What is ice and ice. Forecast of ice and black ice. If you do slip, try to keep your balance by balancing with your hands. It's kind of like dancing on ice.

Ice and ice are the same in meaning, but completely different in meaning. But for some reason, these concepts are always confused, and they say that one follows from the other. Consider what they actually mean, how they are similar and how they differ.

The concept of ice and its danger

(necklace)- this is a phenomenon of the surrounding world, which is carried out by freezing water on wires, roofs of houses, earth due to precipitation. Ice formation occurs or can occur during sudden warming when warm air passes over a surface that has not yet been warmed.

It is possible to observe the formation of a cloud when the air temperature is kept from zero to minus ten degrees. The thickness can reach from one or more centimeters, which creates additional weight and can lead to rupture of wires and breakage of tree branches, in some cases, to the fall of poles with electric lighting. It can also be dangerous to moving vehicles and people.

The location of ice may persist for several days, depending on the amount of chilled atmospheric precipitation or in the presence of fog.

Dangers that can be encountered in icy conditions:

• The formation of a crust of ice on vehicles, in particular on cars, as a result of this process, blocks the door and makes it difficult to open it.
• Becomes the cause of many traffic accidents.
• Causes bruising and injury to people.
• It leads to numerous falls of not only small, but also large trees.
• Causes significant economic damage.

The concept of ice, problems associated with it and ways to deal with it

("slippery road") is the presence of ice on the surface of the earth. The smooth and bumpy state prevails. It is performed in case of a drop in temperature or a sharp cold snap, the snow begins to melt, then the water freezes and turns into ice. If the thermometer in your apartment shows near zero, then this serves as a warning that it is slippery on the street.

Formed only on hard stone surface, most often on roads, sidewalks, paths or squares. It lasts for a long time until the frozen layer of water is covered with snow or melts by increasing the air temperature and warming the soil.

Ice problems:

• It causes particular harm in agriculture, as it causes the death of winter crops (wheat, rapeseed, rye) due to lack of air.
• A particular risk for people, in the event of a fall to the ground, getting hit falls on the head, “fifth point” and tailbone. Anywhere you can get serious injuries.
• It occupies a leading position in car accidents in the winter season.

The reason for the occurrence of icy conditions is not only melted snow, but also spilled water, snow covering the roadway or when vehicles move quickly, thanks to the tires of the wheels, a slurry of snow and mud is formed, which subsequently freezes.

It arises due to temperature difference. This phenomenon is very dangerous, both for people and for cars. But the invisible one is especially dangerous when the smooth plane of ice is covered with freshly fallen snow. In this case, the risk increases many times due to secrecy from our eyes.

Two ways to deal with the "slippery road":

1. Use of industrial salt. It is necessary to apply in special cases and with the addition of sand. Because this composition adversely affects the environment, the wear of shoes and the corrosion of car tires.
2. Chemical substances are available in liquid and solid states. They also have their disadvantages: the reaction time is three hours. allergy to components. not a favorable effect on landscaping.

Common signs of ice and black ice

• Both most often occur together because they require similar meteorological conditions to occur.
• Evenly harm human life and are the standard causes of car accidents in the winter.
• Formed as ice on any surface.

Differences between the concepts of ice and ice

Contains a thick bark that covers the entire area.	It has a thin layer (in rare cases, the crust can become thicker than the usual width) and covers a small area.
Covers any surface.	Ice appears, for example, on curbs, sidewalks and in places where water has frozen after a thaw.
Covers all vehicles, including exterior mirrors and windows. Because of this, poor visibility on the roadway.	Not all sections of the road may have a layer of ice, and therefore it is possible to drive 60 km / h from one part, and from the other, a frozen puddle increases the chance of a vehicle skidding.
It is difficult for pedestrians to move, as they have to move on an icy road, which is very dangerous.	You need to be very careful and move calmly, without haste. Because, if it suddenly snowed, it is very difficult to consider where exactly it is worth taking a step so as not to get injured.
Special danger for wires as described above.	It causes great harm to crops, which leads to a “dead” crop, low productivity and, accordingly, high cost of food.
Lasts four to six days. It passes quickly, especially when the precipitation stops in the form of rain.	There is a long time, at least seven days.

Basic safety measures for icy and icy conditions

• For the female half of the population, in winter it is desirable to give preference to a sole with a heel, the height of which should not exceed 4 centimeters, on the sole there should be a pattern in the form of small and large patterns, the toe of boots or boots should be chosen wide and rounded.
• Driving on slippery surfaces is recommended. slowly, without sudden movements, with frequent placement of legs one after another.
• When falling, try to protect your head first and fall on your side. In this way, you can avoid injury and concussion.
• For drivers, the rule applies do not exceed the speed limit on the roads. Do not forget that it is very difficult to slow down and with sharp turns or high speed, the car can skid to the side.

Question

How to: ice or sleet?

In the professional speech of weather forecasters, these words are clearly distinguished. black ice - this is only ice on the roads, which forms after a thaw or rain during a sudden cold snap. Ice on the roads- a phrase well known to all of us from meteorological reports. ice is a more general term. This is ice on any surface: on the ground, on trees, on wires...

What do Russian dictionaries say?

Some editions support the division: sleet – ice on the ground ice – ice on the ground and other surfaces (trees, wires...). In the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" by S. I. Ozhegov and N. Yu. Shvedova (4th ed. M., 1997) sleet - a layer of ice on the earth's surface, formed after a thaw or rain; the time at which such a layer of ice forms. ice - a layer of ice on the surface of the earth or on objects, formed after freezing of raindrops, drizzle; the time at which such a layer of ice forms. The same - in the "Big Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" ed. S. A. Kuznetsova.

However, in other dictionaries the meaning of the word sleet expanded, its use is allowed not onlywhen designating ice on the ground. In the "Dictionary of the Russian language" in 4 volumes, ed. A. P. Evgenieva (“Small Academic Dictionary”)sleet - ice crust on the surface of the earth, trees, wires, etc.; the state of weather when the earth's surface is covered with ice. BUTice – the same as sleet.

In the "Big Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language" (T. 4. M., St. Petersburg, 2006) at the noun sleet two meanings: 1) the state of the weather, when the surface of the earth, trees, wires, etc. are covered with a dense layer of ice, which is formed when drops of rain or fog freeze on them, and 2) a layer of dense ice on the surface of the earth, which forms when supercooled drops of rain or mist. At the word ice this dictionary also has two meanings: 1) a layer of dense ice on the surface of the earth, on trees, wires, etc., formed when drops of rain or fog freeze on them, and 2) the same as black ice (in the first meaning) (then there is a state of the weather -Note. Certificates).

Thus, in general use (not in professional speech) wordsice and sleet often do not differ, and the dictionaries of the Russian language reflect the coincidence in the meanings of words. Dictionaries are unanimous: both the state of the weather, when a crust of ice forms on the ground, and such an icy surface itself can be called asice , and black ice . And if the ice is not on the ground, but on other surfaces (trees, wires)? Here lexicographers do not have a single position, but still many dictionaries allow the use of both words in this case: not onlyice , but and sleet .

Interesting observations about words ice and sleet we find in the book of V. V. Kolesov “How our word will respond ...”: “... Today, linguists decide to say that ice and sleet"absolute synonyms" in the literary language, and only meteorologists distinguish black ice– ice on the roads, and ice- a crust of ice on trees, on wires, etc. In reality, in its natural movement, the meaning is transferred along the metonymic contiguity: frosty weather without snow - the duration of such weather - the result of its action in the form of a surface covered ... etc. e. In the beginning was the word sleet. This is a natural designation of weather conditions in winter, according to the general type of expressions like blizzard, bad weather, thaw, robin, snowstorm etc. In Russian, feminine words with the suffix - itza associated with the designation of the time interval of the duration of some state (for example, braid), including the weather. Secondary word ice helps in its distribution, it replaces the word sleet, displacing it as collectively general in meaning, but at the same time more "understandable" to modern man. The remarkable Russian meteorologist A. I. Voeikov in 1914 spread these words in meaning in the special scientific literature, but the word he proposed necklace in the sense of "icy ice" did not take root. But it would be terminologically logical: the phenomenon of weather - necklace, and its manifestation is ice. Then there would be no confusion, because sleet, a word of generic meaning, includes both” (St. Petersburg, 2001, pp. 249, 250).

Distinguish

Ice on the roads in the speech of weather forecasters; light ice at night and day or light ice in general use.

Winter manifestations of nature now affect the citizens insofar as they prevent them from getting to work or home. Based on this, many are confused in purely meteorological terms. It is unlikely that any of the residents of megacities will be able to answer the question of how ice differs from sleet. Meanwhile, understanding the difference between these terms will help people, after listening to (or reading) the weather forecast, better prepare for what awaits them outside in the winter.

Distinctive features of ice

To begin with, meteorologists associate it with atmospheric precipitation such as rain, hail and snow. Although, of course, it is in the final version that ice does not “come” from the sky. It is an unpleasant accompaniment to other fog, drizzle or rain - when the temperature outside the window is zero or slightly lower (down to minus three). However, stereotypes work: most people, in response to the question of how ice is different from icy, will say that icy is on the ground, and people fall from it, and icy is everything else. Which is fundamentally wrong. First of all, ice is accompanied by icing of branches of bushes and trees, wires and protruding parts of buildings. But the most important thing is that it lasts only when the precipitation that caused it (fog, for example) is present, and the ice crust formed by the ice is very thin. Although, if the right weather lasts long, freezing can be significant; then power lines break and antennas, branches and trees break.

The positive aspects of ice

Of course, this natural phenomenon is accompanied by unpleasant consequences for people and their property (communications, green spaces, etc.). But there is also a pleasant sign of how ice differs from icy. As already mentioned, it lasts exactly as long as precipitation falls. If they end quickly, the ice growth stops, and the thin layer of formed ice quickly melts. Another advantage of ice is that in its pure form it is extremely rare. Nevertheless, many conditions must coincide: winter and not snow, but rain or fog, the temperature is not lower than three degrees of frost. So a meeting with the consequences of this particular manifestation of the elements happens infrequently.

Icing - what is it?

Since people are more interested in the condition of sidewalks and highways, they pay little attention to objects raised above the ground. Is that the icicles are watched vigilantly: their fall can seriously harm health, and even interrupt life. In principle, both phenomena manifest themselves in almost the same way. The main difference between ice and icy ice is that the latter builds up an ice crust on compacted snow, most often after rain or thaw, when a cold snap has struck. Most of the water in this process accumulates on the ground, and therefore antennas, branches, etc. are less burdened with weight. So it is possible to point out a significant difference between icy and icy conditions, which is fundamental for citizens: in the second case, those who move on the ground suffer more and plantings and communications suffer less.

The insidiousness of ice

If the first mentioned natural phenomenon has some advantages, then sleet is a complete disadvantage. Worst of all, precipitation is not necessary for its onset. Any city itself evaporates water. Moreover, pipe breaks are not uncommon in our area. This is where you begin to realize how important the reasons for which ice and sleet are formed are - the difference is simply amazing. The first phenomenon, however, needs precipitation. And the sleet will immediately take advantage of the opportunity that has turned up, and because the heat supply hatch is simply not tightly covered nearby, an unplanned skating rink appears nearby.

Moreover, the layer formed by icing lasts for an extremely long time - it does not depend on precipitation. The most common option - the ice is covered with fallen snow. In second place is another thaw (or spring). And in the event of an accidental warming, one can only hope that the crust will have time to melt before the next cold snap.

How to deal with it

Since both black ice and ice appear approximately the same, the methods of dealing with them are also not very different from each other, and are mainly associated with overcoming the slipperiness of passers-by and road surfaces of the city. The main methods are sand, gravel, small construction waste, granite chips and salt. It cannot be said that these are very effective methods. First of all, salt corrodes the material from which shoes are made. Rubber boots and boots last the longest, but you can’t walk in them for a long time in the cold. Other materials often do not withstand even a month. Sand is not too good either: it often, when thawed, simply sinks into the resulting porridge and contributes little to slip resistance.

Modern reagents are used in some (especially large) cities, but their effectiveness and safety are still questionable.

And the fight against the freezing of above-ground ice formations is still limited to the fact that icicles are knocked off with varying degrees of success by tired janitors. Nevertheless, people are accustomed to look more at their feet than at what hangs from above.

Unusual American Methods

Both black ice and black ice have really worried the Americans in recent years. And the lack of proven methods of dealing with them greatly developed the imagination and ingenuity of the inhabitants of a distant continent. So, in Wisconsin, the tracks are watered with cheese pickle - waste from the production of cheese. The smell is delicious, but intrusive, and pursues the traveler for many kilometers. But the wheels don't slip and the flavor becomes secondary.

Pennsylvania and New York also “salt” the roads, but they add beet juice to the salt (sugar is produced there). And the smell of cheese is absent, and shoes deteriorate much less.

Ice or ice is not so important, the main thing is not to fall, and so that the car does not skid!

In winter, we listen to the weather forecast and often hear that sleet or ice is expected. No one ever thought about the fact that these are completely different phenomena. We will talk about this today in our article.

What is ice?

It is about her that radio stations report to warn vigilant motorists from accidents on the roads.

Black ice is nothing more than ice that can occur on the roadway, the roof of houses, sidewalks, soil, and so on. The people have a second name "slippery road." It is formed on the surface of the earth due to a thaw or from rain with a sharp decrease in atmospheric pressure (cooling).

Glaze occurs due to the melting of snow cover or ice due to sudden warming. Often occurs when temperatures change around 0 degrees Celsius. Black ice is also called snow and snow porridge (snow with water) compacted by the feet and tires of cars, as well as frozen puddles.

Therefore, when the media report on the upcoming black ice, it is necessary to carefully move along the streets, motorists need to be careful on the roads. It can continue for a long time until fresh snow covers the slippery road or a thaw occurs. Now it is clear what ice is.

What is ice?

A completely different phenomenon is also characteristic of the cold season, but does not last long. This is the accumulation of ice on open surfaces. It is formed from frozen drops after supercooled precipitation, only at low atmospheric pressure temperatures.

In simple words, this is the freezing of ice on tree branches, ground, wires, and so on, associated with the glaciation of precipitation that fell on a cold surface at sub-zero temperatures.

Thus, ice and ice are two different concepts. They appear at air temperatures from 0 to -12 and from 0 to +3 degrees Celsius, respectively.

What is he, ice?

As a rule, the ice thickness reaches one or more centimeters. If the norm is exceeded, glaciation can cause great harm:

• Break power lines.
• Cover the cars.
• Break trees.
• May cause injury to people.
• Causes car accidents.

The ice crust builds up throughout the winter as supercooled drops fall. The resulting ice on houses, cars, trees can last up to several days. The growth occurs no more than sixty minutes, but it melts only during evaporation.

What is the difference between icy and icy

What they have in common is a danger to people. As for the differences, they are as follows: ice is formed from supercooled precipitation, and ice is nothing more than frozen water that has already formed on the surface of the earth from various sources.

For example, the earth's surface, a temporary thaw. Black ice is more common than ice. This is the difference between the two phenomena.

Forecasters predict ice or black ice: what to do?

You need to follow the safety rules. Consider them:

Hello, dear young, as well as already quite adult readers of the ShkolaLa blog. Winter weather often surprises us with whims. Then you hear on TV that a severe frost is coming. Then in the news they broadcast about ice and ice.

For us, the townsfolk, these two words, invariably associated with frost and ice, are the same. But for professional weather forecasters, these concepts are completely different. Is there really any difference, how ice differs from icy - the topic of the new project.

Lesson plan:

Ice and ice in dictionaries

You and I are already smart enough to look for information in reliable sources. Let's turn to dictionaries.

Ozhegov's well-known explanatory dictionary interprets sleet as an ice layer on the ground, which is obtained after a thaw or rain. Ushakov, in his explanatory dictionary, also explains this phenomenon as frost without snow, when there is a bare layer of ice on the ground. This is supported by the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary, as well as many other sources.

What do Russian language experts say about ice? For almost all scientists, the concept of such a phenomenon is a more general term, when not only the earth is covered with an ice layer, but all surrounding objects - electrical wires, trees, cars.

But for the Big Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language and some others, these two words are identical, that is, they are the same - this is a special state of weather in which ice formed from frozen raindrops covers everything around with a thick layer.

So, from smart books we draw the first conclusion.

Black ice differs from ice in the place that these phenomena cover. In the first case, this is the earth's surface, in the second - all objects without exception.

What do the forecasters say?

These two natural phenomena differ in the causes of occurrence, in other words, physics.

If atmospheric precipitation falls - fog, freezing rain or sleet with snow, they cover any surface with ice. As these precipitations continue to fall, ice sheeting will build up, which can be several centimeters thick. In this case, we are dealing with ice.

Usually this phenomenon occurs with a sharp warming after persistent frosts, at temperatures from 0 to -10 degrees, when the precipitation is warmer than the surfaces on which they fall. The ice, which has bound electrical wires and tree branches, leads to their weighting and breaks.

Black ice, unlike its counterpart, has nothing to do with precipitation. We can observe it when there was a positive temperature outside the window during the day, and frosts suddenly hit in the evening or at night. That's when the melted layer of snow on the roads and paths turns into a skating rink, we fall, and sometimes, if we are careless, we break something for ourselves.

It is especially dangerous when fresh snow falls on top of the ice layer. For icy conditions, low temperatures are sufficient, up to -3 degrees.

So, again we conclude:

Icy ice can only be on the ground and is a consequence of a drop in temperature from warm to sharp cold, and ice is everywhere and the reason for this is precipitation.

How to deal with nature?

Why are they dangerous, such natural phenomena and what harm can they bring?

It is believed that ice does more harm than its sister. The reason for this is the high density and thickness of the resulting ice layer. Although compared to black ice, this is a rare phenomenon, but the economic damage from it is higher. It often leads to breakdowns of power lines, as well as other communications, under the weight of ice they fall on people around them, on cars, on houses, branches and even entire trees.

Ice hazards include pedestrian injuries and car accidents. But it's much easier to deal with it. To do this, it is enough to scatter reagents or ordinary river sand. But removing the crust of ice from the wires stretching for many kilometers or from every tree in the park is a troublesome business.

Very often, these two natural phenomena appear together, then from the news from weather forecasters we hear a memorized phrase: “In the afternoon, ice, ice on the road.”

This is how we briefly outlined the differences between ice and black ice today, and also learned that they are different in terms of the method of formation, location and danger.

Want to tell a little more? Here are some facts for you.

Did you know that in terms of the number of days per year, Voronezh and Samara are the winners among the cities where ice occurs, followed by Syktyvkar with Rostov-on-Don, and in third place is Kazan together with Moscow. Ice is extremely rare in Siberia and the Far East - there is a stable temperature in winter.

Well, ice is a common thing in almost all cities.

The ShkolaLa blog has a lot of interesting information for you:

• Do you know where ball lightning comes from?
• what secrets does the moon hide from us?
• why do earthquakes happen?

Come visit more often, we will develop our horizons together, amaze teachers with knowledge, and delight parents with excellent grades!

That's all for today! See you soon!

Success in your studies!

Evgenia Klimkovich