive.”

Lieutenant Colonel George Anicic, who commanded the air defense group, wrote the book "Change" after the war. In it, he described in detail the nightmarish days of Operation Merciful Angel. Here is just a small fragment from the documentary report of Lieutenant Colonel Anicic: “More than 650 aircraft participated in the first raid on Yugoslavia. To begin with, missile strikes were carried out on command posts and air defense installations of the Yugoslav army. They were going to inflict the most significant damage to our army literally in the first hours. But they didn't get anything out of it. The NATO command realized that it would be very difficult to disable the air defense. Therefore, a special air brigade was created, which consisted of 150 of the most modern aircraft designed to destroy the Belgrade air defense system. At that time, we had several dozen SAM-3 systems - this is third-generation rocket technology. And NATO aviation at that time already belonged to the 6th generation of weapons. Here is such a "colossus" was thrown against the people of Serbia. Almost all of Europe and the United States, and this is almost 600 million people, went to war against a small country with a population of only 10 million people. It was a demonstration of NATO's strength, from a defensive alliance it immediately turned into an aggressive one. It was an overture before Kosovo was taken from us. Every day the number of planes participating in the war against us increased. But NATO failed to destroy our air defense system. We tried to defend well. We often changed our positions, constantly deceived the enemy and forced him to wage war not only at night, but also during the day. At the end of the aggression, more than 1,000 aircraft were already taking off from NATO air bases daily. This way of conducting defense allowed the country's leadership to gain time. NATO failed to break Serbia and bring it to its knees.”

Now the “downed Stealth” is on display at the Aviation Museum near Belgrade. Here you can look at the "American miracle of technology" worth $50 million. By the way, the team of Lieutenant Colonel George Anicic destroyed not only the F117 A in 1999. On May 30, she managed to damage the F16. For the pilot and his car, the Pentagon then sent a special group in four helicopters and ten planes. After the end of the bombing of Yugoslavia, the military said that a lot of American planes were shot down. They tried not to talk about it in NATO. After all, where the vehicles destroyed by the JNA air defense were falling, in a few minutes American special forces appeared. They worked painstakingly and carefully - they assembled everything down to the last screw. The wreckage and parts of the aircraft were taken with them to the US Air Force bases in Italy and Germany. They covered up, as they say, traces so that no one could prove that the Serbs shot down the most expensive planes in the world from old air defense systems made back in Soviet times.

Konstantin Kachalin - expert on the Balkans (Moscow)

The Su-27 is a highly maneuverable air superiority aircraft. About 600 machines of all modifications were built.
F-16 "Fighting Falcon" is a light multifunctional fighter. 4500 cars built.

The F-117A "Nighthawk" is a subsonic tactical strike aircraft made using stealth technology. 59 combat vehicles and 5 YF-117 prototypes built.
Question: how did an aircraft built in such an insignificant amount become one of the most striking symbols of aviation at the end of the 20th century? "Stealth" sounds like a sentence. 59 tactical bombers turned into a terrible scarecrow, the most terrible threat, eclipsing all other military means of NATO countries.
What is it? The result of the unusual appearance of the aircraft, coupled with aggressive PR? Or, indeed, the revolutionary technical solutions used in the Lockheed F-117 made it possible to create an aircraft with unique combat qualities?

Stealth Technology

This is the name of a set of methods for reducing the visibility of combat vehicles in the radar, infrared and other areas of the detection spectrum by means of specially designed geometric shapes, radar-absorbing materials and coatings, which significantly reduces the detection range and thereby increases the survivability of the combat vehicle.

Everything new is well-forgotten old. Even 70 years ago, the Germans were very upset by the British high-speed bomber DeHavilland Mosquito. High speed was only half the problem. During interception attempts, it suddenly turned out that the all-wood Mosquito was practically invisible on radar - the tree was transparent to radio waves.

A similar property was even more possessed by the German "wunderwaffe" Go.229, a jet fighter-bomber created under the 1000/1000/1000 program. An all-wood miracle without vertical keels, similar to a stingray fish, logically, was generally invisible to the British radars of those years. The appearance of the Go.229 is very reminiscent of the modern American "stealth" bomber B-2 "Spirit", which gives some reason to believe that the American designers kindly took advantage of the ideas of their colleagues from the Third Reich.

On the other hand, the Horten brothers, when creating their Go.229, hardly attached any sacred meaning to the design, they only seemed to have a promising “flying wing” scheme. Under the terms of the military order, Go.229 was supposed to deliver one ton of bombs to a range of 1000 km at a speed of 1000 km/h. And stealth was the tenth thing.

In addition, attention was paid to reducing radar visibility when creating the Avro Vulkan strategic bomber (UK, 1952) and the SR-71 Black Bird supersonic strategic reconnaissance aircraft (USA, 1964).

The first studies in this area showed that flat shapes with tapering sides have a lower RCS ("effective scattering area" - a key parameter of aircraft visibility). In order to reduce radar visibility, the vertical tail was tilted relative to the plane of the aircraft so as not to create a right angle with the fuselage, which is an ideal reflector. For the Blackbird, multilayer ferromagnetic coatings were specially developed to absorb radar radiation.

In a word, by the time work began on the secret project "Senior Trend" - the creation of an inconspicuous attack aircraft - the engineers already had good developments in the field of reducing the EPR of aircraft.

"Night Hawk"

When developing the "invisibility" for the first time, the goal was to reduce all, without exception, the unmasking factors of the aircraft: the ability to reflect radar radiation, emit electromagnetic waves on its own, emit sound, leave smoke and contrail trails, and also be visible in the infrared range.

Of course, there was no radar station on the F-11A7 - in conditions of secrecy, it was impossible to use such a device. During the flight in the "stealth" mode, all on-board radio communication systems, the "friend or foe" transponder and the radio altimeter must be turned off, and the sighting and navigation system must operate in the passive mode. The only exception is the laser illumination of the target, it turns on after the release of the corrected aerial bomb. The lack of modern avionics, combined with problematic aerodynamics, as well as longitudinal static and directional instability, meant a great risk when piloting the "stealth".

To reduce design time and eliminate many technical problems, designers used a number of proven elements of existing aircraft on the F-117A. So, the stealth engines were taken from the F / A-18 carrier-based fighter-bomber, some elements of the control system were taken from the F-16. The aircraft also used a number of components from the epic SR-71 and the T-33 training aircraft. As a result, such an innovative machine was designed faster and cheaper than a conventional strike aircraft. Lockheed is proud of this fact, alluding to the use of cutting-edge CAD (computer-aided design systems) at the time. Although there is a different opinion here - just because of secrecy, the program for creating "invisibility" avoided the stage of a long and often meaningless discussion in Congress and other bastions of American democracy.

Now it’s worth making a few comments about the Stealth technology itself, implemented specifically on the Nighthawk aircraft (it’s no secret that reducing the radar visibility of an aircraft can be achieved in different ways; the same PAK FA implements completely different principles - parallel edges and a “flattened” shape fuselage). In the case of the F-117A, it was the apotheosis of stealth technology - everything was subordinated exclusively to stealth, regardless of the aerobatic qualities of the machine. 30 years after the creation of the aircraft, many interesting details have become known.

In theory, stealth technology works like this: the numerous facets implemented in the aircraft architecture scatter radar radiation in the direction opposite to the radar antenna. From which side not to try to establish radar contact with the aircraft - this “distorted mirror” will reflect the radio beams in the other direction. In addition, the outer surfaces of the F-117 are inclined at an angle of more than 30° from the vertical, as Usually, the exposure of an aircraft to ground-based radars occurs at gentle angles.

If you irradiate the F-117 from different angles and then look at the reflection pattern, it turns out that the sharp edges of the F-117 hull and the places where the skin is discontinuous give the strongest “flare”. Designers have ensured that their reflections are concentrated in several narrow sectors, and not distributed relatively evenly, as in the case of conventional aircraft. As a result, when irradiated by the F-117 radar, the reflected radiation is difficult to distinguish from background noise, and the “dangerous sectors” are so narrow that the radar cannot extract sufficient information from them.
All contours of the articulation of the canopy and the fuselage, the doors of the landing gear niches and the armament compartment have sawtooth edges, with the sides of the teeth oriented in the direction of the desired sector.

The glazing of the pilot's cockpit canopy has an electrically conductive coating designed to prevent irradiation of the in-cabin equipment and pilot's equipment - microphone, helmet, night vision goggles. For example, the reflection from the pilot's helmet can be much larger than from the entire aircraft.

The air intakes of the F-117 are covered with special gratings with cell sizes close to half the wavelength of radars operating in the centimeter range. The electrical resistivity of the gratings is optimized to absorb radio waves, and it increases with the depth of the grating to prevent a jump in resistance (which increases reflection) at the interface with air.

All external surfaces and internal metal elements of the aircraft are painted with ferromagnetic paint. Its black color not only camouflages the F-117 in the night sky, but also aids in heat dissipation. As a result, the RCS of "stealth" when irradiated from frontal and tail angles is reduced to 0.1-0.01 m2, which is about 100-200 times less than that of a conventional aircraft of similar dimensions.

Considering that the most massive air defense systems of the Warsaw Pact countries (S-75, S-125, S-200, "Circle", "Cube"), which were in service at that time, could fire at targets with an EPR of at least 1 m2, then Nighthawk's chances of penetrating enemy airspace with impunity looked very impressive. Hence the first production plans: to produce in addition to 5 pre-production aircraft another 100 production aircraft.

Lockheed designers have taken a number of measures to reduce the thermal radiation of their offspring. The area of ​​the air intakes was made larger than required for the normal operation of the engines, and the excess cold air was directed to mix with hot exhaust gases in order to reduce their temperature. Very narrow nozzles form an almost flat shape of the exhaust jet, which contributes to its rapid cooling.

Wobblin' Goblin

"The lame dwarf" and not otherwise. This is what the pilots themselves call the F-117A as a joke. Optimizing the shape of the glider according to the criterion of reducing visibility worsened the aerodynamics of the car so much that there was no question of any “aerobatics” or supersonic.
When the company's lead aerodynamicist, Dick Cantrell, was first shown the desired configuration for the future F-117A, he had a nervous breakdown. Having come to his senses and realizing that he was dealing with an unusual aircraft, in the creation of which the first violin was played not by specialists of his profile, but by some electricians, he set the only possible task for his subordinates - to make sure that this "piano" was in able to fly somehow.

An angular fuselage, sharp leading edges of surfaces, a wing profile formed by straight segments - all this is poorly suited for subsonic flight. Despite the rather high thrust-to-weight ratio, the Nighthawk is a limitedly maneuverable vehicle with low speed, relatively short range and poor takeoff and landing characteristics. Its aerodynamic quality during landing approach was only about 4, which corresponds to the level of the Space Shuttle. On the other hand, at high speed, the F-117A is able to confidently maneuver with six times the overload. Aerodynamicist Dick Kentrell still got his way.

On October 26, 1983, the first "invisible" unit, the tactical group 4450 (4450th TG) at the Tonopah airbase, reached operational readiness. According to the recollections of the pilots, this meant the following - an attack aircraft at night somehow reached a given area, detected a point target and had to “put” a precision laser-guided bomb into it. No other combat use was foreseen for the F-117A.
Due to the increase in the number of F-117А on October 5, 1989, the group was reorganized into the 37th tactical fighter wing (37th TFW), consisting of two combat and one training squadron + reserve vehicles. According to the schedule, each squadron included 18 Nighthawks, but only 5-6 of them could start a combat mission at any time, the rest were in heavy forms of maintenance.

Almost all this time around the "stealth" did not weaken the strict regime of secrecy. Although Tonopah was one of the Air Force's most heavily guarded bases, additional, truly draconian measures were taken there to cover up the truth about the F-117A. At the same time, American regime officials often practiced very ingenious solutions. So, in order to scare away the idle “aviation enthusiasts” from among the base personnel, special stencils such as “radiation”, “careful! high voltage" and other "horror stories". On a plane with that appearance, they didn't look mindless at all.

It wasn't until 1988 that the Pentagon decided to issue an official press release about the "stealth aircraft" by providing the public with a retouched photo of the F-117A. In April 1990, the first public demonstration of the aircraft took place. Of course, the sight of the F-117A amazed the global aviation community. It became perhaps the most daring challenge to traditional concepts of aerodynamics in the entire history of human flight. The Americans assigned the "one hundred and seventeenth" the responsible role of a convincing example of the technological superiority of the United States over the rest of the world, and they did not spare money to prove this assertion. "Nighthawk" got a permanent residence on the covers of magazines, became a cool hero of Hollywood and a star of world air shows.

Combat use

As for the first real combat use of the F-117A, it happened during the overthrow of the regime of General Noriega in Panama. There is still a dispute whether or not the F-117A hit the territory of the Panamanian military base with a guided bomb. The Panamanian guards, awakened by a nearby explosion, fled through the jungle in their underpants. Naturally, there was no resistance to the "stealth" and the plane returned without loss.

Much more serious was the massive use of "stealth" in the war in the Persian Gulf in the winter of 1991. The Gulf War was the largest military clash since World War II, involving 35 states (Iraq and 34 countries of the anti-Iraq coalition - the multinational force, MNF) to varying degrees. More than 1.5 million people took part in the conflict on both sides, there were more than 10.5 thousand tanks, 12.5 thousand guns and mortars, more than 3 thousand combat aircraft and about 200 warships.

The following types of air defense systems were in service with Iraqi air defense:
S-75 "Dvina" (SA-2 Guideline) 20-30 batteries (100-130 launchers);
S-125 "Neva" (SA-3 Goa) - 140 launchers;
"Square" (SA-6 Gainful) - 25 batteries (100 launchers);
"Wasp" (SA-8 Gecko) - about 50 complexes;
"Strela-1" (SA-9 Gaskin) - about 400 complexes;
"Strela-10" (SA-13 Gopher) - about 200 complexes;
"Roland-2" - 13 self-propelled and 100 stationary systems;
HAWK - several complexes were captured in Kuwait, but were not used.

Early warning radars made it possible to detect targets at an altitude of 150 meters in most cases outside the airspace of Iraq (and Kuwait), and targets at altitudes of more than 6 km are detected far inside the territory of Saudi Arabia (on average - 150-300 km).
A developed network of observation posts connected by permanent communication lines with information collection centers made it possible to detect low-altitude targets, such as cruise missiles, quite effectively.

The midnight of 16/17 January 1991 was the high point of the F-117A when the first formation of 10 415 Squadron Nighthawks, each carrying two 907kg GBU-27 guided bombs, took off to launch the first strikes. in a new war. At 03:00 local time, stealths, not detected by the air defense system, attacked two command posts of the air defense sectors, the Air Force headquarters in Baghdad, the joint command and control center in Al Taji, the government residence and the 112-meter Baghdad radio tower.
F-117A always worked autonomously, without the involvement of electronic warfare aircraft, since jamming could attract the attention of the enemy. In general, stealth operations were planned so that the nearest Allied aircraft was at least 100 miles away from them.

A serious threat to the stealth was posed by anti-aircraft artillery and short-range air defense systems with optical detection and aiming systems, of which Iraq had quite a few (MANPADS Strela-2 (SA-7 Grail), Strela-3 (SA-14 Gremlin), "Igla-1" (SA-16 Gimlet), as well as anti-aircraft guns (ZU-23-2, ZSU-23-4 "Shilka", S-60, ZSU-57-2). The pilots were forbidden to descend below 6300 m, to avoid entering the affected areas of these weapons.

In general, during the war, the F-117A completed 1271 sorties lasting 7000 hours and dropped 2087 GBU-10 and GBU-27 laser-guided bombs with a total mass of about 2000 tons. Stealth strike aircraft hit 40% of priority ground targets, while, according to the Pentagon, none of the 42 "stealth" was lost. This is especially strange, given that we are dealing with a subsonic low-maneuverability machine without any constructive protection.

In particular, the commander of the Air Force of the multinational forces in the Persian Gulf, Lieutenant General C. Horner, cites as an example two raids against heavily defended Iraqi nuclear installations in Al-Tuwait, south of Baghdad. The first raid was carried out on the afternoon of January 18, involving 32 F-16Cs armed with conventional unguided bombs, escorted by 16 F-15Cs, four EF-111 jammers, eight anti-radar F-4Gs, and 15 KS-135 tankers. This large aviation group failed to complete the task. The second raid was made at night by eight F-117As escorted by two tankers. This time, the Americans destroyed three of Iraq's four nuclear reactors.
In the future, the F-117A occasionally appeared in the airspace of Iraq, during Operation Desert Fox (1998) and the invasion of Iraq (2003).

Hunting for "stealth"

"Sorry, we didn't know the plane was invisible"

I remember well that day, March 27, 1999. Channel ORT, evening program "Time". Live report from Yugoslavia, people dancing on the wreckage of an American plane. The old woman recalls that it was in this place that the Messerschmitt once crashed. The next frame, the NATO representative is mumbling something, then the frames with the wreckage of the black plane went again ...

Yugoslav air defense did the impossible - in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe village of Budanovtsy (a suburb of Belgrade) a "stealth" was shot down. The stealth aircraft was destroyed by the S-125 air defense system of the 3rd battery of the 250th air defense brigade, commanded by the Hungarian Zoltan Dani. There is also a version that the F-117A was shot down from a cannon by a MiG-29 fighter, which established direct visual contact with it. According to the American version, the "one hundred and seventeenth" changed the flight mode, at that moment a pressure surge formed in front of the air intake grilles, unmasking the aircraft. The invulnerable plane was shot down in front of the whole world. Battery commander Zoltan Dani, on the contrary, claims that he guided the missile using a French thermal imager.

As for the stealth pilot, Lieutenant Colonel Dale Zelko managed to eject and hid all night on the outskirts of Belgrade until his radio beacon spotted the EC-130. HH-53 Pave Low search and rescue helicopters arrived a few hours later and evacuated the pilot.
In total, during the NATO aggression against Yugoslavia, "stealth" made 850 sorties.

The wreckage of the downed F-117A "Night hawk" (serial number 82-0806) is carefully preserved at the Aviation Museum in Belgrade, along with the wreckage of the F-16 aircraft. These losses were officially recognized by the United States.
Also on display is the engine from the A-10 Thunderbolt II attack aircraft, which was torn off by a MANPADS shot, the plane itself made an emergency landing at Skopje Airport (the incident was officially recognized by the NATO command). Local residents found a strange detail and gave it to the military.
Other points of interest include fragments of the Tomahawk missile and the RQ-1 Predator light drone (the Serbs claim to have shot down, the Americans that it landed due to engine failure).

Wreckage of a downed F-16C

Wreckage of an RQ-1 Predator at the Aviation Museum in Belgrade

Actually, all the wreckage that is in the museum was officially recognized by the United States, including the loss of two combat aircraft - the F-117A stealth aircraft and the F-16 fighter. The NATO command denies other numerous air victories declared by Serbia.
As for the "invisibles", the Serbs say they shot down at least three F-117As, but two were able to make it to NATO airbases, where they were decommissioned upon arrival. Therefore, they have no debris. The statement raises some doubts - the damaged F-117A could not fly far. Even the serviceable "one hundred and seventeenth" flew very badly - the pilot was unable to control this "flying iron" without the help of electronic stability systems. The plane does not even have a backup mechanical control system - anyway, if the electronics fail, a person is unable to cope with the F-117A. Therefore, any malfunction for "stealth" is fatal, the plane cannot fly on one engine or with damaged planes.

By the way, in addition to the downed F-117A, according to official data, over 30 years of operation, six stealth aircraft were lost over the territory of the United States during training flights. Most often, "stealth" fought because of the loss of orientation of the pilots. For example, on the night of June 11, 1986, an F-117A (tail number 792) crashed into a mountain, killing the pilot. Another tragicomic incident occurred on September 14, 1997, when an F-117A broke apart in the air during an air show in Maryland.

April 22, 2008 F-117A "Nighthawk" took to the air for the last time. As time has shown, the very idea of ​​a highly specialized aircraft in the design of which any one quality “stands out” (in this case, a small EPR) to the detriment of others, turned out to be unpromising. After the disappearance of the USSR, in the new conditions, the requirements of efficiency, ease of operation and multifunctionality of aviation systems began to come out on top. And in all these parameters, the F-117A Nighthawk was significantly inferior to the F-15E Strike Eagle strike aircraft. Now it is on the basis of the F-15E that the inconspicuous F-15SE Silent Eagle aircraft is being created.

The idea of ​​hiding oneself, one's weapons and equipment from the eyes of the enemy has haunted the minds of the military since time immemorial. All sorts of tricks and means of disguise have come a long way in evolution. In parallel, the means of detection also developed. So, since the Second World War, the main enemy of air attack weapons has gradually become not eyes and ears, but radars. They made it possible to see enemy aircraft at any time of the day at a considerable distance.

History of creation

In the late 1970s, aircraft designers in the United States were given an unusual and very ambitious task - to make a full-fledged combat aircraft, as stealthy as possible in the infrared, visual, acoustic and (most importantly) radar range. The tactical attack aircraft was supposed to be used for bombing the most important and protected enemy targets, while remaining invisible to its radars.

The program to create a stealth aircraft, or "stealth", was unprecedentedly secret. Lockheed became the lead developer. The desire to minimize all types of unmasking factors led to the emergence of a machine that very little resembles a classic aircraft.

The F-117A, which was the index the new attack aircraft received, rather resembled an iron, and when looking at it, the pilots had reasonable doubts that “it” would be able to fly at all. To reduce radar visibility, the aircraft was given complex chopped shapes that scatter radio rays in various directions and provide up to 90% reduction in the effective scattering area. A gold-containing multi-layer coating was applied to the cockpit canopy, and the engine air intakes were covered with special grilles. Measures were also taken to reduce thermal visibility - the exhaust of the nozzles was directed upwards, as a result of which an almost flat exhaust jet was formed, quickly dissipating in the air.

In addition, the F-117A Nighthawk ("Night hawk") was planned to be used mainly at night and in complete radio silence. To do this, they tried, if possible, to remove all on-board radio devices or use them only in a passive mode, excluding unmasking signs. Through all the measures, the frontal effective dispersion surface was reduced hundreds of times compared to conventional aircraft!

We must immediately make a reservation that it is impossible to create an aircraft absolutely invisible to enemy radars. The meaning of stealth technology is to reduce visibility for the most common centimeter and decimeter range radars.

The price for all the "invisible" advantages of the novelty was a catastrophic decrease in flight performance. The plane turned out to be extremely unstable, and computers were used to stabilize the car to hold it. It is almost impossible to fly the F-117 with active stabilization systems disabled. After heavy and lengthy testing and improvements in the early 1980s, the first production F-117s began to enter service with the US Air Force.

Performance and flight characteristics, armament

The F-117A is a single-seat twin-engine attack aircraft, made according to the "flying wing" scheme with a V-shaped tail.

• The length of the aircraft is 20.3 m.
• Wingspan - 13.3 m.
• Empty weight - 13 381 kg.
• Normal takeoff - 21 150 kg.
• Maximum - 23,625 kg.

The Nighthawk is powered by two General Electric F404-F1D2 engines with a maximum thrust of more than 4800 kgf each. The mass of fuel is 5500 kg.

With good thrust-to-weight ratio, the flight characteristics are very modest:

• maximum speed - 970 km / h (M - 0.91).
• Practical ceiling - 13,700 m.
• Range - 1720 km.
• Combat radius - 860 km.

At low speed and flight altitude, due to the characteristic fuselage design and active stability control systems, the Nighthawk also had very serious limitations in terms of maneuverability and permissible overloads. In a real combat situation - no aerobatics and other somersaults. Only the most secretive night horizontal flight. Due to its strange appearance and low flight characteristics, the Nighthawk was nicknamed "The Lame Goblin" by the pilots.

A feature of the F-117A is that the aircraft does not have an onboard radar system at all and is equipped only with passive aiming and navigation aids, with the exception of laser target illumination, which is used for a short period of time. All attack aircraft weapons are hidden inside the fuselage in a two-section compartment to reduce visibility. The main weapons are two guided 907-kilogram bombs GBU-10, GBU-27 "Paveway" or two BLU-109 with optical or laser guidance. It is also possible to use guided missiles AGM-88 HARM, AGM-65 Maverick and even nuclear bombs B-61.

Nuclear bomb B-61

In general, on paper, the performance characteristics and armament of the F-117A looked very poor compared to other aircraft of that time. But his main weapon was still not flight-technical capabilities and a couple of bombs, but low visibility. It was she who made the slow, clumsy and unsightly "Lame Goblin" a very formidable weapon, a star of conflicts at the end of the 20th century.

Despite the fact that the first production aircraft took off in 1982, thanks to increased secrecy, the very fact of the existence of such a machine in the United States remained a secret for a long time. The first time the F-117A was officially presented only at the end of 1988, and appeared in public at all in 1990 at the Le Bourget air show. Just about the end of mass production. In total, the US Air Force received 59 production aircraft.

"Desert Storm"

The first case of the combat use of the Nighthawk was recorded during the conflict in Panama in 1989, when two stealth aircraft dropped one bomb each. A more serious test in 1991 was Iraq, where there was a full-fledged air defense system. Even before the start of the active phase of hostilities, the F-117A flew along the border between Iraq and Saudi Arabia. During the flights, it was found that the "Nighthawks" remained invisible to the radar of the Iraqi radar. This gave cause for optimism both to the pilots themselves and to the coalition air force command.

F-117 during Operation Desert Storm

The X-hour for the Lame Goblin came on the night of January 16-17, 1991. Ten planes, remaining completely unnoticed, attacked strategic targets - the residence of the government, the Air Force command posts and the joint control center. During the first day, strikes on key targets did not stop, disorganizing air defense and demoralizing the enemy. A total of 42 F-117A attack aircraft were used in the conflict, none of which was lost. At the same time, according to the statements of the American command, the effectiveness of the combat use of the Nighthawk in destroying the most protected and key objects exceeded that of the much more numerous F-16, F-18, Tornado and other coalition aircraft.

Yugoslavia

If Operation Desert Storm really became the finest hour of stealth aircraft and their real combat successes are not particularly disputed by anyone, then with the participation of Nighthawk in the conflict in the Balkans, everything is far from being so simple. A resounding slap in the face for the US Air Force was the destruction of the F-117A on March 27, 1999, just a few days after the start of the operation.

Photos with the wreckage of the collapsed "Goblin" quickly spread around the world, destroying the myth of the complete invisibility and invulnerability of the F-117A. Luckily for pilot Dale Zelko, he managed to eject and was picked up by a search and rescue team. There were suggestions that the Yugoslav MiG-29 shot down the invisibility, even the name of the pilot was mentioned. According to another version, the F-117 was shot down by the Kub air defense system. They say that in fact the Goblin was shot down by the S-125 air defense system of the 250th air defense brigade under the command of Colonel Zoltan Dani. It should be noted that in many ways the fact of the destruction of the "stealth" by an outdated air defense system was a matter of luck and military ingenuity of the Yugoslav anti-aircraft gunners.

By the way, they assured that, in addition to the well-known downed F-117A with serial number 82-0806, several more “invisibles” were shot down, but reliable facts of this have not been established.

Current state and general assessment of the project

Of the 59 production vehicles, seven F-117As were lost during operation. One was shot down, six crashed for technical reasons. Since 2006, the Nighthawk has been gradually withdrawn from service. This is due to the appearance in commercial quantities in the United States of the latest fifth-generation fighter F-22 Raptor - a much more advanced and balanced aircraft. In 2008, Nighthawks made their last flight, after which they were withdrawn from the Air Force to the reserve and transferred to long-term storage.

Thus ended the quarter-century history of this charismatic, extraordinary and controversial machine. Now we can safely say that at the time of its appearance, the F-117A was a truly advanced and breakthrough combat aircraft. Its creation, operational experience and combat use served as the basis for the design of more modern stealth aircraft - both in the United States and in Russia and China at the present time.

Is it possible to say that the first pancake came out lumpy, or, on the contrary, did the American designers manage to give birth to an invulnerable superweapon? On the one hand, the real combat effectiveness of the too small Nighthawk was greatly exaggerated, the reputation was incredibly inflated by the media, but on the other hand, the aircraft really managed to fight decently, being at the very edge of the sword and performing the most difficult and dangerous tasks of breaking through enemy air defense.

ъБНЕУФЙФЕМШ НЙОЙУФТБ ПВПТПОЩ уыб РП ойплт х.рЕТТЙ (William J.Perry) Ч РПМОПК НЕТЕ ПГЕОЙМ РТЕЙНХЭЕУФЧБ ФЕИОЙЛЙ "УФЕМc" ЕЭЕ ОБ ЬФБРЕ ЙУРЩФБОЙК НПДЕМЕК XST Й ТЕЫЙМ ТБЪЧЕТОХФШ ЫЙТПЛХА РТПЗТБННХ ТБЪТБВПФЛЙ НБМПЪБНЕФОЩИ БРРБТБФПЧ. dMS HULPTEOYS TBVPF PO PTZBOY'PCHBM CH UETEDYOE 1977 LPNYFEF VSHCHM OBDEMEO VPMSHYNY RPMOPNPYUSNY, UFP RPCHPMYMP YЪVETSBFSH VATPLTBFYUEULYI RTCHPMPYUEL Y DMYFEMSHOSHCHI RTPGEDHT "DENPLTBFYUEULPZP" PVUKhTSDEOYK RMBOCH TBVPF. UBN RETTY UFBM RTEDUEDBFEMEN LPNYFEFB Y RPMHYUYM RTBCHP EDYOPMYUOPZP TEYOYS CHUEI CHPRTPUPCH. RETCHSHCHN LTHROSCHN RTPELFPN, LPFPTSCHK UBOLGIPOITCHBM iupm, UFBMB TBTBVPFLB ABOUT PUOPCHE XST UETIKOPZP FBLFYUEULPZP HDBTOPZP UBNPMEFB F-117 RP UELTEFOPC RTPZTBNNE "uEOSHPT fTEOD" (Senior Trend). chFPTPK RTPELF RTEDKHUNBFTYCHBM UPODBOYE, (FBLCE ZHYTNPK "mPLIYD") NBMPBNEFOPK LTSCHMBFPK TBLEFSHCH RP RTPZTBNNE "uEOSHPT rTPN" (Senior Prom). TBVPFSCH RP OEK VSCHMY RTELTBEEOSCH e LPOGE 1981 Z., F.L. TBLEFB OE CHNEEBMBUSH CH PFUELY CHPPTHTSEOIS VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLB h-1h, B BLFEN CHPЪPVOCHMEOSCH, OP HTS ABOUT JITNE "dTSOEETTBM dBKONYLU". h YFPZE RPSCHIMBUSH LTSCHMBFBS TBLEFB ACM (Advanced Cruise Missile). ftEFSHEK UFBMB RTPZTBNNB UFTBFEZYYUEULPZP VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLB bfch (Ch DBMSHOEKYEN - h-2), TEBMYIBGYEK LPFPTPK ЪBOSMBUSH ZHYTNB "oPTFTPR".

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YOFETEUOP, YUFP UFPMSh TECHPMAGYPOOBS NBYOB VSCHMB TBTBVPFBOB bB NEOSHYEE CHTENS, NEOSHYYN YUYUMPN UREGYBMYUFCH Y U NEOSHYNY BLFTBFBNY, YUEN PVSCHUOSCHK VPECHPK UBNPMEF VMY'LPKF TB. "MPLIYD" PYUEOSH ZPTDIFUS LFYN ZHBLFPN, FHNBOOP OBNELBS ABOUT OPCHEKYYE NEFPDSCH HRTBCHMEOYS RTPGEUUPN TBTBVPFLY RTPELFB, LPFPTSCHE RTYNEOYMP PFDEMEOYE "ULBOL HPTLU" CH FFPN UMHYUBE. pDOBLP UP UFPTPOSCH RTYUYOB KHUREIB RTEDUFBCHMSEFUS ZPTBDP RTPEE. POB - H UELTEFOPUFY RTPZTBNNSC. RTPUFP URYULY DPRKHEOOOSCHI L TBVPFBN, B OBBYUYF, RPMHYUBAEYI BTRMMBFH, VSCHMY NEOSHIE PVSCHYUOSCHI, OP BPFP CHUE FFY MADY VSCHMY DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP OEEPVIPDINSCH. h PVUKhTSDEOYY LBTsDPZP TEYOYS RTYOYNBMP HYUBUFYE NEOSHIE UREGYBMYUFCH, Y UPCHEEBOYS OE VSCHMY FBLYNY RTPDPMTSYFEMSHOSCHNY. OP YuFP BVUPMAFOP VEUURPTOP - YNEOOP VMBZPDBTS UELTEFOPUFY RTPZTBNNB YЪVETSBMB UFPDYY DMYFEMSHOPZP Y DYMEFBOFULPZP RP UCHPEK UHFY PVUHTSDEOYS CH LPOZTEUUE Y DTHZYIBO VBUFYPOBUIL BNETY.

лПОФТБЛФ ОБ РПМОПНБУЫФБВОХА ТБЪТБВПФЛХ "ОЕЧЙДЙНЛЙ" Й РТПЙЪЧПДУФЧП ХУФБОПЧПЮОПК РБТФЙЙ ЙЪ РСФЙ УБНПМЕФПЧ (УЕТЙКОЩЕ ОПНЕТБ ПФ 79-10780 ДП 79-10784) ЧПЕООЩЕ РПДРЙУБМЙ У "мПЛИЙД" 16 ОПСВТС 1978 З. уФТПЙФЕМШУФЧП ОБЮБМПУШ ХЦЕ ЮЕТЕЪ 8 НЕУСГЕЧ, Б РЕТЧХА ЗПФПЧХА НБЫЙОХ РЕТЕДБМЙ ОБ YURSHCHFBOYS 16 SOCHBTS 1981 Z. ubnpmefshch hufbochpyuopk rbtfyy ubschchbfsh F-117FSD. pF RPUMEDHAEYI NBYO, RPMHYUYCHYI PVPOBBYEOOYE F-117A, CHOEYOE POY PFMYUBMYUSH ICHPUFPSCHN PRETEOYEN NEOSHYYI TBNETCH. oEULPMSHLP RPTSE, RTY RPUFBOPCLE ABOUT CHPPTKHTSEOYE, UBNPMEFKH RTYUCHPYMY OBYNEOPCHBOYE Nighthawk (OPYOPK SUFTEV).

LBL OEFTHDOP VSCHMP RTEDCHYDEFSH, PRFYNYBGYS ZHPTNSCH RMBOETTB RP LTYFETYA HNEOSHYOYS OBNEFOPUFY OBYUYFEMSHOP KHIKHDYYMB BYTPDYOBNYLH NBYYOSCH. ч ПЖЙГЙБМШОПК ЙУФПТЙЙ "уЛБОЛ хПТЛУ" ТБУУЛБЪБОП, ЮФП ЛПЗДБ ЧЕДХЭЕНХ БЬТПДЙОБНЙЛХ ПФДЕМЕОЙС дЙЛХ лЬОФТЕМХ (Dick Cantrell) ЧРЕТЧЩЕ РПЛБЪБМЙ ЦЕМБЕНХА ЛПОЖЙЗХТБГЙА ВХДХЭЕЗП F-117A, ФПЗП ИЧБФЙМ ХДБТ. рТЙДС Ч УЕВС Й ПУПЪОБЧ, ЮФП ПО ЙНЕЕФ ДЕМП У ХОЙЛБМШОЩН УБНПМЕФПН, РТЙ УПЪДБОЙЙ ЛПФПТПЗП РЕТЧХА УЛТЙРЛХ ЙЗТБАФ ОЕ УРЕГЙБМЙУФЩ ЕЗП РТПЖЙМС, Б ЛБЛЙЕ-ФП ЬМЕЛФТЙЛЙ, ПО РПУФБЧЙМ РЕТЕД УЧПЙНЙ РПДЮЙОЕООЩНЙ ЕДЙОУФЧЕООП ЧПЪНПЦОХА ЪБДБЮХ - УДЕМБФШ ФБЛ, ЮФПВЩ ЬФП ЮХДПЧЙЭЕ ВЩМП Ч УПУФПСОЙЙ ИПФШ LBL-OYVHDSH MEFBFSH. зМБЧОЩЕ РТПВМЕНЩ ЧЙДЕМЙУШ Ч ДПУФЙЦЕОЙЙ ДПУФБФПЮОПЗП БЬТПДЙОБНЙЮЕУЛПЗП ЛБЮЕУФЧБ Ч ЛТЕКУЕТУЛПК ЛПОЖЙЗХТБГЙЙ ДМС ПВЕУРЕЮЕОЙС ЪБДБООПК ДБМШОПУФЙ РПМЕФБ, Б ФБЛЦЕ РТЙЕНМЕНПЗП ХТПЧОС ЙУЛХУУФЧЕООПК ХУФПКЮЙЧПУФЙ Й ХРТБЧМСЕНПУФЙ. hZMPCHBFShK ZHAEMSTs, PUFTSHCHE RETEDOYE LTPNLY RPCHETIOPUFEK, RTPZHYMSH LTSCHMB, PVTBPCHBOOSCHK PFTEELBNY RTSNSHCHI, -CHUE LFP CHEUSHNB RMPIP RPDIPDYF DMS DPCHHLCHPZP RPMEFB. Ch Jfpza Bvpdyobneulp Lbueufchp F-117a RTY obipda about RPUFDLH Upufbchimp Chusep PLPMP 4, YuFP UPFCHCHCHHHHHAPHHHAPHHAPHOBPCHOA B. Miysh Oenopzin Spefzp Lpunyu Lpuyeuhlpzpzpzpzpzpzp.

RPULPMSHLH "OBKFIPL" UPDBCHBMUS UFBFYUEULY OEKHUFPKYUYCHSHCHN, FP RETED OBYUBMPN RPMEFPCH VSMP UCHTEYOOP OEVPVIPDYNP RTPCHETYFSH TBVPFPURPUPVOPUFSH BMZPTYFNPC, BMPTSEOOSCHI CH EZP RUFFYUYUFENSCH. MYYSH RPUME UETYY RPMEFPCH MEFBAEEK MBVPTBFPTYY NT-33A Y CHOEUEOYS YURTBCHMEOYK H RTPZTBNNSC VTPFPCHSCHI LPNRSHAFETCH YI RTYOBMY ZPDOSHNY.

фЕН ОЕ НЕОЕЕ, РЕТЧЩК РПМЕФ "УФЕМУБ" ТЕЫЕОП ВЩМП ЧЩРПМОЙФШ У ПФЛМАЮЕООЩНЙ УЙУФЕНБНЙ РПЧЩЫЕОЙС ХУФПКЮЙЧПУФЙ, Б ЮФПВЩ УБНПМЕФ НПЦОП ВЩМП РТЙ ЬФПН РЙМПФЙТПЧБФШ, ЕЗП ОБ ЧТЕНС УДЕМБМЙ УФБФЙЮЕУЛЙ ХУФПКЮЙЧЩН Ч РТПДПМШОПН ЛБОБМЕ, ЪБМПЦЙЧ Ч ОПУПЧХА ЮБУФШ ЖАЪЕМСЦБ ВБММБУФ. RTY LFPN, PDOBLP, UYUFENSCH VSCHMY RPMOPUFSHHA TBVPFPURPUPVOSCH Y NPZMY VSHCHFSH MEZLP CHLMAYUEOSCH U RPNPESHA UREGYBMSHOP HUFBOPCHMEOOOSCHI CH LBVYOE RETELMAYUBFEMEK. h FBLPC LPOZHYZKHTBGYY 18 JAOS 1981 Z. "OBKFIPL" CHRECHSHCHE RPDOSMUS CH CHPODHI RPD HRTBCCHMEOYEN MEFUYLB-YURSHCHFBFEMS zBTPMSHDB zhTMY NMBDYEZP (Harold Farley, Jr.). ffp Vshchm DTBNBFYUEULYK RPMEF, EDCHB OE BLPOYUYCHYKUS LBFBUFTPZHPK. UTBH RPUME PFTSCHCHB RYMPF RPOSM, YuFP VMBZPDBTS OBMYYUYA VBMMBUFB RTPDPMSHOBS HUFPKYUYCHPUFSH UBNPMEFB CHRPMOE FETRYNB, OP RHFECBS PLBBMBUSH OBYUYFEMSHOP IHCE, YUEN RTEDPMBZBMPUSH. VKHDHYU OE CH UIMBI HDETTSBFSH NBYYOKH, PO CHSCHOKHTSDEO VSCM OENEDMEOOP CHLMAYUYFSH LPNRSHAFETSCH, Y PUFBFPL RPMEFB RTPYEM VPMEE-NEOEEE OPTNBMSHOP. оП ДБМШОЕКЫЙЕ РПМЕФЩ РПЛБЪБМЙ, ЮФП ДБЦЕ У ТБВПФБАЭЙНЙ УЙУФЕНБНЙ РХФЕЧБС ХУФПКЮЙЧПУФШ Й ХРТБЧМСЕНПУФШ ЧУЕ ТБЧОП ОЙЛХДБ ОЕ ЗПДСФУС, ПУПВЕООП РТЙ ПФЛТЩФЙЙ УФЧПТПЛ ПФУЕЛПЧ ЧППТХЦЕОЙС ЙМЙ Ч УМХЮБЕ ПФЛМАЮЕОЙС ПДОПЗП ЙЪ ДЧЙЗБФЕМЕК. h YFPZE RMPEBDSH LYMEK ABOUT UETIKOSCHI UBNPMEFBI RTYYMPUSH HCHEMYYUYFSH ABOUT 50%.

rPUME UOSFIS VBMMBUFB CH OEULPMSHLYI RPMEFBI UBNPMEF RTPDENPOUFTYTPCHBM RPMOSHK VHLEF OEHUFKYUYCHPUFY, RTYUEN OE FPMSHLP RP PFDEMSHOSHCHN LBOBMBN, OP Y CH NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHI CHBYNPCHBI.BI. LUFBFY, LFP PVYASUOSEF, RPYUENH ABOUT F-117A PFUKHFUFCHHEF TEJETCHOBS NEIBOYUEULBS UYUFENB HRTBCHMEOYS - CH UMHYUBE PFLBB LMELFTPOILY MEFUYL CHUE TBCHOP OE UNPTCEF HRTBCHMEFSH UB. оП РПУФЕРЕООП РХФЕН ДПТБВПФЛЙ РТПЗТБННОПЗП ПВЕУРЕЮЕОЙС Й ОБМПЦЕОЙС ТСДБ ПЗТБОЙЮЕОЙК ОБ ТЕЦЙНЩ РПМЕФБ ПФГБН "УФЕМУБ" ХДБМПУШ ДПВЙФШУС РТЙЕНМЕНЩИ РЙМПФБЦОЩИ ИБТБЛФЕТЙУФЙЛ, ДЕМБАЭЙИ ЕЗП РПЧЕДЕОЙЕ ОБ НБМЩИ ХЗМБИ БФБЛЙ РПИПЦЙН ОБ ТЕБЛГЙА ПВЩЮОЩИ УБНПМЕФПЧ. pDOH YЪ UBNSHI VPMSHYI FTHDOPUFEK RTY PFMBDLE BCHFPNBFILY DPUFBCHYM RPYUL NEUF HUFBOPCLY RTYENOYLPCH CHPDHHYOSCHI UIZOBMPCH. rTYUEN, FTEVPCHBMPUSH HUFBOPCHYFSH 4 LPNRMELFB DBFYuILPC, RPULPMSHLKh UYUFENB HRTBCHMEOYS YUEFSHCHTEILTBFOP TEETCHYTPCHBOB. VPMEE 60 FPYUEL ABOUT RPCHETIOPUFY RMBOETB VSCHMY YUUMEDPCHBOSCH, Y CHEYDE CHMYSOIE LMENEOFCH LPOUFTHLGYY ABOUT RPLBBOYS RTYVPTPCH VSCHMP UMYYLPN ЪBNEFOSHCHN. h LPOGE LPOGPCH CHUE YEFSCHTE rchd HUFBOPCHYMY CH STUFF UBNPMEFB OEUYNNEFTYUOP PFOPUYFEMSHOP RTPDPMSHOPK PUY.

YURSHCHFBOIS RTYOEUMY Y NOPTSEUFCHP DTHZYI OEPTSYDBOOPUFEK. fBL, PVOBTHTSYMUS OBYUYFEMSHOSHCHK LBVTYTHAEK NPNEOF, RTYUYOH LPFPTPZP UOBYUBMB CHYDEMY CH PVTBBPCHBOYY POSHCH RPCHSHCHYEOOPZP DBCHMEOYS OB CHETIOK RPCHETIOPUFY ЪBDOEK UBUFTSOPSHCHÜSHCHÜM. пДОБЛП ФЭБФЕМШОЩЕ МЕФОЩЕ ЬЛУРЕТЙНЕОФЩ РПЛБЪБМЙ, ЮФП ХУФПКЮЙЧПУФШ УБНПМЕФБ ОБТХЫБЕФ РПФПЛ ТЕБЛФЙЧОЩИ ЗБЪПЧ, ЧЩИПДСЭЙК ЮЕТЕЪ РМПУЛЙЕ УПРМБ Й ЧЪБЙНПДЕКУФЧХАЭЙК У РМБУФЙОБНЙ, ЬЛТБОЙТХАЭЙНЙ УПРМБ ПФ ПВЪПТБ У ОЙЦОЕК РПМХУЖЕТЩ. rPUME CHSHCHSCHMEOYS LFPZP YZHZHELFB UYUFENKH HRTBCHMEOYS CHOPCHSH RTYYMPUSH DPTBVPFBFSH. h IPDE YURSHCHFBOIK RPFTEVPCHBMPUSH YЪNEOYFSH Y RPTSDPL CHSCTBVPFLY LETPUYOB YЪ VBLPC, CH TEEKHMSHFBFE TBZTHЪLB LTSCHMB CHOKHFTEOOYIN FPRMMYCHPN HNEOSHYYMBUSH, Y RPMEFSCH RTYYBPUSH RT

HUYMEOYS HHMPCH LTERMEOYS LTSCHMB. h FFPF RETYPD PUPVPZP CHOYNBOYS HDPUFPIYMYUSH TEYEFLY CHPDHIPBVPTOYLCH - YI RPDCHETZBMY YUBUFYUOSCHN TBTHIEOYSN, BLHRPTLE Y PVMEDEOOYA. DMS VPTSHVSC U RPUMEDOYN OBYVPMEE LZHZHELFYCHOSCHN PLBBMUS UFBTSCHK RTPCHETEOOOSCHK URPUPV, UPUFPSEYK H TBVTSCHZYCHBOY ABOUT TEIEFLY URYTFP-ChPDSOPK UNEUY LTERPUFSHHA TCHOP 40% PV.

rPUME FPZP, LBL "UFP UENOBDGBFSHCHK" OBHYUYMY UOPUOP MEFBFSH, B L YURSHCHFBOISN RPDLMAYUYMY DTHZYE NBYOSCH HUFBOCHPYuOPK RBTFYY, DEMP RPYMP DPCHPMSHOP VSHCHUFTP. RETHBS DPBRTBCHLB VShShchmb Cheshrpmom KHCE 18 OPSVTS 1981 Z., Retchshchk OPUOPK RPMEF - 22 NBTFB UMedhaezp ZPDB, UVTPU UVTPU UVPFPSMU 7 YAMS, BCPPHPPA ODPHD REPHK "

UBNPMEF RTPYEM, RTYUEN KHUREYOP, Y VPMSHYHA RTPZTBNNKH ZHMBFFETOSCHI YURSHCHFBOIK. th HCE RPUME YI BCHETEOYS UFTPECHPK RYMPF, CHSHCHRPMOSS PYO Y RPMEFPCH ABOUT RTPCHETLH UPCNEUFYNPUFY U RPDCHEULBNY, CHCHE UBNPMEF CH ULPMShTSEOYE, CHSCCHBCH ABOUT MECHPN CHETFYLBMSHOPN PRETEOYY CHMBFFTE. LYMSH NZOPCHEOOP PFCHBMYMUS, B RYMPF RTYCHEM UBNPMEF ABOUT VBH U VPMSHYNY UMPTSOPUFSNY. OPCHSHCHK, ZPTBDP VPMEE TSEUFLIK LYMSH Y'ZPFPCHYMY YJ LPNRPYFCH. LBL LFP OY LBTCEFUS UFTBOOSCHN, OP F-117A CHSHCHRPMOYM TSD YURSHCHFBFEMSHOSHCHI RPMEFPCH ABOUT VPMSHYI HZMBI BFBLY, CH PUOPCHOPN, YUFPVSCH RTPCHETYFSH HUFBOCHMEOOOSCHE PZTBOYUEOYS. OP VSHCHMB Y CHFPTBS RTYYUYOB - PE CHTENS RTPDHCHPL Y RPMEFPCH UCHPPVPDOP RMBOITHAEYI NPDEMEK VSCHMY RPMHYUEOSCH RTPFICHPTEYUYCHSHCHE RTEDUFBCHMEOYS P YFPRPTOSHCHI UCHPKUFCHBI UBNPMEFB. чЩСУОЕОЙЕ ЙУФЙОЩ ЪБОСМП НОПЦЕУФЧП РПМЕФПЧ, Ч ЛПФПТЩИ ХЗМЩ БФБЛЙ РПЧЩЫБМЙУШ ВХЛЧБМШОП РП РПМЗТБДХУБ, Й ЕУМЙ ПВОБТХЦЙЧБМЙУШ НБМЕКЫЙЕ ПФЛМПОЕОЙС ПФ ТБУЮЕФОПЗП РПЧЕДЕОЙС УБНПМЕФБ, ФХФ ЦЕ ОБЮЙОБМЙУШ ОПЧЩЕ РТПДХЧЛЙ Й ЬЛУРЕТЙНЕОФЩ ОБ РЙМПФБЦОПН УФЕОДЕ. YUFPTYLY "ULBOL HPTLU" U VPMSHYNY RPDTPVOPUFSNY PRYUSCHCHBAF LFPF RTPGEUU - UTBYH CHYDOP, UFP POY ZPTDSFUS EZP IPDPN. rTBChDB, DP LBLPZP YNEOOP HZMB FBLYN PVTBPN DPIYEM "UFP UENOBDGBFSHKK", SING FBL YOE OBRYUBMY - OCHETOPE, UFSCHDOP.

h PVEEN, CH TEEKHMSHFBFE RTPGEUUB "PUFEMUYCHBOYS" VPMSHIE CHUEZP RPUFTDBMY MEFOSHCHE IBTBLFETYUFYLY F-117A. оЕУНПФТС ОБ ПФОПУЙФЕМШОП ЧЩУПЛХА ФСЗПЧППТХЦЕООПУФШ, "оБКФИПЛ" СЧМСЕФУС ПЗТБОЙЮЕООП НБОЕЧТЕООПК НБЫЙОПК, ПВМБДБАЭЕК ОЕЧЩУПЛПК УЛПТПУФША, УТБЧОЙФЕМШОП НБМПК ДБМШОПУФША Й РМПИЙНЙ ЧЪМЕФОП-РПУБДПЮОЩНЙ ИБТБЛФЕТЙУФЙЛБНЙ. h TEBMSHOPN RPMEFE PO OE YNEEF OYYUEZP PVEEZP U FEN "UFEMUPN", LPFPTSHK RPVETSDBEF CHUEI CH ZPMMYCHKHDULYI VPECCHILBI. pV LFPN UCHYDEFEMSHUFCHHEF Y YTPOYYUEULPE RTP'CHYEE "ITPNPK LBTMYL", DBOOPE ENH EZP TSE MEFUYLBNY.

RETCHBS RPMPCHYOB 1980-I ZZ. VSCHMB RETYPDPN TELPK LPOZHTPOFBGYY NETSDH uuut Y uyb. RPTsBMHK, ChRETCHSHCHE RPUME LBTYVULPZP LTYYUB CHPOYLMB TEBMSHOBS KhZTPB FPZP, YUFP CHPKOB YY "IPMPDOK" NPTsEF RTETCHTBFYFSHUS Ch "ZPTSYUKHA". Bfyi Humpchyy Feiyoilb "Ufem" Tbungubftechbmbush Opedyoeoooio-Oshoooiyoo-Oshchiny LBL PDYO LPSHCHEKET, Ochpepvtbe Yukhdp-Ptkhzie, Urpupvopa NPNEOF RPLEPMEVBFSHEEE TBEMEVBFSHEEY TBCHEPSHYEEY еУМЙ ​​ХЮЕУФШ, ЮФП ОБЙВПМЕЕ НБУУПЧЩЕ ътл УФТБО чБТЫБЧУЛПЗП ДПЗПЧПТБ (у-75, у-125, у-200, "лТХЗ", "лХВ"), ЙНЕЧЫЙЕУС ОБ ЧППТХЦЕОЙЙ Ч ФП ЧТЕНС, РТЙ ЙУРПМШЪПЧБОЙЙ ФПМШЛП ТБДЙПМПЛБГЙПООЩИ УТЕДУФЧ ОБЧЕДЕОЙС НПЗМЙ ПВУФТЕМЙЧБФШ ГЕМЙ У ьрт OE NEOEE 1 H2, FP YBOUSCH "OBKFIPLB" VEOBBLBBOOSCHN RTPOILOHFSH PE CHTBTSEULPE CHPDHHYOPE RTPUFTBOUFCHP CHSHZMSDEMY CHEUSHNB CHOKHYYFEMSHOSCHNY. pFUADB Y RETCHSHCHE RTPYCHPDUFCHEOOOSCHE RMBOSHCH: CHSHCHRHUFYFSH H DPRPMOOEOYE L 5 RTED-UETYKOSHCHN EEE 100 UETYKOSHCHI UBNPMEFPCH. uFTPIFEMSHUFCHP F-117A RPYMP U NBLUINBMSHOSHCHN FENRPN 8 NBYO CH ZPD.

pDOBLP H FFP CHTENS CH uuut OBYUBMBUSH ZPTVBYUECHULBS "RETEUFTPKLB", Y CHULPTE RPMYFYLY ЪBZPCHPTYMY P VMYЪLPN PLPOYUBOYY "IPMPDOK CHPKOSHCH". tBKHNEEFUS, CH OPCHSHI HUMPCHYSI ABOUT RETCHPE NEUFP UFBMY CHSHIPDYFSH FTEVPCHBOYS LLPOPNYUOPUFY, RTPUFPFSCH LLURMHBFBGYY Y NOPZPZHHOLGIPOBMSHOPUFY BCHYBGIPOOSCHI LPNRMELUPCH. b RP CHUEN LFYN RBTBNEFTBN "OBKFIPL" OBBYUYFEMSHOP RTPYZTSCHCHBM FBLYN UBNPMEFBN, LBL F-15E YMY F-16C. lTPNE FPZP, YITPLPE TBCHETFSHCHCHBOYE H UPCHEFULPN UPAYE ATL OPCHPZP RPLPMEOIS u-ppch, URPVOSHHI PVUFTEMYCHBFSH GEMY U rt DP 0.02 N2 RTY CHAMP L DBMSHOEKYENKH UOYTSEOIA YOFETEUB h. Fenr RTPPYCHPDUFCHB HRBM DP 4, RPFPN 3 NBOO, b RPUMedEK UTEYKOSHCHK UFNPMEF FIRB VSHM RPUFBCHMEO KOLBYULH 12 YAMS 1990 Z. Chuzpe RPUMP RPUMP RPUMP RPUMP PROTECHICH BO3).

OP DBCE CH HTEEBOOPN CHYDE RTPZTBNNB RTYOEUMB ZHITNE "MPLIYD" OBBYUYFEMSHOSHCHE ZHOBOUPCHSCHE, B ZMBCHOPE, RPMYFYYUEULYE DYCHYDEODSHCH. TERHFBGYS ZHJTNSCH LBL UPDBFEMS OBYVPMEE CHSHCHDBAEYIUS UBNPMEFPCH EEE VPMEE PLTERMB. пФДЕМЕОЙЕ "уЛБОЛ хПТЛУ" Й пФДЕМЕОЙЕ БЧЙБГЙПООЩИ УЙУФЕН ччу уыб РПМХЮЙМЙ Ч 1989 З. РТЙЪ тПВЕТФБ лПММШЕ "ъБ ТБЪТБВПФЛХ Й ТБЪЧЕТФЩЧБОЙЕ НБМПЪБНЕФОПЗП УБНПМЕФБ F-117A, НЕОСАЭЕЗП ЧУА ЛПОГЕРГЙА РТПЕЛФЙТПЧБОЙС ВХДХЭЙИ ЧПЕООЩИ УБНПМЕФПЧ Й ЙИ ВПЕЧПЗП ТБЪЧЕТФЩЧБОЙС". UFPYNPUFSH PDOPZP UETIKOPZP UBNPMEFB, RP PZHYGYBMSHOSHCHN DBOOSCHN ABOUT 1990 Z., UPUFBCHYMB 42.6 NMO. USD (RTYNETOP CH FBLHA TSE UHNNH BNETYLBOULYN OBMPZPRMBFEMSHEILBN PVIPDYMUS Y F-15). ABOUT CHUA RTPZTBNNH L FPNKH READ VSCHMP RPFTBYUEOP 6.56 NMTD. USD, YOYI PLPMP 2 NMTD. USD - OB OPLT, 4.27 NMTD. USD - OBBLHRLY Y 295.4 NMO. USD - ABOUT UPODBOYE OBLENOPK YOZHTBUFTHLFHTSCH. h DBMSHOEKYEN (RPUME 1992 Z.) VSCHMP Y'TBUIPDPCHBOP EEE VPMEE 400 NMO. USD ABOUT NPDETOYIBGYA PVPTHDPCHBOYS UPUFPSEYI ABOUT CHPPTKHTSEOYY "UFEMUPH". CHEUSHNB OBLMBDOSCHNY PLBBMYUSH Y NETPRTYSFYS RP PVEUREYUEOYA TETSYNB UELTEFOPUFY: OB YI DPMA RTYYMPUSH 10-15% PVEEK UFPYNPUFY RTPZTBNNSC.

Eumi Churpnefsh, h Lbblere Fenre Dembmus BFPF UBNPMEF I UMHEHEHECHECHBOBOBO RTYYOO about okufhchimy dbmelp dBMELP OPCPPA PVPPTHEFT REMEMOCHEMEIS, RTIFP RTPP RTPP RTIPP rTBCHDB, BNETYLBOGSHCH DMS VMBZPЪCHKHYUYS OBCHBMY FFPF RETNBOEOFOSHCHK RTPGEUU NPDETOYIBGYEK. RETHBS Her ZhBBB OBUBBMBUSH UBZBT TBZBT UTETYKOPZP RTPPYCHPDUFCHB - Part 1984 Z.tuufpsmb h kmuyoye vptfpchikhi LPNRSHAFETPCH, PVUMHTICHBAEI YODILBFPPHECHA, BPPPRIMPFF YFPRIMPFF YFPRIMPFF YFPRIMPF CHOBYUBME OB F-117A YURPMSHЪPCHBMBUSH CHCHUYUMYFEMSHOBS UYUFENB U FTENS LPNRSHAFETBNY M362F ZHITNSCH "DEMLP" U YUFTEVYFEMS F-16, UCHSBOOSHCHNY DHVMYTPCHBOOPK YOPK DBOOSHCHI CH MIL-3DBTFE its ABNEOYMY ABOUT LPNRSHAFETSC bt102 RTPYЪCHPDUFCHB IBM, BOMBMPZYUOSCHE YURPMSHKHENSCHN ABOUT the member "UREKU yBFFM" Y UPPFFCHEFUFCHHAEYE OPCHPNH UFBODBTFH MIL-STD-1750A. ffpf ybz rpchpmm rtyneoyfsh opchsche pvtbgshch chshchuplpfpyuopzp ptkhtsys.

чФПТБС ЖБЪБ НПДЕТОЙЪБГЙЙ, ЙЪЧЕУФОБС ЛБЛ РТПЗТБННБ OCIP (Offensive Combat Improvement Programme - РТПЗТБННБ РПЧЩЫЕОЙС ЬЖЖЕЛФЙЧОПУФЙ Ч ОБУФХРБФЕМШОЩИ ВПЕЧЩИ ДЕКУФЧЙСИ), ТБЪЧЕТОХМБУШ Ч 1987 З. Й УПУФПСМБ Ч РПМОПН РЕТЕУНПФТЕ ЙОЖПТНБГЙПООП-ХРТБЧМСАЭЕЗП РПМС ЛБВЙОЩ РЙМПФБ. ч ЕЗП ТБУРПТСЦЕОЙЕ РЕТЕДБЧБМЙ ФТЙ РПМОПГЧЕФОЩИ НОПЗПЖХОЛГЙПОБМШОЩИ ЙОДЙЛБФПТБ ЖЙТНЩ "иП-ОЙХЬММ" ОБ ЬМЕЛФТПООП-МХЮЕЧЩИ ФТХВЛБИ, УРПУПВОЩИ ПФПВТБЦБФШ ЛБТФЙОЛХ, ЖПТНЙТХЕНХА йл-УФБОГЙСНЙ, Б ФБЛЦЕ ФБЛФЙЮЕУЛХА ПВУФБОПЧЛХ Й ЛБТФХ НЕУФОПУФЙ. вЩМЙ ХУФБОПЧМЕОЩ ФБЛЦЕ РЕТЕДОСС ЧЕТИОСС РБОЕМШ ЧЧПДБ ДБООЩИ, ФТЕИНЕТОБС УЙУФЕНБ ПРФЙНЙЪБГЙЙ ТЕЦЙНПЧ РПМЕФБ, ОПЧЩК ЙОДЙЛБФПТ ОБ ЖПОЕ МПВПЧПЗП УФЕЛМБ ЖЙТНЩ "лБКЪЕТ" Й БЧФПНБФЙЮЕУЛБС УЙУФЕНБ ЧПЪЧТБЭЕОЙС ОБ БЬТПДТПН ВБЪЙТПЧБОЙС RAARS. retchshchk DPTBVPFBOOSCHK FBLYN PVTBYO RPYMP U FENRPN 1 UBNPMEF Ch NEUSG.

FTEFSHS ZHBB, OBYUBCHYBSUS CH 1992 дМС ЬФПЗП ОБ УБНПМЕФ ХУФБОПЧЙМЙ МБЪЕТОЩЕ ЗЙТПУЛПРЩ Й РТЙЕНОЙЛЙ ЗМПВБМШОПК ОБЧЙЗБГЙПООПК УЙУФЕНЩ GPS, Б ФБЛЦЕ ЪБНЕОЙМЙ ДЧЕ йл-УФБОГЙЙ (ЧЕТИОАА -- FLIR Й ОЙЦОАА -DLIR) ОБ ПДОХ ХУПЧЕТЫЕОУФЧПЧБООХА йл-УЙУФЕНХ ПВОБТХЦЕОЙС Й ГЕМЕХЛБЪБОЙС IRADS У ДЧХНС НПЪБЙЮОЩНЙ РТЙЕНОЙЛБНЙ, ТБУРПМПЦЕООЩНЙ ОБ НЕУФБИ РТЕЦОЙИ UFBOHYK. FFB UYUFENB, TBTBVPFBOOBS FPK TSE ZHJTNPK "FELUBU YOUFTHNEOFE", UFP Y BNEOSENSCHE UFBOGYY, PLBBMBUSH OBYVPMEE UMPTSOSCHN LMELFTPOOSCHN LPNRPOEOPFPN F-117A. рТЙ ЕЕ ПФТБВПФЛЕ ЧУФТЕФЙМУС ТСД ФТХДОПУФЕК, Ч ФПН ЮЙУМЕ ПВЕУРЕЮЕОЙС ЛБЮЕУФЧБ Й УФБВЙМШОПУФЙ ЙЪПВТБЦЕОЙС, ДПУФЙЦЕОЙС ФТЕВХЕНПК УЛПТПУФЙ ТБЪЧПТПФБ ДБФЮЙЛПЧ, УОЙЦЕОЙС ХТПЧОС РПНЕИ, РЕТЕДБЮЙ ГЕМЙ ОБ УПРТПЧПЦДЕОЙЕ У РТЙЕНОЙЛБ РЕТЕДОЕЗП ПВЪПТБ ОБ РТЙЕНОЙЛ ОЙЦОЕЗП ПВЪПТБ Й Ф.Д. BDBYUB PUMPTSOSMBUSH UHVYAELFYCHOPUFSHHA CHPURTYSFYS IL-YЪPVTBTSEOIK MEFUYLBNY: FP, UFP LBBMPUSH PDOIN HDPCHMEFCHPTYFEMSHOSCHN, VSCHMP UCHTEYOOP OERTYENMENP DMS DTHZYI. CHEEEIE ZPDB VShShchmp Cheshrpmiap 100 yurshfbfmshchiki RPMEFPC, OP PLPOUBPHEMSHOP Feiyuyuyuyuye RTPVMYSHMYSHESH TAMISH RPUMPIPSHBPCHIS. ч ИПДЕ ТБВПФЩ РТЙЫМПУШ ПФЛБЪБФШУС ПФ ЬМЕЛФТПООПК УЙОИТПОЙЪБГЙЙ ТБЪЧПТПФБ РТЙЕНОЙЛПЧ Ч РПМШЪХ НЕИБОЙЮЕУЛПК УЙУФЕНЩ, ЛПФПТБС ПЛБЪБМБУШ ВПМЕЕ ОБДЕЦОПК Й ПВЕУРЕЮЙМБ РЕТЕДБЮХ ГЕМЙ ОБ УПРТПЧПЦДЕОЙЕ У ПДОПЗП РТЙЕНОЙЛБ ОБ ДТХЗПК ВЕЪ ПРБУОПУФЙ УТЩЧБ. тБВПФПУРПУПВОПУФШ УЙУФЕНЩ IRADS УПИТБОСЕФУС ДБЦЕ РТЙ ВПНВПНЕФБОЙЙ У ЛБВТЙТПЧБОЙС РПУМЕ ЧЩИПДБ ЙЪ РЙЛЙТПЧБОЙС, ЛПЗДБ РТПЙУИПДЙФ НОПЗПЛТБФОБС РЕТЕДБЮБ ГЕМЙ НЕЦДХ РТЙЕНОЙЛБНЙ, Й РТЙ ВПНВПНЕФБОЙЙ У ЛТХФПЗП ЛБВТЙТПЧБОЙС У НБМЩИ ЧЩУПФ У РЕТЕЗТХЪЛБНЙ ДП 4Д.

OP IBTBLFET CHSHCHRPMOSENSCHI ABOUT F-117A TBVPF PRTDEEMSEFUS OE FPMSHLP BVUFTBLFOSHCHNY RMBOBNY LPNBODPCHBOYS, YUBUFP UBNB TSYOSH RPDULBSHCHCHBEF LPOLTEFOSHCHE OBRTBCHMEOYS DCHYTSEOIS. fBL, RP TEEKHMSHFBFBN CHPKOSHCH H BLMYCHE VSCHMP HCHEMYYUEOP VSHCHUFTPDEKUFCHIE Y ENLPUFSH RBNSFY UYUFENSCH RMBOITCHBOYS YBDBOYS, B FBLTS NPDETOYYTPCHBOB UYUFENB UCHSHY. UBNPMEF PUOBUFYMY BCHFPNBFPN FSZY, PVEUREYUYCHBAEYN CHP-NPTSOPUFSH RPMEFB OBD GEMSHHA U BCHFPNBFYUEULYN CHSHCHDETSYCHBOYEN RPUFPSOOPK ULTPUFY. ч 1999 З. ччу уыб РТЙУФХРЙМЙ Л ТЕБМЙЪБГЙЙ РТПЗТБННЩ SCR РТЕДХУНБФТЙЧБАЭЕК ЪБНЕОХ ТБДЙПРПЗМПЭБАЭЙИ РПЛТЩФЙК, ЧЩРПМОЕООЩИ РП "ПВПКОПК" ФЕИОПМПЗЙЙ, ОБ РПЛТЩФЙС, ОБОЕУЕООЩЕ НЕФПДПН ОБРЩМЕОЙС У РПНПЭША ТПВПФЙЪЙТПЧБООЩИ ХУФБОПЧПЛ, У ЧЩУПЛПК ФПЮОПУФША ЧЩДЕТЦЙЧБАЭЙИ ФПМЭЙОХ УМПЕЧ. RETCHSHCHK UBNPMEF U FBLIN RPLTSCHFYEN VSCM RETEDBO chchu Ch PLFSVTE 1999 Z., B L 2005 Z. RTEDHUNBFTYCHBEFUS RETELTBUIFSH CHEUSH RBTL "obkfiplch". LBL CHYDYN, BNETYLBOGSC HDEMSAF UCHPYN "UFEMUBN" RPUFPSOOPE CHOYNBOYE Y UVBTBAFUS RPDDETSYCHBFSH LFY DCHBDGBFYMEFOYE NBYYOSCH ABOUT CHRPMOE UPCTENEOOOPN HTPCHOE.

рЕТЧПОБЮБМШОЩЕ РМБОЩ РТЕДХУНБФТЙЧБМЙ ТБЪЧЕТФЩЧБОЙЕ ПДОПК ЬУЛБДТЙМШЙ "оБКФИПЛПЧ" Ч чЕМЙЛПВТЙФБОЙЙ, ДМС ЙУРПМШЪПЧБОЙС ОБ ЕЧТПРЕКУЛПН Й ВМЙЦОЕЧПУФПЮОПН фчд, ДТХЗПК - Ч аЦОПК лПТЕЕ, ДМС ДЕКУФЧЙК Ч БЪЙБФУЛП-ФЙИППЛЕБОУЛПН ТЕЗЙПОЕ. ftEFSHA YULBDTYMSHA - FTEOYTPCHPYUOKHA Y TEJETCHOKHA, RTEDPMBZBMPUSH VBYTPCHBFSH OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP ABOUT FETTYFPTYY uyb. pDOBLP TETSYN UELTEFOPUFY CH RTPZTBNNE F-117A VSCM UFPMSh UYMEO, YUFP TBNEUFYFSH LFY NBYYOSCH OB LBLPK-MYVP YЪ DEKUFCHHAEYI BCHYBVB, FEN VPMEE ЪB RTEDEMBOY UFTBOY UPPCHBOSHCH, BNETYLBOSHCH. uFPVSH DP RPTSCH ULTSCHFSH "UFEMUSH" PF RPUFPTPOOII ZMB, VSCHMP RTYOSFP TEYOYE PTZBOY'PCHBFSH OPCHHA VBH. NEUFP DMS OEE VSHMP CHSHCHVTBOP CH RHUFSHCHOOOPK NEUFOPUFY YFBFB oechbdb, ZDE TBOSHIE OBIPDYMUS GEOPHT BTPDYOBNYUEULYI YURSHCHFBOIK SDETOPZP PTHTSYS. vMYTSBKYYN OBUEMEOOSCHN RHOLFPN VSHMP NEUFEYULP fPOPRB. chBTSOHA TPMSh H FFPN CHSHCHVPTE USCZTBMB VMYЪPUFSH PVYTOPZP, IPTPYP PVPTKHDPCHBOOPZP Y FTHDOPDPUFKHROPZP DMS RPUFPTPOOYI OBVMADBFEMEK RPMYZPOB BCHYBVBSHCH oEMMYU. дМС ЬЛУРМХБФБГЙЙ НБМПЪБНЕФОЩИ УБНПМЕФПЧ БЬТПДТПН ГЕОФТБ ВЩМ РПМОПУФША ТЕЛПОУФТХЙТПЧБО - ХДМЙОЕОЩ чрр Й ТХМЕЦОЩЕ ДПТПЦЛЙ, РПУФТПЕО ОПЧЩК лдр, Б ЗМБЧОПЕ - ЧПЪДЧЙЗОХФЩ УРЕГЙБМШОЩЕ БОЗБТЩ ДМС ИТБОЕОЙС ЧЕУШНБ ОЕЦОЩИ УБНПМЕФПЧ-"ОЕЧЙДЙНПЛ". LFY TBVPFSCH OBYUBMYUSH CH 1980 ZPDKh.

fPZDB TSE CH IPDE DPCHPMSHOP UMPTSOPK RTPGEDHTSCH VSCHMY PFPVTBOSH Y RETCHSHCHE RYMPFSCH "OBKFIPLCH". l LFPNKh NPNEOFKh LBTSDShK Yb OYI YNEM HTS OE NEOEE 1000 UBUCH OBMEFB ABOUT TEBLFYCHOSHI UBNPMEFBI, CH PUOPCHOPN, ABOUT F-4, F-111 Y b-10. rETCHPK ЪBDBYuEK ZTHRRSC UFBMB TBTBVPFLB RTPZTBNNSC FTEOYTPCHPYUOSCHI RPMEFPCH ABOUT "UFEMUE" U HYUEFPN OEPVSHCHUOPUFY FFPZP UBNPMEFB Y PFUHFUFCHYS "URBTLY". дПРПМОЙФЕМШОЩЕ УМПЦОПУФЙ Ч ПУЧПЕОЙЙ F-117A ПЦЙДБМЙУШ РП РТЙЮЙОЕ ЕЗП РПЧЩЫЕООЩИ ЧЪМЕФОП-РПУБДПЮОЩИ УЛПТПУФЕК, Б ФБЛЦЕ ЧЧЙДХ ФПЗП, ЮФП ЧУЕ РПМЕФЩ, ЧЛМАЮБС РЕТЧЩК, ЙЪ УППВТБЦЕОЙК УЕЛТЕФОПУФЙ РТЕДРЙУЩЧБМПУШ ЧЩРПМОСФШ Ч ФЕНОПЕ ЧТЕНС УХФПЛ. h BCHZHUFE 1982 Z. Ch fPOPRB RTYVSHCHM RETCHSHCHK "obkfipl", Y DMS RETUPOMBMB VBSHCH, OE ZPCHPTS HCE RTP RYMPFCH, DEOSH Y OPYUSH RPNEOSMYUSH NEUFBNY. LBCDSCHK MEFUYL YEFSCHTE OPYUY CH OEDEMA RPDOYNBMUS CH OEVP OECHBDSC, CHSHCHRPMOSS RP DCHB-FTY 90-NYOKHFOSHCHI RPMEFB OB OPYUSH, Y MYYSH U RPOEDEMSHOYLB OB CHFPTOIL DPRHULBMUS PYO CHSHCHMEF. CHUS VPECBS RPDZPFPCHLB, RP UHFY, UCHPDYMBUSH L PFTBVPFLE EDYOUFCHEOOOPK BDBYUY: RTPLTBUFSHUS CH CHPDHYOPE RTPUFTBOUFCHP RTPFYCHOYLB, PVOBTKHTSYFSH RMBOPCHHA GEMSH Y HMPTSYFSHVCH OEBE WE. DMS FTEOYTPCHLY MEFUYLPC-"UFEMUYUFPC" H DOECHOSCHI HUMPCHYSI PTZBOYPCHBMY RPMEFSHCH ABOUT YFHTNPCHILBI b-7 "lPTUBT-2", OBYVPMEE RPIPTSYI ABOUT F-117A RP RYMPFBTSOCHN IBTBLFETYUFYLBN. uFPMSh OBRTTSEOOBS HYUEVB CHULPTE DBMB TEEKHMSHFBF: 26 PLFSVTS 1983

yN UFBMB UREGYBMSHOP UZHPTNYTPCHBOOBS 4450-S FBLFYUEULBS BCHYBZTHRRB (4450th TG - Tactical Group), SB RYMPFBNY LPFPTPK UTBH BLTERYMPUSH TPNBOFYUEULPE RTPЪCHYEE UFBMLEET "OPYUSCHEO". Ch Uchsy at the TPUFPN Yuyumoopufy F-117b Miyuopzp Upufbchb 5 Plfsvts 1989 Z. Ztkhrkh Retezhptnytpchbme h 37th fbbyulpe Yuftevifemshop LTSMP "ufemupch" ICHBFYMP OB 3 ULBDTYMSHY: DCHE VPECSHCHE - 415-A Y 416-A (415th TFS TH 416th TFS - Tactical Fighter Squadron), a FBLCE PDOH HYUEVOP-VPECHA - 417-A (417th TFTS - Tactical Fighter Training Squadron). RTYUCHPYCH RPDTBDEMEOYSN YNEOOP LFY OPNETB, LPNBODPCHBOYE hchu UFTENIMPUSH RPDYUETLOHFSH RTEENUFCHEOOPUFSH RPLPMEOYK YI OPUIMY ULBDTYMSHY BNETYLBOULYI OPYOSHI YUFTEVYFEMEK CHFPTPTPCHKOPDB. пДОБЛП ДБЦЕ ОБ ЬФПК РБФТЙПФЙЮЕУЛПК ЧПМОЕ РЕТЕЙНЕОПЧБОЙС ОЕ ЪБЛПОЮЙМЙУШ - 9 НБС 1992 З. ЮБУФШ ОБЪЧБМЙ 49-Н ЙУФТЕВЙФЕМШОЩН ЛТЩМПН (49th Fighter Wing), УПИТБОЙЧ ЕЕ ФТЕИЬУЛБДТЙМШОХА УФТХЛФХТХ (7th, 8th Й 9th Squadrons). h LBCDSCHK NPNEOF READING CH VPECHSCHI ULBDTYMSHSI OBUYUYFSCCHBMPUSH OE NEOEE 18 "OBKFIPLPC", CH HYUEVOPK - PF 6 DP 10, EEE 10-11 NBYYO, LBL RTBCHYMP, RTEVSCHCHBMY ABOUT FTSEMSHCHI DPTNBI FEIPVBU. pDOBLP CH LBTsDPK YULBDTYMSHE MYYSH 5 YMYY 6 UBNPMEFPCH UYUYFBMYUSH RPUFPSOOP ZPFPCHSHCHNY L CHSHCHRPMOEOOYA VPECHSCHI BDBOIK. PUFBMSHOSHCHE CH UMHYUBE PYASCHMEOYS RETYPDB HZTPBSHCH DPMTSOSCH VSHCHMY VSHFSH RTYCHEDEOSCH H FFP UPUFPSOYE CH FEYEOOYE 2-3 UHFPL.

rPYUFY CHUE YFP CHTENS CHPLTHZ "UFEMUCH" OE PUMBVECHBM UFTPZYK TETSYN UELTEFOPUFY. IPFS fPOPRB VSCHMB PDOPK Y OBYVPMEE PITBOSENSCHI VB hchu, FBN RTEDRTYOYNBMYUSH DPPMOYFEMSHOSHCHE, RPYUFYOE DTBLPOPCHULYE NETSHCH, YUFPVSCH ULTSCHFSH RTBCDH P "OECHYDYNLBI". RTY LFPN BNETYLBOULYE TETSYNEILY YUBUFP RTBLFILPCHBMY CHEUSHNB PUFTPHNOSHCHE TEYOYOS. FBB, YuFPVSH PFRHZOKHFSh RTBIDOSHYA "Mavifemek Bchibgyy" Yu Yuumb Retupobmbs, about F-117a Oregibmzhnya FTBZHBTEFSHSH FIRB "Uyufenb Pimbzdeys", Tbdibgys "Yuly" Yubztye "Yubza" Yulet " obdp UPZMBUIFSHUS, YuFP ABOUT UBNPMEFE U FBLPK CHOEYOPUFSHHA SING CHPCHUE OE CHCHZMSDEMY RTYFSOHFSHCHNY BY HYY. pDOBLP OYYUEZP CHEUOPZP RPD mHOPK HCE DBCHOP OEF, Y REMEOB UELTEFOPUFY CHPLTHZ "UFEMUCH" RPUFEREOOP FPCE UVBMB URBDBFSH. h BRTEME 1990 Z. UPUFPSMBUSH DBCE RHVMYUOBS DENPOUFTBGYS "OBKFIPLB", UFP VSCHMP UCHSBOP U OBUBMPN EZP RPMEFPCH DOEN, LPZDB HTS CHUE TBCHOP OECHPЪNPTSOP VSCHMP ULTSCHFSH EZP ZHPTNSCH. оП ЗМБЧОПК РТЙЮЙОПК ЧОЕЪБРОПЗП РТЙМЙЧБ ПФЛТПЧЕООПУФЙ УФБМП УФТЕНМЕОЙЕ БНЕТЙЛБОУЛПЗП ЛПНБОДПЧБОЙС РТПДЕНПОУФТЙТПЧБФШ ПВЭЕУФЧЕООПУФЙ ТЕЪХМШФБФЩ ПДОПК УЕЛТЕФОПК РТПЗТБННЩ, ЮФПВЩ ДПЛБЪБФШ ОЕПВИПДЙНПУФШ ЖЙОБОУЙТПЧБОЙС ДТХЗЙИ.

rPUME CHSHCHIPDB CH UCHEF, F.E. AT OBYUBMB DOECHOSCHI RPMEFPCH, RTPZTBNNB VPECHPK RPDZPPFPCHLY "UFEMUYUFCH" RTBLFYUEULY YЪNEOYMBUSH NBMP. CHUE TBCHOP UCHPY ZMBCHOSCHE ЪBDBYuY FFPNH UBNPMEFH RTEDUFPSMP TEYBFSH OPYUSHA. tBCHE UFP OEULPMSHLP NEOEE PUFTPK UFBMB RTPVMENB PFUKHFUFCHYS "URBTLY". FERETSH RTY RETCHSHI CHSHCHMEFBI OBJOYOBAEZP MEFUYLB EZP YOUFTHLFPT MEFEEM TSDPN CH DCHINEUFOPN HYUEVOP-FTEOYTPCHPYUOPN UBNPMEFE f-38, RPDDETSYCHBS U OIN RPUFPSOOKHA TBDYPUCHSHSH.

lPOEYUOP, CHYD F-117A RPTBBYM NYTPCHPE BCHYBGYPOOPE UPPVEEUFCHP. ON UFBM YUKHFSH MY OE UBNSCHN DETALYN CHSHCHCHPN FTBDYGYPOOSCHN RPOSFISN BYTPDYOBNYLY OB CHUA YUFPTYA RPMEFPCH YuEMPCHELB. th BNETYLBOGSHCHOE VSCHMY VSHCH UPVPK, EUMY VSCHOE YURPMSHЪPCHBMY FFPF YPL "OB CHUE UFP". sing ChPЪMPTSYMY ABOUT "UFP UENOBDGBFSHKK" PFCHEFUFCHEOOHA TPMSh HVEDIFEMSHOPZP RTYNETB FEIOPMPZYUEULPZP RTCHPUIPDUFCHB uyb OBD PUFBMSHOSHCHN NYTPN, Y DMS DPLBFEMSHUFCHB TSEMYZUP FEMEBE. "OBKFIPL" RPMHYUYM RPUFPSOOKHA RTPRYULKH ABOUT PVMPTSLBI TSHTOBMPCH, UFBM ZETPEN LTHFSHCHI VPECHYLPCH Y CHEODPK NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHI BCHYBYPH.

p RPFETSI "UFEMUCH" CH IPDE LLURMHBFBGYY DPUFPCHETOSHCHI DBOOSCHI NBMP, Y UCHSBOP LFP, RTETSDE CHUEZP, U PVEEK UELTEFOPUFSHHA RTPZTBNNSC. rTPCHEUFY CE RPMOSHCHK UPVUF CHEOOSHCHK BOBMY RTBLFYUEULY OECHPЪNPTSOP, F.L. BNETYLBOGSC FEBFEMSHOP ULTSCHCHBAF LPMYUEUFCHP PUFBCHYIUS CH UFTPA UBNPMEFPCH.

фЕН ОЕ НЕОЕЕ, ЧУЕ ЙУФПЮОЙЛЙ УИПДСФУС Ч ФПН, ЮФП РЕТЧБС НБЫЙОБ ТБЪВЙМБУШ 20 БРТЕМС 1982 З., РТЙЮЕН, ЬФП ВЩМ РЕТЧЩК УЕТЙКОЩК УБНПМЕФ (ИЧПУФПЧПК ОПНЕТ 785), ОБ ЛПФПТПН УФТПЕЧПК МЕФЮЙЛ ЧЩРПМОСМ ПДЙО ЙЪ РПУМЕДОЙИ РТЙЕНПЮОЩИ РПМЕФПЧ. UPVUFCHEOOP, L FPNKh NPNEOFKH UBNPMEF RTYENLH HCE RTPIYEM, OP LBL TB OBLBOHOE EZP RETEDBYUY chchu YOTSEOOETSC "MPLIYD" TEYMYMY CHOEUFY OELPFPTSCHE YЪNEEOOYS CH LPNRMELFBGYA PVPTHDPCHBOYS. h RTPGEUUE TBVPF LPNRSHAFET PVTBVPFLY CHPDHYOSCHI UYZOBMPCH VSCHM RETENEEEO ABOUT OPCHPE NEUFP, RTY LFPN OCHSHCHE LMELFTYUEULIE UPEDYOEOYS VSCHMY CHSHCHRPMOOSCH OERTBCHYMSHOP. UBNPMEF RPFETSM HRTBCHMEOYE UTBYKH RPUME PFTSCHCHB, RETECHETOHMUS ABOUT URYOKH, HRBM ABOUT ENMA Y IBZPTEMUS. RPDPURECHEYE URBUBFEMY RPFHYYMY PZPOSH Y Y'CHMELMMY RYMPFB, LPFPTSCHK RPUME LFPZP RTCHEM H ZPURYFBMSI CHPUENSH NEUSGECH. YOFETEUOSCHK OABOU - RPULPMSHLH CHYOB "MPLIYDB" Y chhu Ch FFPN YOGYDEOFE VSCHMB DPLBBEBOB, POI RPLTSCHMY TBUIPPDSH OB MEYUEOYE RYMPFB, B FFP 700 FSHUSYU USD!

OPYUSHA 11 YAOS 1986 Z. ABOUT 32 NYOHFE RPMEFB CHTEBMUS CH FOURTH ZPTSCH CHPUSHNPK UETYKOSHCHK F-117A (ICHPUFPPK No. 792), RYMPF RPZYV. rTYUYOB LBFBUFTPZHSC PUFBMBUSH OECHSCHSUOEOOOPK, YCHEUFOP MYYSH, UFP RETED RPMEFPN MEFUYL TsBMPCHBMUS ABOUT KHUFBMPUFSH. FTEFYK "UFEME" FBLTS VSHCHM RPFETSO CH TEEKHMSHFBFE UFPMLOPCHEOYS U ENMEK. FP RTPYY'PYMP U 31 UETYKOSHCHN UBNPMEFPN (ICHPUFPPK No. 815) OPYUSHA 14 PLFSVTS 1987 Z. ABOUT RPMYZPOE BCHYBVBSHCH oEMMYU. LBL Y CH RTEDSHCHDKHEEN UMHYUBE, MEFUYL OE UDEMBM RPRSHCHFLY LBFBRHMSHFYTPCHBFSHUS, B UBNPMEF PLBBMUS RPMOPUFSHHA TBTHYEO. about FFPF TB ChPЪNPTSOPK RTYUYOPK RTPYUYEUFCHYS OBCHBMY RPFETA RYMPFPN PTYEOFYTPCHLY - OPYUSH VSCHMB PUPVEOOP FENOPC. 4 BCHZHUFB 1992 Z. H TEEKHMSHFBFE RPTSBT VSHMB RPFETSOB 18-S UETYKOBS NBYYOB (ICHPUFPPK No. 802). 14 UEOFSVTS 1997 Z. CH IPDE BCHYBYPH OERPDBMELH PF vBMFYNPTB, YFBF nTYMEOD, X PDOPZP Yb F-117A CH RPMEFE TBTHYIMPUSH LTSCHMP. UBNPMEF THIOKHM OB ENMA, TBOICH 6 YUEMPCHEL. rYMPF UHNEM LBFBRHMSHFYTPCHBFSHUS. yNEAFUS DBOOSCHE, UFP CHUEZP DP UETEDYOSCH 1999 Z. U MEFOPC LLURMHBFBGYY UOSMY DECHSFSH F-117A, CHLMAYUBS OEULPMSHLP RP CHSCHTBVPFLE TEUKHTUB. lTPNE FPZP, RP PZHYGYBMSHOSHCHN DBOOSCHN - PDOB, RP DBOOSCHN OEBCHYUYNSCHI YUFPYUOILPCH - YEFSCHTE NBYYOSCH VSCHMY RPFETSOSCH CH IPDE VPECHSHI DEKUFCHYK. DCHB "OBKFIPLB" YY YUYUMB RTEDUETYKOSCHI UBNPMEFPCH HUFBOCHMEOSCH ABOUT RPUFBNEOFSH RTY CHYAEDDBI ABOUT BCHYBVBSHCH oEMMYU Y tBKF-rBFFETUPO.

UMEDHEF RTYOBFSH, UFP L NPNEOFKH UCHPEZP UPDBOYS "OBKFIPL" DECUFCHYFEMSHOP SCHMSMUS ZTPPOSHCHN VPECHSHCHN UTEDUFCHPN, RTEDOBYEOOSCHN DMS TEYOYS LPOLTEFOSHCHI BDBYU CH LPOLTEFOPC PVUFBOCHLE. bNETYLBOULYE BCHYBUFTPIFEMY UHNEMY UPDBFSH EZP CH LTBFYUBKYE UTPLY, UPITBOYCH RTY LFPN CHSHCHUPYUBKYHA UELTEFOPUFSH TBVPF. h FEYUEOYE OEULPMSHLYI MEF LFB "OECHYDYNLB" CH UBNPN DEME PUFBCHBMBUSH OECHYDYNPK DMS UPCHEFULPZP UPAB, LYFBS Y DTHZYI RPFEOGYBMSHOSHCHI RTPFYCHOYLPCH uyb. pDOBLP, LBL MAVPE HЪLPUREGYBMYYTPCHBOOPE YЪDEMYE, F-117A VSCHUFTP HUFBTEM RPUME FPZP, LBL YЪNEOYMYUSH HUMPCHYS, DMS DEKUFCHYK CH LPFPTSCHI ON UPDBCHBMUS. tBCHYFYE UTEDUFCH PVOBTHTSEOIS MEFBFEMSHOSHCHI BRRBTBFPCH, CH F.Yu. PUOPCHBOOSCHI ABOUT OPCHSCHI ZHYYYYUEULYI RTYOGYRBI, UDEMBMP EZP OECHYDYNPUFSH CHEUSHNB PFOPUYFEMSHOPK. b CHPF OEDPUFBFLY UBNPMEFB PLBBMYUSH BVUPMAFOSHCHNY. LBL RPLBBMP CHTENS, UBNB YDES UBNPMEFB, CH LPOUFTHLGYY LPFPTPZP "CHSHCHRSYUYCHBEFUUS" LBLPE-MYVP PDOP LBYEUFCHP (CH DBOOPN UMHYUBE - NBMBS rt) CH HEETV DTKHZYN, PLBЪBTURMELFY VECHUREBUSH. рПУФТПЙЧ ЧУЕЗП 20 ЬЛЪЕНРМСТПЧ "УФЕМУПЧ" ФТЕФШЕЗП РПЛПМЕОЙС - УФТБФЕЗЙЮЕУЛЙИ ВПНВБТДЙТПЧЭЙЛПЧ ч-2 "уРЙТЙФ", БНЕТЙЛБОГЩ ЧЪСМЙ ЛХТУ ОБ ТБЪТБВПФЛХ ВПМЕЕ ЗБТНПОЙЮОЩИ НБЫЙО (F-22, JSF) Ч ЛПФПТЩИ ФТЕВПЧБОЙЕ НБМПК ЪБНЕФОПУФЙ ХЦЕ ОЕ СЧМСЕФУС ДПНЙОЙТХАЭЙН, ИПФС Й ПУФБЕФУС ПДОЙН ЙЪ ЛМАЮЕЧЩИ . bNEFYN, UFP Y ABOUT TPUUYKULYI UBNPMEFBI RSFPZP RPLPMEOYS - nzhy, u-37 Y DT. - TEBMYEKHEFUS FPF CE RPDIPD.

ChPNPTSOP, YNEOOP RP RTYUYOE "PDOPVPLPUFY" PUFBMYUSH OETEBMYЪPCHBOOSCHNY NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHE RTPELFSHCH NPDETOYIBGYY "OBKFIPLB" CH YOFETEUBI chchu Y chnu uyb. фБЛ, Ч 1993 З. РПУМЕ ЪБЛТЩФЙС РТПЗТБННЩ НБМПЪБНЕФОПЗП РБМХВОПЗП ЫФХТНПЧЙЛБ-ВПНВБТДЙТПЧЭЙЛБ б-12 "бЧЕОДЦЕТ" ЖЙТНБ "мПЛИЙД" Ч ЙОЙГЙБФЙЧОПН РПТСДЛЕ РТПТБВПФБМБ РТПЕЛФ РБМХВОПЗП ВПНВБТДЙТПЧЭЙЛБ F-117N "уЙИПЛ" Ч ЛБЮЕУФЧЕ "РЕТЕИПДОПЗП" УБНПМЕФБ, РТЙЪЧБООПЗП ЪБРПМОЙФШ РТПВЕМ НЕЦДХ ВЩУФТП УФБТЕАЭЙН RBMHVOSCHN YFHTNPCHILPN b-6e "YOFTHDET" Y RETURELFYCHOSCHN JSF. rTPELF RTEDHUNBFTYCHBM, CH YUBUFOPUFY, PUOBUFYFSH F-117 pDOBLP LFB TBVPFB OE RPMHYUYMB RPDDETTSLY LPNBODPCHBOYS chnu uyb. OE YNEMY TBCHYFIS Y DTHZYE YOYGYBFYCHOSHE RTPELFSHCH "MPLIYD" - RBMHVOSHCHK YFHTNPCHYL-VPNVBTDYTPCHEYL A / F-117i, FBLFYUEULYK VPNVBTDYTPCHEYL F-117B. h UETEDYOE 1990-I ZZ. NPDB ABOUT FEIOPMPZYA "UFEME" Ch uyb ​​RPYMB ABOUT HVSHCHMSH, Y REOFBZPO RTPDPMTSYM BLKHRLY IPTPYP OBTELPNEODPCHBCHYI UEVS PVSCHUOSCHI FBLFYUEULYI UBNPMEFPCH F-15E, F-16C/D, F/D-A.

PRYUBOYE LPOUFTHLGYY.

ZHAJEMSC - RPMHNPOPLPPCHPK LPOUFTHLGYY, UPUFPYF Y FTEI UELGYK: OPUPCHPK, GEOFTTBMSHOPK Y ICHPUFCHPK. oPUCHBS UPDETCYF RETEDOIK Y BLBVIOOSCHK PFUEL PVPTHDPCHBOYS, LBVYOH Y OYYH RETEDOEK PRPTSCH YBUUY. h RETEDOEN PFUELE HUFBOPCMEOB LMELFTPOOBS BRRBTBFHTB LMELFTPDYUFBOGIPOOPK UYUFENSCH HRTBCHMEOYS RPMEFPN Y PRFILP-LMELFTPOOSCHE UFBOGIY RTYGEMSHOP-OBCHYZBGYPOOPZP LPNRMELUB IRADS. CHRETEDY OPUPCHPK UELGIY TBURPMPTSEOSHCH YEFSCHTE IFBOZY RTIENOILPCH CHPDHYOPZP DBCHMEOYS.

Ch TBKPOE RETSH IBUUI YENEFUS Oyyb, in the site of Tberebefus FHEMSH near DBFILPN yl-ufbogi Retededp PVPTB OITOKO RPMHUTECH (TBVPFBEAK CHEZHTBUPN DIBRBPETE) Y I. OYYB BLTSCHFB UEFYUBFSHCHN RTPBYUOSCHN LMELFTPRTPCHPDSEIN LTBOPN, OE RTPRHULBAEIN tm-YMKHYUEOYE, OP UCHPPVPDOP RTPRHULBAEYN YMKHYUEOYE CH IL-DYBRBPOOE.

LTBO LTERYFUS U RPNPESH OBLMBDLY RYMPPVTBOPK ZHPTNSCH RP RETYNEFTH DMS TBUUEYCHBOYS RTYIPDSEEZP TBDYPMPLBGYPOOPZP YЪMHYUEOYS tmu RTPFYCHOYLB.

оЕРПУТЕДУФЧЕООП РПД МПВПЧЩН УФЕЛМПН ЖПОБТС ОБИПДЙФУС ОЙЫБ, Ч ЛПФПТПК РПД ФБЛЙН ЦЕ ЬМЕЛФТПРТПЧПДСЭЙН ЬЛТБОПН - ФХТЕМШ У ДБФЮЙЛПН йл-УЙУФЕНЩ РЕТЕДОЕЗП ПВЪПТБ Ч ЧЕТИОЕК РПМХУЖЕТЕ Й У МБЪЕТОЩН ДБМШОПНЕТПН-ГЕМЕХЛБЪБФЕМЕН.

zhPOBTSH LBVYOSCH - RPYUFY FTEIZTBOOOPK ZHPTNSCH, OP U CHLMAYEOOYEN PYUEOSH HЪLPZP MPVCHPZP UFELMMB, HUFBOCHMEOOPZP (U HUEFPN ChPNPTSOSCHI PFTBTSEOIK) U VPMSHYN OBLMPOPN. DMS HNEOSHYOYOS UPUFBCHMSAEEK lt PF LBVYOSCH PUFELMEOYE ZHPOBTS YNEEF NOPZPUMPKOPE NEFBMMYYTPCHBOOPE PFTBTSBAEEEE RPLTSCHFYE.

h GEOPTBMSHOPPK UELGYY TBURPMPTSEOSHCH CHPDHIPBVPTOYLY U CHPDHHYOSCHN LBOBMPN, DCHYZBFEMY, PFUEL CHPPTKhTSEOIS, ZHAEMSTSOCHE FPRMYCHOSCHE VBLY YOYY ZMBCHOSHI PRPT YBUUY. UYMPCHBS UIENB UELGYY CHLMAYUBEF OEULPMSHLP YITPLYI GEMSHOPLPCHBOSCHI YRBOSPHFPCH.

ChPDHIPBVPTOYLY OBIPDSFUS RPBDY LBVYOSCH OBD LTSCHMPN Y YNEAF RTSNPHZPMSHOHA ZHPTNKH U LPUSHN UTEEPN CHIPDB Y RPRETEYUOSCHNY RETEZPTPDLBNY. RTY PVMHYUEOYY UBNPMEFB WOYJH CH RETEDOEK RPMHUZHETE POY LTBOITHAFUS LTSCHMPN. ChPDHIPBVPTOYL RPUFPSOOP BLTSCHFSCH FPOLPUFEOOOSCHNY TEYEFFLBNY U NEMLYNY SUEEKLBNY Y LPNRPYGYPOOPZP NBFETYBMB, PVMBDBAEEZP TBDYPRPZMPEBAEYN UCHPKUFCHPN. obmyuye fbliyi teyyefpl pveureyuychbef lltboytpchboye MPRBFPL LPNRTEUUPTB DCHYZBFEMS, RTY LFPN Y’mhyueoye tmu Yubufyuop rpzmpebefus, B Yubufyuop tbuueychbefus Chplthz teyeffly chpokhdby.

chPDHIPBVPTOYLY PVPTKHDPCHBOSChCHNS UFCHPTTLBNY DPRPMOYFEMSHOPZP ЪBVPTB CHPDHIB. sing TBURPMPTSEOSHCH CHETIOEK YUBUFY CHPDHYOPZP LBOBMB Y PFLTSCHCHBAFUS CHOHFTSH RTY NBMSCHI ULTPUFSI RPMEFB, THMETSLE, B FBLTS RTY VPMSHYI HZMBI BFBLY UBNPMEFB. ABOUT CHIPDE CH CHPDHIPBVPTOYLY YUBUFSH RPFPLB IPMPDOPZP CHPDHIB PFDEMSEFUS. RTPIPDS YUETE LBOBMSCH CHDPMSH DCHYZBFEMS, -ZHPTNYTHAEYE TSELFPT, POB RPRBDBEF RTSNP CH YYTPLIE RMPULYE CHSHCHIPDOSHCHE UPRB, ZDE UNEYYCHBEFUS U ZPTSUYNY ZBBNY Y YUBUFYUOP PIMBTsDBEF YUBUFYUOP PIMBTsDBEF YU.

iCHPUFPCBS UELGYS CHLMAYUBEF CH UEVS YYTPLIE RMPULYE CHSHCHIPDOSHCHE UPMB, OYY FPTNP'OPZP RBTBYAFB Y RPUBDPYuOPZP LTALB. fBN TSE TBNEEBEFUS PVPTKHDPCHBOYE TBDYPMELFTPOOPZP RTPFYCHPDEKUFCHYS Y LTERYFUS V-PVTBOPE ICHPUFPPCHPE PRETEOYE.

CHOCHPROSHECHECHECH INENEAF h Uyuyoy ReteneoShchk RTPZHYMSh, Yi Zhptnb Yneosephus pf gimyodtyuyuulpk (Utbkh chyzbphemen) dpyopk about 12 lbobmpchs ьФП "ХФЛПОПУПЧ" ХУФТПКУФЧП ЪБЛБОЮЙЧБЕФУС ЧЩДБАЭЕКУС ОБЪБД Й РТЙРПДОСФПК ОЙЦОЕК ЛТПНЛПК ЙЪ ФЙФБОПЧПЗП УРМБЧБ, ПВМЙГПЧБООПК ФЕТНПУФПКЛЙНЙ ЛЕТБНЙЮЕУЛЙНЙ РМЙФЛБНЙ (ЙУРПМШЪХАФУС Ч НОПЗПТБЪПЧПН ЛПУНЙЮЕУЛПН ЛПТБВМЕ "ыБФФМ"). fBLBS LPOUFTHLGYS UPRMB PRFINYYTPCHBOB DMS ZHPTNYTPCHBOYS RMPULPK CHSCHIMPROPK UFTHY Y HULPTEOYS HER UNEYYCHBOYS U PLTHTSBAEIN CHPDHIPN.

LTSCHMP YNEEF RPUFPSOOKHA UFTEMPCHYDOPUFSH RP RETEDOEK LTPNLE (67.5°) YOEFTBDYGIPOOSCHK RTPZHYMSH. RETEDOSS LTPNLB PUFTBS, VE NEIBOYIBGY Y SCHMSEFUS RTPDPMTSEOYEN ZHAEMSCB. LTSCHMP CHSHCHRPMOEOP CH PUOPCHOPN YBMANYOYECHSCHI URMBCHCHCH. h TBKPOE BLPOGPCHPL, PVTBBPCHBOOSCHI OEULPMSHLYNY RMPULYNY RPCHETIOPUFSNNY, HUFBOCHMEOSCH BTPOBCHYZBGYPOOSCH PZOY, MYOSCH LPFPTSCHI UDEMBOSHCH U HYUEFPN NYOYNYBGYY TBDYPMZPLBYPOIS.

V-PVTBOPE ICHPUFCHPE PRETEOYE LTERYFUS CH UBNPK OBDOEK FPULE ZHAEMSCB OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP RETED UPRMMBNY. hZPM TBCHBMB LPOUPMEK UPUFBCHMSEF 85°. PRETEOYE RPLTSCHFP trn Y YNEEF RTPZHYMSH UCHPEOOZP TPNVB. LPOUPMY PRETEOYS GEMSHOPRCHPTPFOSCHE, U ZIDTBCHMYUEULYN RTYCHPDPN, YURPMSHHAFUS DMS HRTBCCHMEOYS RP OBRTBCHMEOYA YOE UCHSBOSHCH U HRTBCCHMEOYEN RP CHSHCHUPFE.

chMEFOP-RPUBDPYUOSCHE HUFTPKUFCHB CHLMAYUBAF PVSCHYUOPE FTEIPRPTOPE YBUUY U NBUMSOP-CHPDDHYOSCHNY BNPTFYBFPTBNY, FPTNP-OPK RBTBYAF Y FPTNP-OPK LTAL. yBUUY YNEEF PDOH OPUPCHHA PRPTH U PDOIN HRTBCHMSENSCHN LPMEUPN Y DCHE PUOPCHOSCHE (FPTS PDOPLPMEUOSCHE). CHUE FTY PRPTSCH HVYTBAFUS CHRETED CH OYY ZHAEMSCB. UFCHPTLY OYY PUOPCHOSHI PRPT UPUFPSF YJ DCHHI YUBUFEK, RETEDOSS RTYЪNBFYUEULBS YUBUFSH RPUME CHSHCHRHULB PRPTSCH CHOPCHSH ЪBLTSCHCHBEFUS.

fPTNPB LPMEU PUOPCHOSHI PRPT - DYULPCHSHCHE, PUOBEEOSCH BCHFPNBFBNY RTPFYCHP ULPMSHTSEOIS. DMS UPLTBEEOYS DMYOSCH RTPVEZB RTY RPUBDLE YURPMSH'HEFUS FPTNP'OPK RBTBYAF, LPFPTSHCHK TBNEEBEFUS ACCORDING TO UBNPMEFB CH OYIE NETSDH LPTOECHCHNY YBUFSNNY V-PVTBOPZP PRETEOYS. BLTSCHCHBEFUS OYYB DCHKHNS UFCHPTTLBNY.

ABOUT OYTSOYEK RPCHETIOPUFY ICHPUFPPK UELGYY ZHAEMSTSB CH BLTSCHFPK OYIE TBURPMPTSEO FPTNPBPK LTAL DMS RPUBDLY UBNPMEFB ABOUT BTPPDTPNBI, PVPTKHDPCHBOOSCHI UTEDUFCHBNY BCHBTYKOPZP FPTNPTSEOIS.

UYMPCHBS HUFBOPCHLB UPUFPYF YJ DCHHI VEUZHPTUBTSOSCHI DCHHILPOFHTOSHCHI FKhTVPTEBLFICHOSCHI DCHYZBFEMEK F404-GE-F1D2 ZHITNSCH "dTSOEETBM 'MELFTYL" U FSZPK RP 4890 LZ.

BRBU FPRMYCHB (VPMEE 7000 M) RTY DMYFEMSHOSHCHI RPMEFBI NPTSEF YURPMSH'PCHBFSHUS DPRPMOYFEMSHOSHCHK FPRMYCHOSCHK VBL, TBNEEBENSCHK CH PFUELE CHPPTHTSEOIS. UBNPMEF PVPTKHDPCHBO UYUFENPK DPЪBRTBCHLY FPRMMYCHPN CH RPMEFE. hVYTBAEIKUS FPRMMYCHPRTYENOYL RPCHPTPFOPZP FIRB OBIPDYFUS CH CHETIOEK YUBUFY ZHAEMSCB, BL LBVYOPK.

ABOUT UBNPMEFE F-117A YNEEFUS PFUEL CHPPTHTSEOIS, ZDE NPZHF VSHCHFSH RPDCHEOYOSCH VPERTYRBUSCH PVEEK NBUUPK DP 2270 LZ. dMYOB PFUELB UPUFBCHMSEF 4.7 N, YYTYOB - 1.75 N.

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Stealth technology remains at the forefront of military engineering today. She turned the foundation of world aviation, making aircraft the main tactical weapon on the battlefield. For the first time, stealth fighters were introduced to the world after the sensational Operation Desert Storm. American engineers have done a miracle by putting the F-117 aircraft into wide production. The new technology was developed by Lockheed. Invisibles could easily fly into any well-guarded airspace and eliminate the target, remaining unnoticed by local radars.

Stealth technology

Significant progress in the development of the engineers of the American company Lockheed achieved in the late 1970s. Previously, similar technologies were used to camouflage submarines and ground armored vehicles. However, an improved approach was later adopted to conceal a large object in mid-air.

"Stealth" is an aircraft that is invisible to most radars and equipment scanning in the infrared spectrum. Conventional aviation units, falling into the range of radiating waves, are captured by the equipment. This effect is achieved due to the reflection of the radio signal from the body of the aircraft. The larger the scattering area, the higher the probability of detecting an object. A large bomber has an indicator of about 100, a fighter - up to 12, and an American Stealth aircraft - 0.3 sq.m.

Two components are considered the foundation of stealth technology: the maximum absorption of radiation from the locators by the surface of the body and the reflection of waves in a direction that is not included in the radar search range. The solution to these problems was a special coating and the angular shape of the aircraft.

The development of such an air facility has been carried out since the early 1960s, however, limited technical and financial resources for a long time did not allow to achieve proper results. The situation has changed dramatically in a decade and a half. In 1981, the first Stealth aircraft took to the skies. From that moment on, the production of the F-117 was on a large scale.

Pros and cons of technology

Only good things can be said about the Stealth aircraft. Nevertheless, many military experts have long expressed their dissatisfaction with the innovation of American aviation. And indeed, if you look at it in detail, the technology had its significant drawbacks. First, it concerns the cost of the aircraft. The construction of one unit was more than half a billion dollars. Major stealth bombings were estimated at $1.1 billion.

The next nuance was the rapid development of radar equipment. Already by the beginning of the 1990s, almost all radar stations could, with varying degrees of probability, detect stealth technology aircraft. Because of this, American engineers had to constantly improve their developments.

Another disadvantage of the technology was a noticeable decrease in the flight characteristics of the stealth, since the design focused on radar stealth. As a result, the "Stealth" (aircraft) lost much to many other air units both in speed, and in maneuverability, and even in safety.

As for the advantages, in addition to stealth, it is worth highlighting the effective counteraction to the strike threat. The fact is that not a single automated missile is capable of fixing an aircraft with sufficient accuracy.

To date, the US government continues to allocate billions of dollars to build new representatives of the Stealth class.

The principle of operation of the stealth aircraft

To absorb radio emission, a ferromagnetic coating is used, which is applied to the entire body of the object. When waves hit a given surface, under the action of microscopic magnetic particles, they are redirected at an increased frequency to the other side of the radar. Thus, the radiation energy is wasted. To improve stealth properties, all equipment and accessories in the aircraft are made of carbon fiber. Also, to redirect the radio beams, it was decided to construct the body and wings from planes, without surface roundings.

Stealth stealth aircraft has special turbojet engines. The difference from traditional ones is the use of a diffuser in front of the compressor. This allows radiation to be reflected inside the engine, thereby neutralizing it. The aircraft is also equipped with a cooling system. It forcibly reduces the infrared noise of the engines.

Even the pilot's seat was changed to disperse radar study. It has a corrugated shape, like all other vertical parts of the aircraft. Moreover, the tail of the aircraft has also undergone a change. As a result of improvements, he acquired a V-shaped horizontal shape.

The first stealth aircraft

In 1981, the subsonic strike Lockheed F-117 codification Night Hawk became the advanced development of the American company Lockheed. The aircraft was designed to quickly penetrate the enemy's tactical zone, successfully hiding from air defense systems. As a result of subsequent upgrades, technologies for countering homing missiles were introduced.

By 1990, the US Air Force had 64 F-117 units. In the international codification, the aircraft was named "Night Hawk". According to the American designation system, the invisibility was assigned the letter F. It is interesting that for a long time the F-117 was considered a fighter. Nevertheless, today it is a conventional subsonic tactical-strike aircraft.

"Night Hawk" was successfully used in combat operations in Panama, the Persian Gulf, Yugoslavia, Iraq. The first losses are dated March 1999. It was a stealth aircraft shot down by a S-125 missile near the Serbian settlement of Budzhanovtsy.

At the moment, the Nighthawk has been withdrawn from service due to lack of funds in connection with the development of the F-22 fighter (the new Stealth aircraft).

Specifications Lockheed F-117

The length of the aircraft is 20 m, while the wingspan exceeds 13 m. The crew includes one pilot. The mass of the F-117 varies from 13.4 to 23.8 tons, depending on the workload and fuel supply. Initially, it was planned to reduce the nominal weight of the aircraft to 10 tons, but in the end, the cooling installation required additional space. As a result, the lower part of the case had to be modified.

The package includes 2 F404 engines with a total thrust of 9700 kgf. As for flight characteristics, the maximum flight range is about 1720 km. In this case, the combat radius is 860 km. "Nighthawk" is capable of climbing to a height of up to 13.7 kilometers. The speed of movement is 993 km / h, offline - 905 km / h.

Description of stealth B-2 Spirit

This stealth aircraft was developed by the American company Northrop Gr. Today it is in active operation. It is a heavy strategic bomber. Designed to destroy large tactical ground targets. Able to break through dense air defenses thanks to the use of stealth technology. The cargo compartment has the ability to transport nuclear weapons. The Spirit project cost the US government $45 billion.

The crew of the bomber consists of 2 people. The nominal weight of the stealth is 72 tons. At the same time, the aircraft is capable of lifting up to 100 tons of supplies and fuel into the air. All four engines are bypass turbojet. Maximum thrust - 30500 kgf. The bomber has a speed of up to 1010 km/h. The flight range exceeds 11 thousand km.

Standard armament includes Mk or CBU class bombs, AGM missiles and B nuclear weapons. It is currently the largest stealth aircraft in the world.

Characteristics of the F-22 Raptor

The Raptor fighter is a fifth-generation multi-purpose air object. It was developed by Boeing, Lockheed and GD. It is the newest and most advanced stealth fighter in the world.

The F-22 is based on the principle of hitting a target with lightning speed. It is worth noting that all the weapons of the Raptor are located in special internal compartments to reduce visibility. The fighters' baptism of fire took place in Syria in the fall of 2014.

The F-22 crew can only consist of one person. The net weight is about 20 tons. The carrying capacity varies within 10 tons. The set includes two engines with a capacity of 7400 kgf each. When flying, the fighter develops a speed of up to 2410 km / h.

Russian stealth project "Berkut"

In 1997, the first experimental carrier-based Su-47 fighter was released. Mikhail Pogosyan became its designer. The work on the project was carried out on the territory of Russia.

The Su-47 is considered a completely strategic target, so no weapons are installed on it. Its purpose is to obtain and analyze intelligence from well-defended enemy points. In the future, it is planned to upgrade the aircraft to a light bomber.

Crew - 1 pilot. The nominal weight of the object is 26.5 tons. Both engines are bypass turbojet with an afterburner. The total thrust is provided in 17500 kgf. This allows the Su-47 to reach speeds of 2,500 km/h.

Asian Stealth Shenyang J-31

This Chinese stealth aircraft only received widespread production at the end of 2012. It is a multi-role fighter of the latest generation. Miru became known as "Krechet" after an international exhibition in Zhuhai.

The fighter is controlled by 1 pilot. It is worth noting that the J-31 is considered one of the smallest stealth aircraft. Its length is only 16.9 m, and the wingspan is 11.5 m at all. At the same time, the mass of the object is 17.5 tons. The maximum speed threshold is 2200 km / h.