Technological map for the installation of a strip foundation. The correct order of installation of foundation blocks and the technological map. III. Requirements at work

02.12.2021

APPROVE

General Director, Ph.D.

S.Yu. Edlicka

"__" _________ 2004

ROUTING
FOR INSTALLATION OF FITTINGS
MONOLITHIC BELT
FOUNDATIONS INDIVIDUAL
RODS

The technological map shows the technology for installing reinforcement of monolithic strip foundations with separate rods.

The map shows the scope, technology and organization of the work, the requirements for the quality and acceptance of work, the requirements for safety and labor protection, environmental and fire safety, the need for material and technical resources, technical and economic indicators are given.

The technological map can be used in the construction of objects of various purposes from monolithic reinforced concrete as part of the PPR in accordance with SNiP 3.03.03-85 *.

This map was developed by employees of JSC PKTIpromstroy:

Kholopov V.N. - map development;

Savina O.A. - computer processing and graphics;

Chernykh V.V. - general technological support;

Bychkovsky B.I. - technical guidance, normative control, development proofreading;

Ph.D. Edlichka S.Yu. - General management of the development of technological documentation.

1 AREA OF USE

a) with horizontal single reinforcement: 1 - protective layer of concrete (according to the project); 2 - reinforcing mesh (framework); 3 - fixers of the protective layer of concrete (frogs-linings made of concrete or plastic); l- lining step (according to the project);

b) with horizontal double reinforcement: 1 - protective layer of concrete; 2 - reinforcing meshes; 3 - Arbuzov's device; 4 - concrete surface after concreting; l- distance between rods (grids);

c) Arbuzov's device: 1 - reinforcing bar; 2 - weld; 3 - axes of working reinforcement; 5 - lining

a) - connection of parallel rods; b) - connection of intersecting rods

The dimensions of the overlap and bypass of the reinforcement bars must comply with GOST 10922-90.

To form a side protective layer of concrete between the meshes of the frames and the formwork walls, place plastic clamps in increments of 0.8 - 1.0 m. The design and shape of the clamps are given in the figure.

a) with vertical single reinforcement: 1 - formwork; 2 - reinforcing bars; 3 - plastic retainer; a- protective layer of concrete (according to the project);

b) with vertical double reinforcement: 1 - formwork; 2 - reinforcing bars; 3 - plastic retainer; 4 - reinforcing shorties; a- a protective layer of concrete (according to the project), t- distance between grids.

with the left hand, the wire is taken out of the bundle and with the index finger it is bent around the intersection of the rod, both ends of the wire are captured with the jaws of the wire cutters, turning them two turns;

b) knitting corner knots with pull-ups:

the end of the wire is pushed through the longitudinal rod under the clamps, directed with the thumb of the left hand upwards and bent over the clamps near the rod, the end of the wire is grabbed with wire cutters and pulled under the wire in the left hand, they are transferred to the right with wire cutters and they grab the intersection from both ends of the wire near the knot, wire cutters hold in the right hand with three fingers, pull it towards you and turn it two turns.

Non-welding connections of rods should be made:

Butt - overlap or crimp sleeves and screw couplings to ensure equal strength of the joint;

Cruciform - viscous annealed wire. It is allowed to use special connecting elements (plastic and wire clamps).

Butt and cruciform welded joints should be made according to the project in accordance with GOST 14098-91.

3 QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS

Prefabricated strip foundations consist of prefabricated foundation pads, reinforced according to the calculation, above which wall blocks are installed. Reinforced concrete foundation slabs-pillows and concrete wall blocks are unified, the nomenclature provides for their division into four groups, each of which differs in perceived load. To increase the rigidity of the structure, to even out settlements during construction on soft soils and as anti-seismic measures, prefabricated foundations are reinforced with reinforced seams or reinforced concrete belts arranged over foundation pads or the last row of wall foundation blocks around the entire perimeter of the building at the same level.

With sandy soils, the foundation blocks are laid directly on a leveled base, with other soils - on a sand cushion 10 cm thick. Bulk or loosened soil cannot be left under the base of the foundations, it must be removed and replaced with sand or crushed stone. Recesses in the soil base with a height of more than 10 cm are filled with monolithic concrete. The width and length of the sandy base is made 20 ... 30 cm larger than the size of the foundation so that the blocks do not hang from the sand cushion.

The foundation blocks are laid according to the scheme of their layout in accordance with the project (Fig. 1) in order to provide gaps for laying pipes for water supply, sewerage and other inputs.

1 - foundation cushion; 2 - wall block; 3 - sand preparation; 4 - reinforcing belt; 5 - a bed of mortar; 6 - sealing the joint with monolithic concrete; 7 - block slinging

Installation begins with the installation of lighthouse blocks in the corners and at the intersections of the walls. The foundation block is fed by a crane to the place of laying, guided and lowered to the base, minor deviations from the design position are eliminated by moving the block with a crowbar with tensioned slings. In this case, the surface of the base must not be disturbed. The slings are removed after the block takes the correct position in terms of plan and height. The gaps between the blocks of the strip foundation and the side sinuses during the installation process are filled with sand or sandy soil and compacted.

When installing foundations for columns, the position of the installed blocks relative to the main axes is carefully controlled. With the help of levels, the position of the blocks is controlled in height, for glass-type blocks they check the mark of the bottom of the glass, for others - the upper plane of the block.

The installation of basement walls (wall blocks) begins after checking the position of the laid foundation blocks (cushions) and the waterproofing device. If there are no special instructions in the project, then a layer of mortar 2 ... 3 cm thick is spread as insulation on the cleaned surface of the foundations; the solution simultaneously serves as a leveling layer.

In accordance with the installation scheme, the position of the wall blocks of the first (lower row) is marked on the foundations, marking the places of vertical seams. Installation begins with the installation of lighthouse blocks in the corners and intersections of the walls at a distance of 20 ... 30 m from each other. After installing the lighthouse blocks at the level of their top, a cord is pulled - a mooring, along which ordinary blocks are installed.

Subsequent rows of blocks are mounted in the same sequence, marking the layout of the blocks on the underlying row. The first two rows of blocks are installed from the laid foundation blocks, the next - from the inventory scaffolds. The brand of solution on which the blocks should be mounted is indicated in the project.

The mounting crane can be placed on the edge of the pit, then within the grip, all the foundation blocks are first mounted, and then the blocks of the basement walls. If the crane is in the pit, then the foundations and basement walls are installed in separate sections, based on the fact that the installation crane will not be able to re-enter the area where the blocks have already been laid

Checking, slinging the block and cleaning its lower plane (M3, M, sling, scraper, sledgehammer; Fig. 3, 4). Installer M3, having checked the markings, the geometric dimensions of the foundation blocks and the reliability of the mounting loops, rafters the block.

CENTRAL RESEARCH AND DESIGN-EXPERIMENTAL INSTITUTE OF ORGANIZATION, MECHANIZATION AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO CONSTRUCTION

AOZT TsNIIOMTP

ROUTING
ON THE DEVICE OF POLAR MONOLITHIC FOUNDATIONS USING SMALL-SHIELD FORMWORK

Moscow

2002

The technological map considers the device of columnar monolithic foundations for reinforced concrete columns using metal formwork.

The organization and technology of construction processes are given, the basic safety rules are indicated. Design schemes for the organization and technology of work are presented.

The technological map was developed by AOZT TsNIIOMTP (B.V. Zhadanovsky head department, Ph.D. tech. Sciences, O.V. Baranov, L.V. Zhabina with the participation of sector of computer and information technologies Yagudaeva L.M.).

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. The technological map was developed for the installation of columnar monolithic foundations for the frame of civil and industrial buildings using small-panel formwork.

1.2. The technological map provides for the installation of monolithic foundations using small-panel formwork developed by CJSC TsNIIOMTP (project 794V-2.00.000).

1.3. The basement of the 1-412 series with a volume of 14.7 m 3 was taken as a standard in the development of the map.

1.4. The technological map considers the options for supplying a concrete mixture to a structure:

truck crane in bunkers;

concrete pump SB-170-1.

1.5. Concrete mixture transportation is provided by the SB-159B-2 concrete mixer truck.

1.6. The work is carried out during the summer period in two shifts.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

2.1. Prior to foundation installation, the following work must be completed:

surface water diversion from the site is organized;

access roads and roads are arranged;

the ways of movement of mechanisms, places of storage, enlargement of reinforcing meshes and formwork are indicated, mounting equipment and fixtures are prepared;

reinforcing meshes, frames and formwork kits were delivered in the required quantity;

the necessary preparation for the foundations has been completed;

geodetic breakdown of the axes and marking of the position of the foundations in accordance with the project;

on the surface of the concrete preparation, paint marks are applied, fixing the position of the working plane of the formwork panels.

2.2. The prepared base for the foundations must be accepted by the act by the commission with the participation of the customer, the contractor and the representative of the design organization. The act must reflect the conformity of the location, elevations of the bottom of the pit, the actual stratification and natural properties of the soils to the design data, as well as the possibility of laying foundations at the design level, the absence of violations of the natural properties of the foundation soils or the quality of their compaction in accordance with design decisions.

2.3. Acts for hidden work must be drawn up for the preparation device for foundations.

2.4. Before installing the formwork and reinforcement of reinforced concrete foundations, the work foreman (foreman, foreman) must check the correctness of the concrete preparation and marking the position of the axes and marks of the foundation foundation.

Formwork

2.5. The formwork must be supplied to the construction site as a complete set, suitable for installation and operation, without modifications and corrections.

2.6. Received on the construction site formwork elements are placed in the area of action of the erection crane. All formwork elements must be stored in a position corresponding to the transport, sorted by brands and sizes. It is necessary to store the formwork elements under a canopy in conditions that exclude their damage. Shields are stacked in stacks with a height of no more than 1 - 1.2 m on wooden spacers; fights of 5 - 10 tiers with a total height of not more than 1 m with the installation of wooden spacers between them; the remaining elements, depending on the dimensions and weight, are placed in boxes.

2.7. Small-panel formwork consists of the following components:

linear shields are made of a bent profile (channel), the deck in the shields is made of laminated plywood 12 mm thick;

load-bearing elements - contractions are designed to absorb the loads acting on the formwork, as well as to combine individual panels into panels or blocks. They are made of a bent profile (channel);

corner shields - serve to combine flat shields into closed circuits;

mounting angle - serves to connect boards and panels into closed formwork contours;

tension hook - used for attaching fights to shields;

bracket - serves as the basis for the working flooring.

2.8. Mounting and dismantling of the formwork is carried out using a truck crane KS-35715 or KS-45719, KS-4572A.

2.9. Prior to the installation of the formwork, the panels are assembled into panels in the following sequence:

at the storage site, a box is assembled from contractions;

shields are hung on fights;

on the edge of the panel shields, risks are applied with paint, indicating the position of the axes.

2.10. Foundation formwork is produced in the following order:

install and fix the enlarged formwork panels of the lower step of the shoe;

install the assembled box strictly along the axes and fix the formwork of the lower step with metal pins to the base;

put on the edges of the enlarged panels of the box risks, fixing the position of the box of the second stage of the foundation;

stepping back from the risks to a distance equal to the thickness of the shields, a pre-assembled box of the second stage is installed;

finally install the box of the second stage;

in the same sequence install the box of the third stage;

put on the edges of the enlarged panels of the upper box risks, fixing the position of the column box;

install the column box;

install and fix the formwork of the liners.

Mounted formwork is accepted by the master or foreman according to the act.

2.11. The condition of the formwork must be continuously monitored during the concreting process. In case of unforeseen deformations of individual formwork elements or inadmissible opening of cracks, additional fasteners should be installed and deformed places should be corrected.

2.12. The formwork may be dismantled only after the concrete has reached the strength required in accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-87 and with the permission of the works foreman.

2.13. In the process of tearing off the formwork, the surface of the concrete structure must not be damaged. Dismantling of the formwork is carried out in the reverse order of installation.

2.14. After removing the formwork, you must:

make a visual inspection of the formwork;

clean all formwork elements from adhering concrete;

lubricate the decks, check and lubricate the screw connections.

2.15. Schemes of production of formwork works are given in fig. - .

Reinforcing works

2.16. Reinforcing grids of under-columns are delivered to the construction site and unloaded at the pre-assembly site, shoe grids - at the storage site.

2.17. The assembly of the reinforcement cages of the under-column is carried out at the assembly stand with the help of a conductor, by tacking the reinforcing meshes together by electric arc welding or viscous.

2.18. Armoframes and grids of shoes weighing more than 50 kg are installed by a truck crane in the following order:

the reinforcing meshes of the shoe are laid on the clamps, which provide a protective layer according to the project.

2.19. Reinforcing work is performed in the following order:

install the reinforcing mesh of the shoe on the clamps, providing a protective layer of concrete according to the project;

after the device of the formwork of the shoe, reinforcing pillars are installed with its fastening to the lower grid with a knitting wire.

2.20. Reinforcing work must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-81 "Bearing and enclosing structures".

2.21. Acceptance of the assembled reinforcement is carried out before the installation of the formwork and is issued by an act of examination of hidden works. The act of acceptance of the mounted reinforcement structures must indicate the numbers of working drawings, deviations from the drawings, and an assessment of the quality of the mounted reinforcement.

After the formwork is installed, permission is given for concreting.

2.22. Schemes for the production of reinforcing work are given in fig. and .

Concrete works

2.23. Prior to the commencement of concrete placement, the following work must be completed:

the correctness of the installed reinforcement and formwork was checked;

eliminated all formwork defects;

Specification of formwork elements

Name		Quantity for F-1 foundation, pcs.	Shield area, m 2		Weight, kg
Name		Quantity for F-1 foundation, pcs.	one shield	on the F-1 foundation		on the F-1 foundation
	SM1.8´ 0.3
	SM1.5´ 0.3
	SM1.2´ 0.3
	SM0.9´ 0.6
	SM0.9´ 0.3
Total





Total
Mounting angle	UM0.6´ 0.3
Mounting angle	UM0.3´ 0.3
Total
Tension hook




Screed lock

Bracket with deck and hinged ladder
Total

1. The layout of the formwork panels, see fig. .

2. Bracket pos. 20 is conventionally not shown.

Rice. 3

Rice. 4

Scheme of formwork production

1 - automobile crane KS-35715; 2 - storage area; 3 - formwork boards; 4 - contractions; 5 - mounting corners; 6 - enlarged formwork panels; 7 - reinforcing cage; 8 - sling; 9 - concrete preparation

Rice. 5

F-1 foundation reinforcement scheme

Grid layout soles

Reinforcing mesh specification

Conditional mark	Quantity, pcs.	Weight, kg
Conditional mark	Quantity, pcs.	one element







Total

Rice. 6

Scheme of the production of reinforcing work

1 - automobile crane KS-35715; 2 - storage area; 3 - foundation formwork; 4 - laid reinforcing meshes; 5 - installed reinforcing cage; 6 - sling; 7 - inventory shield (made locally); 8 - concrete cover fixer

Rice. 7

the presence of retainers providing the required thickness of the concrete protective layer was checked;

all structures and their elements are accepted according to the act, access to which, in order to verify the correct installation after concreting, is impossible;

the formwork and fittings are cleaned of debris, dirt and rust;

the operation of all mechanisms, the serviceability of equipment and tools were checked.

2.24. Delivery of the concrete mixture to the object is provided by SB-92V-2 or SB-159B-2 concrete mixer trucks.

2.25. The supply of concrete mixture to the place of laying is considered in two options:

a truck crane in swivel bins with a capacity of 1.6 m 3 of mixture designed by AOZT TsNIIOMTP;

using a concrete pump.

2.26. Foundation concreting works include:

receiving and supplying concrete mix;

laying and compaction of concrete mix;

curing.

2.27. Concreting of foundations is carried out in two stages:

at the first stage, the foundation shoe and the sub-column are concreted to the mark of the bottom of the liner;

at the second stage, the upper part of the sub-column is concreted after the insert is installed.

2.28. To load the concrete mixture, the rotary hoppers do not require transfer racks, but are delivered to the place of loading with the concrete mixture by a truck crane, which sets the hoppers in a horizontal position.

The concrete mixer truck drives up to the bunker in reverse and unloads. Then the truck crane lifts the bucket and delivers it in a vertical position to the place of unloading. In the area of operation of a truck crane, several bunkers are usually placed close to each other with the expectation that their total capacity is equal to the capacity of a concrete mixer truck. In this case, all the prepared bucket bunkers are loaded with concrete at the same time, and then the crane alternately delivers them to the unloading point.

2.29. When concreting monolithic foundations with a truck-mounted concrete pump, the radius of action of the distribution boom makes it possible to place the concrete mix in several foundations. Normal operation of truck-mounted concrete pumps is ensured if a concrete mixture with a mobility of 4 - 22 cm is pumped through the concrete pipeline, which contributes to the transportation of concrete to maximum distances without delamination and the formation of traffic jams.

2.30. Schemes of production of concrete works are given in fig. and .

2.31. The concrete mixture is laid in horizontal layers with a thickness of 0.3 - 0.5 m.

Each layer of concrete is carefully compacted with internal vibrators. When compacting the concrete mixture, the end of the working part of the vibrator should be immersed in the previously laid concrete layer by 5 - 10 cm. The vibrator relocation step should not exceed 1.5 of its radius of action. In the corners and at the walls of the formwork, the concrete mixture is additionally compacted with vibrators or by bayoneting with manual screws. Touching the vibrator during operation to the valve is not allowed. Vibration at one position ends when the sedimentation stops and the appearance of cement laitance on the concrete surface. The vibrator should be removed slowly during repositioning, without turning it off, so that the void under the tip is evenly filled with concrete mix.

The break between the stages of concreting (or laying layers of concrete mix) should be at least 40 minutes, but not more than 2 hours.

2.32. After laying the concrete mixture in the formwork, it is necessary to create favorable temperature and humidity conditions for concrete hardening. The horizontal surfaces of the concreted foundation are covered with wet burlap, tarpaulin, sawdust, sheet, roll materials for a period depending on climatic conditions, in accordance with the instructions of the construction laboratory.

2.33. Work on the installation of monolithic concrete foundations is carried out by the following links:

unloading and sorting of reinforcing meshes and formwork elements, loading and unloading of reinforcement cages assembled at the stand, installation of reinforcement cages of under-columns, installation and dismantling of liners - link No. 1:

machinist 5th grade - 1 person,

fitter (rigger) 4 rated - 1 person,

2 bits - 2 people.

formwork works - installation of foundation formwork elements, formwork dismantling with surface cleaning, shield lubrication with emulsion - link No. 2:

construction locksmiths 4 times. - 2 people

3 bits - 1 person,

2 bits - 1 person;

Scheme of the production of concrete work when supplying a concrete mixture by a crane in bunkers

1 - automobile crane KS-35715; 2 - truck mixer SB-92V-2; 3 - swivel bunker BPV-1.6; 4 - sling; 5 - bracket; 6 - fencing; 7 - formwork boards; 8 - concreted foundation; 9 - storage area

Rice. eight

Scheme of the production of concrete work when supplying a concrete mixture with a concrete pump

1 - concrete pump SB-170-1; 2 - truck mixer SB-92V-2; 3 - formwork boards; 4 - concrete foundation

Rice. nine

reinforcing works - installation of reinforcing meshes of shoes, pre-assembly of reinforcing meshes of under-columns on the conductor, welding works - link No. 3:

fitters 3rd category - 1 person,

2 bits - 2 people

electric welder 3rd category - 1 person;

concrete work (when concrete mixture is supplied by a crane) - concrete mixture intake from a concrete mixer truck, concrete mixture supply by a crane, concrete mixture laying with compaction by vibrators, concrete care - link No. 4:

concrete workers 4 size - 1 person,

3 bits - 1 person,

2 bits - 2 people;

concrete work (when concrete mix is delivered by truck-mounted concrete pump) - laying of concrete mix by truck-mounted concrete pump with compaction by vibrators, cleaning of concrete conduit, concrete maintenance - link No. 5:

machinist 5th grade - 1 person;

operator 5 bit. - 1 person,

concrete workers 3rd category - 1 person,

2 bits - 1 person.

2.34. Production of concrete works at negative air temperatures.

When performing concrete work in winter, one should be guided by the rules of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures" and SNiP III-4-80 * "Safety in construction".

Winter concreting conditions are considered when the average daily outdoor temperature is not higher than 5 °C or the minimum temperature during the day is below 0 °C.

In winter conditions, the choice of additives and the calculation of their amount is carried out in the same way as in summer.

The erection of monolithic reinforced concrete structures can be carried out, as a rule, using several methods of winter concreting. The choice of method should be made based on the requirements of the minimum values of labor intensity and energy intensity, cost and duration of work, as well as taking into account local conditions (outdoor temperature, scope of work, availability of special equipment, electrical power, etc.).

Promising are the combined methods of winter concreting, which are a combination of two or more traditional methods, for example, a thermos + the use of concrete with antifreeze additives, electrical heating or heating in the heating formwork of concrete containing antifreeze additives, electrical treatment of concrete in greenhouses, etc.

Thermos way

The essence of the method consists in heating the concrete by heating the aggregates and water and using the heat released during the hardening of the cement to acquire the specified strength by the concrete during its slow cooling in the heat-insulated formwork.

Application of concrete with antifreeze additives

The essence of the method lies in the introduction into the concrete mixture during its preparation of additives that lower the freezing point of water, ensuring the reaction of cement hydration and concrete hardening at temperatures below 0 °C.

Additives are introduced into the concrete mixture in the form of aqueous solutions of a working concentration, which are obtained by mixing concentrated solutions of additives with mixing water and fed into the concrete mixer through a water dispenser.

Preliminary electrical heating of the concrete mix

The essence of the method lies in the rapid heating of the concrete mixture outside the formwork by passing an electric current through it, laying the mixture in the insulated formwork, while the concrete reaches the desired strength in the process of slow cooling.

Preliminary electrical heating of the concrete mixture is carried out in the bodies of dump trucks using the equipment of the post for heating the mixture.

Upon delivery of the concrete mix by truck mixers, the mixture is preheated at the heating post, followed by loading the truck mixer with the heated mixture.

In order to avoid excessive thickening of the combustible concrete mixture, the duration of its heating should not exceed 15 minutes, and the duration of transportation and laying - 20 minutes.

An exoteric method can be used to preheat the concrete mixture. When the mixture is mixed with aluminum powder, an exothermic (with heat release) reaction occurs.

Electrical heating of concrete

The essence of electric heating of concrete consists in passing through it, as through an ohmic resistance, an alternating current, as a result of which heat is released in the concrete.

Steel electrodes are used to apply voltage to concrete.

To power electrical heating and other methods of electrical heat treatment, it is generally allowed to use step-down transformers.

Heating of concrete in thermoactive formwork

The heating method is advisable when using inventory formwork with a steel or plywood deck when concreting walls, ceilings, etc.

It is especially effective in the construction of structures and structures, the concreting of which must be carried out without interruption, as well as structures saturated with reinforcement. The method of heating is economically and technologically expedient not only when using collapsible-adjustable formwork, but also block, volumetric-adjustable, rolling and sliding formwork.

The use of thermoactive formwork does not cause additional requirements for the composition of the concrete mixture and does not limit the use of plasticizing additives. Heating of concrete in a heating formwork can be combined with electric heating of the concrete mix, using antifreeze chemical additives or hardening accelerators.

Heating of concrete structures is carried out after the formwork for concreting. Those parts of the structure that are not covered with thermoactive formwork are insulated with flexible coatings (blankets) made of fiberglass and glass wool.

The technology of concreting in thermoactive formwork practically does not differ from the technology of work in the summer. To prevent heat loss from horizontal surfaces during breaks in the laying of the concrete mix and the outdoor temperature is below minus 20 ° C, the concreted structure is covered with a tarpaulin or film material.

Heating of concrete using heating wires

The essence of the method of heating concrete with the use of heating wires is the heating of concrete with the help of wires in the concrete, which are heated when an electric current is passed. The wires are fixed on the reinforcing bars of the meshes and frames before laying the concrete mix.

Heating concrete with hot air

The use of hot air for heating concrete leads to large heat losses. Therefore, this method is advisable to use at a low negative outdoor temperature and sufficiently reliable and tight thermal insulation. Hot air is obtained in electric heaters or fire heaters operating on liquid fuel.

2.35. The list of machines and equipment is given in the table.

2.36. The list of technological equipment, tools, inventory and fixtures is given in the table.

List of machines and equipment

Table 1

Name of machines, mechanisms and equipment	Type, brand	Technical specifications	Purpose

Automobile crane		Telescopic boom length 8 - 18 m. Load capacity 16 t	Supply of reinforcement, formwork, concrete mix
concrete pump truck	SB-170-1 (SB-170-1A)	Distribution boom feed range - 19 m. Productivity up to 65 m 3 / h	Concrete supply
concrete mixer truck		The geometric volume of the drum is 6.1 m 3 . The output of the finished mixture is not less than 4.5 m 3	Transportation of concrete mix
Welding transformer		Mains voltage 200/380 V. Rated power 32 kW. Weight 210 kg	Welding
Compressor			Compressed air supply

List of technological equipment, tools, inventory and fixtures

Table 2

Name of equipment, tools, inventory and fixtures

Brand, GOST, TU or developer organization, working drawing number

Technical specifications

Purpose

Quantity per link (team), pcs.

The bunker is rotary

Capacity 1.6 m 3

Concrete supply

Red-heating tank

Capacity - 20 l, weight - 20 kg

Formwork panel lubrication

Paint sprayer manual pneumatic

Weight - 0.66 kg

Formwork panel lubrication

Device for knitting reinforcing bars

Orgtechstroy

Assembly of extension frames

Clamp for temporary fastening of reinforcing mesh

AOZT TsNIIOMTP

Reinforcing works

Clamp for temporary fastening of reinforcing cages

Mosorgpromstroy

Reinforcing works

Constructor for assembly of reinforcing cages

Giproorgselstroy

Reinforcing works

spinner

Reinforcing works

Drill universal

Drill diameter up to 13 mm, weight 2 kg

Hole drilling

Electric holder

Welding

Deep vibrator

Vibrator tip length 440 mm, weight 15 kg

Concrete compaction

Sling six-branch universal

CJSC TsNIIOMTP R. Ch. 907-300.000

Structural slinging

Scrap assembly

LM-24 GOST 1405-83

Weight 4.4 kg

Straightening elements

Bench chisel

GOST 1211-86*E

Weight 0.2 kg

Cleaning of welding spots

Bench hammer

GOST 2310-77*E

Weight 0.8 kg

Cleaning of welding spots

Construction steel hammer

Weight 2.2 kg

Tapping concrete

Weight 0.34 kg

Leveling the mortar

Blacksmith's blunt-nosed sledgehammer

GOST 11402-90

Weight 4.5 kg

Bending reinforcing bars

mortar shovel

Weight 2.04 kg

Solution supply

Metal brush

TU 494-61-04-76

Weight 0.26 kg

Reinforcement rust removal

Metal scraper

Weight 2.1 kg

Cleaning formwork from concrete

wrenches

GOST 2838-80E

Formwork

1 set

Shears for cutting rebar

GOST 4210-75E

Weight 2.95 kg

Reinforcing works

Combination pliers

Weight 0.2 kg

Reinforcing works

End cutters

GOST 28037-89E

Weight 0.22 kg

Reinforcing works

File

A-400 GOST 1465-80

Weight 1.33 kg

Reinforcing works

Measuring tape

GOST 7520-89*

Construction steel plumb line

Weight 0.425 kg

Control and measuring works

Construction level

Weight 0.4 kg

Control and measuring works

Goggles

ZP2-84 GOST 12.4.013-85E

Weight 0.07 kg

Safety

Protective shield for electric welder

Weight 0.48 kg

Safety

Construction helmet

Safety

For all link

Safety belt

GOST 12.4.089-80

Safety

For all link

Rubber gloves

GOST 20010-93

Concrete works

Rubber boots

GOST 5375-79*

Concrete works

Table 3

Name of technological processes to be controlled	Subject of control	Method of control and tool	Control time	Responsible for control	Specifications for quality assessment

Reinforcement acceptance	Compliance of reinforcing bars and meshes with the project (according to the passport)	Visually	Before installation	Work Producer
Reinforcement acceptance	Diameter and distances between working rods	Vernier caliper, measuring ruler	Before grid installation
Reinforcement installation	Deviation from the design dimensions of the protective layer thickness	Measuring ruler	In progress		Permissible deviation with a protective layer thickness of more than 15 mm - 5 mm; with a protective layer thickness of 15 mm or less - 3 mm
	Displacement of reinforcing bars during their installation in the formwork, as well as in the manufacture of reinforcing cages and meshes	Measuring ruler	In progress		The allowable deviation should not exceed 1/5 of the largest diameter of the rod and 1/4 of the installed rod
	Deviation from the design dimensions of the position of the axes of the vertical frames	Geodetic instrument	In progress		Tolerance 5 mm
Formwork acceptance and sorting	Availability of formwork kits. Element marking	Visually	In progress	Work Producer
Formwork installation	Displacement of the formwork axes from the design position	Measuring ruler	During installation		Tolerance 15 mm
Formwork installation	Deviation of the formwork plane from the vertical to the entire height of the foundation	Plumb, measuring ruler	During installation		Tolerance 20 mm
Concrete laying	Thickness of layers of concrete mix	Visually	In progress		The layer thickness should be no more than 1.25 of the length of the working part of the vibrator
	Concrete compaction, concrete care	Visually	In progress		The vibrator shift step should not be more than 1.5 of the vibrator action radius, the immersion depth should be slightly greater than the thickness of the laid concrete layer. Favorable temperature and humidity conditions for concrete hardening should be ensured by protecting it from the effects of wind, direct sunlight and systematic moistening.
	Mobility of the concrete mix	Cone Stroy - TsNIL-press (PSU-500)	Before concreting	Construction laboratory	The mobility of the concrete mixture should be 1 - 3 cm of the draft of the cone according to SNiP 3.03.01-87
	The composition of the concrete mix when laying with a truck-mounted concrete pump	By experienced pumping	Before concreting	Construction laboratory	Experimental pumping of a concrete mix by a concrete concrete pump and testing of concrete samples, production of concrete mixture samples used after pumping
Structural stripping	Checking compliance with the terms of stripping, the absence of damage to concrete during stripping	Visually		Foreman, construction laboratory

4. CALCULATION OF LABOR AND MACHINE TIME

Table 4

Name of technological processes

Unit measurements

Scope of work

Justification (ENiR and other standards)

Norms of time

labor costs

workers, man-hour

machinists, man-hour

workers, man-hour (machine-hour)

machinists, man-hour (machine-hour)

Mounting and dismantling of formwork

Auxiliary work

Unloading formwork elements from vehicles

ENiR 1987

§ E1-5 tab. 2 no. 1a, b

Structure sorting

ENiR 1987

§ E5-1-1 No. 3

Pre-assembly of panels

ENiR 1987

§ E4-1-40 No. 1

Total :

Formwork installation

Supply of enlarged panels to the installation site

ENiR 1987

§ E1-6 tab. 2 no. 17a, b

Installation of enlarged panels

ENiR 1987

§ E4-1-37 tab. 2 No. 1 K = 0.9 (applicable)

Installing paving brackets

ENiR 1987

§ E5-1-2 No. 4

Total :

Formwork dismantling

Dismantling of enlarged formwork panels

ENiR 1987

§ E4-1-37 tab. 2 K = 9 (applicable)

Removing the bracket

ENiR 1987

§ E5-1-2 No. 4 K = 8 (PR-2)

Supply of enlarged panels to the storage area

ENiR 1987

§ E1-6 No. 17a, b

Total :

Reinforcement installation

Unloading of reinforcing meshes and frames

ENiR 1987

§ E1-5 tab. 2, no. 1a, b

Reinforcing mesh sorting:

ENiR 1987

§ E5-1-1 No. 3

ENiR 1987

§ E5-1-1 No. 3

Supply of nets by crane to the installation site

ENiR 1987

§ E1-6 tab. 2, no. 17a, b

Shoe reinforcing mesh installation:

ENiR 1987

§ E4-1-44 tab. 1, no. 1 a

ENiR 1987

§ E4-1-44 tab. 1, no. 1a

Pre-assembly of reinforcing cages at pre-assembly site

1 element/t

ENiR 1987

§ E5-1-3 tab. 2, no. 1k, 2k

Loading reinforcing cages on vehicles

ENiR 1987

§ E1-5, tab. 2, no. 1a, b

Delivery of reinforcing cages to the installation site by crane

ENiR 1987

§ E1-6, tab. 2, no. 17a, b

Installation of reinforcing cages by crane

ENiR 1987

§ E4-1-44 tab. 1, no. 2a

Rebar welding

ENiR 1987

§ E22-1-1 No. 26 K = 1.3 (B2-5)

Total :

Concrete works

Supply of concrete mix by crane

Receiving concrete mix from truck mixer to bunkers

Supply of concrete mix to the place of laying in bunkers by crane

ENiR 1987

§ E1-6 tab. 2, No. 15, 16 (by extrapolation)

ENiR 1987

§ E4-1-49 tab. 1, no. 4

Total :

Supply of concrete mix by truck-mounted concrete pump

Reception of concrete mix from a concrete mixer truck to a concrete pump hopper

Delivery of concrete mixture to the place of laying by a concrete pump truck

Laying concrete mixture in a structure up to 25 m 3

6.1. The need for materials, products and structures for the foundation is given in the table.

Table 6

Name of materials, products and structures (brand, GOST, TU)

Unit measurements

Initial data

Demand for the end product meter

Main developments

Unit normal measurements

Scope of work in normative units

Consumption rate

Small-panel metal formwork

m 2

19,1

Reinforcing mesh

0,654

concrete mix

m 3

SNiP IV-B4 § E2

m 3

* "Safety in construction", "Fire safety rules in the production of construction and installation works", "Rules for the design and safe operation of cranes".

7.2. The safety of the production of works must be ensured by: the choice of rational appropriate technological equipment;

preparation and organization of workplaces for the production of works;

the use of protective equipment for workers;

conducting a medical examination of persons admitted to work;

timely training and testing of knowledge of working personnel and engineers on safety in the production of construction and installation works.

Particular attention should be paid to the following:

methods of slinging structural elements should ensure their supply to the installation site in a position close to the design one;

elements of mounted structures during movement must be kept from swinging and rotating by flexible braces;

prevent people from being under the mounted structural elements until they are installed in the design position and secured;

when moving cargo by crane, the distance between the external dimensions of the carried cargo and the protruding parts of structures and obstacles along the course of movement must be horizontally at least 1 m, vertically at least 0.5 m; the erection and dismantling of the formwork can be started with the permission of the technical construction manager and must be carried out under the direct supervision of a specially appointed person of the technical staff;

moving a loaded or empty bunker is only allowed when the shutter is closed;

it is not allowed to touch the reinforcement with a vibrator and the worker to be in the zone of a possible fall of the bunker;

only persons who have a certificate for the right to work on this type of machine are allowed to operate concrete pumps.

7.4. When working at a height of more than 1.5 m, all workers are required to use safety belts with carabiners.

7.5. Dismantling of the formwork is allowed after the concrete has gained stripping strength and with the permission of the work supervisor.

7.6. Formwork is separated from concrete using jacks. The concrete surface must not be damaged during the tearing process.

7.7. Workplaces of electric welders must be fenced with special portable fences. Before starting welding, it is necessary to check the integrity of the insulation of the welding wires and electrode holders, as well as the tightness of the connection of all contacts. During breaks in operation, electric welding installations must be disconnected from the mains.

7.8. Loading and unloading operations, storage and installation of reinforcing cages must be carried out by inventory load gripping devices and in compliance with measures that exclude the possibility of falling, sliding and loss of stability of goods.

7.9. Cleaning the tray of the concrete mixer truck and the loading opening from the remnants of the concrete mixture is carried out only when the drum is stationary.

7.10. It is forbidden: operation of a concrete pump without outriggers; start the operation of the truck-mounted concrete pump without first pouring water into the flushing tank of the concrete transport cylinders, and into the concrete pipeline - "starting lubricant".

8. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Table 7

Name	Supply of concrete mix by crane in bunkers	Supply of concrete mix by concrete pump SB-170-1
Normative labor costs of workers, man-day
Normative costs of machine time, machine-shifts
Duration of work, shifts
Output per worker per shift, m 3 / person-shift

Calculation 1

Norms of time for unloading the concrete mixer truck SB-92V-2 in the tank.

The unloading time of the concrete mixer truck according to the technical characteristics of the concrete mixer truck is 8 minutes (0133 hours).

The useful capacity of the drum is 4 m 3 .

N. vr. for unloading 100 m 3 of concrete mix will be:

(100 ´ 0.133) / 4 ´ 1 = 3.32 machine hours

Calculation 2

Norms of time for the supply of concrete mix to the structure by the SB-170-1 concrete pump.

The operational performance of a concrete pump truck is determined by the formula

P e \u003d P t ´ K 1 ´ K 2,

where P t - technical performance of the concrete pump;

K 1 - coefficient of transition from technical to operational performance, K 1 \u003d 0.4;

K2 - the coefficient of performance reduction of the concrete pump, taking into account the non-constant mode of supply, K 2 = 0.65.

P e \u003d 60 ´ 0.4 ´ 0.65 \u003d 15.6 m 3 / h.

Serves a link of two people: the driver of a concrete pumping plant 4 razr. - 1 person, concrete worker 2 class. - 1 person

Norm of time per 100 m 3 of concrete mix for workers:

(100 ´ 1)/15.6 = 6.4 man-hours;

for the driver 100/15.6´ 1 = 6.4 machine hours

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHART (TTK)

DEVICE OF SHALLOW-DEPRECATED TAPE REINFORCED CONCRETE FOUNDATION

I. SCOPE

1.1. A typical technological map (hereinafter referred to as TTK) is a comprehensive organizational and technological document developed on the basis of methods of scientific organization of labor for the implementation of a technological process and determining the composition of production operations using the most modern means of mechanization and methods for performing work according to a specific given technology. TTK is intended for use in the development of Work Execution Projects (PPR) by construction departments.

1.2. This TTK provides guidance on the organization and technology of work, on the construction of a shallow foundation, defines the composition of production operations, requirements for quality control and acceptance of work, planned labor intensity of work, labor, production and material resources, measures for industrial safety and labor protection.

1.3. The regulatory framework for the development of a technological map are:

- standard drawings;

- building codes and regulations (SNiP, SN, SP);

- factory instructions and specifications (TU);

- norms and prices for construction and installation works (GESN-2001 ENiR);

- production norms for the consumption of materials (NPRM);

- local progressive norms and prices, labor costs norms, material and technical resources consumption norms.

1.4. The purpose of creating the TTC is to describe solutions for the organization and technology of work, for the construction of a shallow foundation, in order to ensure their high quality, as well as:

- cost reduction of works;

- reduction of construction time;

- ensuring the safety of work performed;

- organization of rhythmic work;

- rational use of labor resources and machines;

- unification of technological solutions.

1.5. On the basis of the TTK, as part of the WEP (as mandatory components of the Works Progress Project), Working Flow Charts (RTK) are developed for the performance of certain types of work on the construction of a shallow foundation.

The design features of their implementation are decided in each case by the Working Design. The composition and level of detail of materials developed in the RTC are established by the relevant contracting construction organization, based on the specifics and scope of work performed.

RTK are considered and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contractor Construction Organization.

1.6. TTK can be tied to a specific object and construction conditions. This process consists in clarifying the scope of work, means of mechanization, the need for labor and material and technical resources.

The procedure for linking the TTK to local conditions:

- consideration of map materials and selection of the desired option;

- verification of the compliance of the initial data (volumes of work, time standards, brands and types of mechanisms, building materials used, composition of the worker link) to the accepted option;

- adjustment of the scope of work in accordance with the chosen option for the production of work and a specific design solution;

- recalculation of costing, technical and economic indicators, the need for machines, mechanisms, tools and material and technical resources in relation to the chosen option;

- design of the graphic part with a specific binding of mechanisms, equipment and fixtures in accordance with their actual dimensions.

1.7. A typical flow chart was developed for engineering and technical workers (work foremen, foremen, foremen) and workers performing work in the III temperature zone, in order to familiarize (train) them with the rules for the production of work, for the construction of a shallow foundation using the most modern means of mechanization, progressive designs and methods of performing work.

The technological map has been developed for the following scopes of work:

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The technological map has been developed for a set of works on the construction of a shallow foundation.

2.2. Work on the construction of a shallow foundation is carried out by a mechanized detachment in one shift, the duration of working hours during the shift is:

Where T- the duration of the work shift without a lunch break;

To- output reduction factor;

To- conversion factor.

In calculating the norms of time and duration of work, a one-shift mode of operation was adopted with a working shift of 10 hours with a five-day working week. The net working time during the shift is taken, taking into account the coefficient of output reduction due to the increase in the duration of the shift compared to the 8-hour working shift, equal to To =0,05 and conversion factor To =1,25 total time for a 5-day working week ("Methodological recommendations for the organization of the rotational method of work in construction, M-2007").

where T- preparatory and final time, = 0.24 hours, including:

Breaks related to the organization and technology of the process include the following breaks:

Getting the job at the beginning of the shift and handing over the work at the end 10 min = 0.16 hour

Preparation of the workplace, tools, etc. 5 min=0.08 hour

2.3. The scope of work consistently performed during the construction of a shallow-buried foundation includes the following technological operations:

- geodetic breakdown of the location of the foundations;

- development of a trench for the foundation;

- device for sand preparation under the foundation;

- formwork device;

- manufacturing and installation of reinforcing cage;

- concreting of a monolithic foundation;

- waterproofing of side concrete surfaces;

- backfilling of the sinuses of the pit.

2.4. The technological map provides for the performance of work by an integrated mechanized unit consisting of: backhoe loader JCB 3CX m (bucket volume g=0.25 m, digging depth H=5.97 m); vibrating plate TSS-VP90N (weight P=90 kg, compaction depth h=150 mm up to K=0.95); concrete mixer truck CB-159A (capacity of the mixing drum for the output of the finished mixture V=4.5 m); swivel bucket BP "Shoe" (capacity V=1.0 m); manual deep vibrator IV-47B and truck jib crane KS-45717 (capacity Q=25.0 t) as a driving mechanism.

Fig.1. Working area of JCB 3CX m backhoe loader

A - Maximum digging depth - 5.97 m; B - Maximum reach of the bucket from the axis of the rear axle - 7.87 m; C - The maximum reach of the bucket from the axis of the rotary column - 6.52 m; D - Departure of the bucket from the axis of the rotary column at the maximum lifting height - 3.66 m; E - The maximum reach of the bucket from the axis of the machine when the boom is rotated by 90 ° - 7.09 m; F - Maximum bucket lifting height - 6.35 m; G - Maximum unloading height - 4.72 m; M - Unloading height - 2.74 m; N - Height of the horizontal bottom - 3.20 m; O - Height of the bucket hinge axis - 3.45 m; P - Departure of the bucket hinge axis - 0.36 m; Q - Departure of the bucket edge at ground level - 1.42 m; R - Maximum reach of the raised bucket - 1.20 m; S - Departure of the raised bucket during unloading - 0.83 m; T - Digging depth (cut layer thickness) - 0.10 m; U - Bucket tilt angle - 45°; V - Unloading angle - 43°; Jaw opening width - 0.95 m

Fig.2. Overall dimensions of the backhoe loader JCB 3CX m

A - overall length - 5.62 m; B - Wheelbase - 2.17 m; C - Distance from the axis of the rotary column to the rear axle of the bridge - 1.36 m; D - ground clearance from supports - 0.37 m; E - Ground clearance from the turntable - 0.52 m; F - Height of the center of the steering wheel - 1.94 m; G - Cabin roof height - 2.87 m; H - Overall height - 3.61 m; J - Overall width along the support frame - 2.36 m; K - Loader bucket width - 2.35 m

Fig.3. Vibratory plate TSS-VP90T

Fig.4. Vibrator IV-47B

Fig.5. Cargo characteristics of the automobile jib crane KS-45717

Fig.6. Concrete mixer truck SB-159A

Fig.7. Tub swivel

2.5. For the production of works on the construction of a shallow foundation, the following building materials, products and structures are used: concrete mix cl. B 20, W6, F100 according to GOST 7473-2010; coarse sand according to GOST 8736-93; edged softwood lumber VI c. 50 mm thick, according to GOST 8486-66*; reinforcing steel of class A-III (A400), A-I (A400), 12 mm 20 mm according to GOST 5781-82 *; building nails 100x4.0 mm according to GOST 4028-63; knitting wire 1.0 mm according to GOST 3282-74.
________________
* GOST 8486-66 has been cancelled. Instead, from 01/01/88, GOST 8486-86 was approved and put into effect. - Database manufacturer's note.

2.6. When performing work on the construction of a shallowly buried foundation, the requirements of the following regulatory documents should be followed:

- SP 48.13330.2011. "SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction. Updated edition";

- SNiP 3.01.03-84*. Geodetic works in construction;
________________
* SNiP 3.01.03-84 is not valid. Instead, SP 126.13330.2012 applies hereinafter. - Database manufacturer's note.

- Manual to SNiP 3.01.03-84. Production of geodetic works in construction;

- SNiP 3.02.01-87. Earth structures. Bases and foundations;

- Manual to SNiP 3.02.01-83 *. Manual for the production of work in the construction of foundations and foundations;

- P2-2000 to SNiP 3.03.01-87. Production of concrete works at the construction site;

- SNiP 2.02.01-83. "Foundations of buildings and structures";

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.14-2011. Organization of construction production. General provisions;

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.51-2011. Organization of construction production. Preparation and production of construction and installation works;

- STO NOSTROY 2.6.54-2011. (Amendment No. 1 dated September 19, 2013). Monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Technical requirements for production, rules and methods of work control;

- VSN 29-85. Designing shallow foundations of low-rise rural buildings on heaving soils;

- SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

- SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;

- RD 11-02-2006. Requirements for the composition and procedure for maintaining as-built documentation during construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction facilities and the requirements for certificates of examination of work, structures, sections of engineering and technical support networks;

- RD 11-05-2007. The procedure for maintaining a general and (or) special journal for recording the performance of work during construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction projects.

III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

3.1. In accordance with SP 48.13330.2001 "SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction. Updated edition" prior to the commencement of construction and installation works at the facility, the Contractor is obliged to obtain from the Customer, in the prescribed manner, project documentation and a permit (order) for the performance of construction and installation works . Performing work without a permit (warrant) is prohibited.

3.2. Prior to the commencement of work on the construction of a shallowly buried foundation, it is necessary to carry out a set of organizational and technical measures, including:

- develop RTK or PPR for the device of the foundation of the building;

- appoint persons responsible for the safe performance of work, as well as their control and quality of performance;

- briefing the members of the safety team;

- establish temporary inventory household premises for storing building materials, tools, inventory, heating workers, eating, drying and storing work clothes, bathrooms, etc.;

- provide the site with working documentation approved for the production of work;

- prepare machines, mechanisms and equipment for the production of work and deliver them to the facility;

- provide workers with manual machines, tools and personal protective equipment;

- provide the construction site with fire-fighting equipment and signaling equipment;

- prepare places for storing building materials, products and structures;

- fence the construction site and put up warning signs illuminated at night;

- provide communication for operational and dispatching control of the production of works;

- deliver to the work area the necessary materials, fixtures, inventory, tools and means for the safe performance of work;

- check quality certificates, passports for sand, reinforcing steel, lumber, concrete mix;

- to test construction machines, means of mechanization of work and equipment according to the nomenclature provided for by the RTK or PPR;

- draw up an act of readiness of the object for the production of work;

Obtain permission from the technical supervision of the Customer to start work (clause 4.1.3.2 of RD 08-296-99).
________________
* RD 08-296-99 is not valid. - Database manufacturer's note.

3.3. General instructions

3.3.1. This type of foundation is a cross between a capital buried and non-buried strip foundation. It is a monolithic strip of reinforced concrete, running along the perimeter of the building and in places where the bearing walls of the building will subsequently be erected.

3.3.2. A shallow foundation is located at a shallow depth (much higher than the freezing depth of the soil). The basic principle of its operation: during frosty heaving of the soil, a shallowly buried tape, being, as it were, a rigid reinforced frame, evenly rises and falls along with the house with the change of seasons. Since the displacements are uniform, therefore the foundation does not collapse.

3.3.3. To reduce the depth of soil freezing in the area around the foundation, which leads to a decrease in heaving, it is necessary to carry out such measures as:

- turfing of the site and planting shrubs that accumulate snow deposits;

- construction of expanded clay cushion under the blind area with a thickness of 20-30 cm;

- laying under the blind area around the entire perimeter of the house to a width of at least 1 meter extruded polystyrene foam. It makes no sense to use ordinary foam. Over time, it collects water and loses its heat-insulating properties.

3.3.4. It is not allowed to leave a shallowly buried foundation unloaded for the winter. The wall and roof must be built in the same season as the foundation. If for some reason this cannot be done, it is necessary to protect it from freezing for the winter (cover it with straw, slag, sawdust, etc.).

3.3.5. The side surfaces of reinforced concrete structures in contact with the ground must be coated with hot bitumen brand BN 70/30 twice over a layer of cold bituminous primer with a total thickness of at least 1.5 mm.

Fig.8. Scheme of a shallow foundation for load-bearing walls:

1 - foundation; 2 - sand cushion; 3 - waterproofing; 4 - floor slab; 5 - wall blocks; 6 - brickwork; 7 - fittings

3.4. Preparatory work

3.4.1. Prior to the start of work on the construction of a shallow foundation, the preparatory work provided for by the TTC must be completed, including:

- construction site accepted from the customer;

- the area within the foundation was cleared of shrubs, stumps and large stones;

- the vegetation layer was cut off and taken to temporary storage sites;

- a preliminary vertical layout has been completed;

- a geodetic center base (GDS) was created and technical documentation for it was accepted from the Customer;

- marking work of the trench under the building was completed;

- Temporary drainage is arranged (if necessary).

3.4.2. The construction site is transferred to the person carrying out the construction by the technical customer under the Act of transfer of the land plot for the construction site, in accordance with Appendix B, STO NOSTROY 2.33.51-2011.

3.4.3. The technology for clearing the area from shrubs, stumps and large stones, cutting the vegetation layer and transporting it to temporary storage sites and preliminary vertical planning of the site are considered in separate technological maps.

3.4.4. Geodetic center base

3.4.4.1. The geodetic marking base for construction is created in the form of a network of geodetic points fixed with signs, designed to determine with the necessary accuracy the planned and high-altitude position on the ground of buildings, structures and their complexes with reference to the points of the state geodetic network.

3.4.4.2. The grid is a system of squares or rectangles covering the construction site. The direction of the axes of the building grid is chosen parallel to the axes of buildings and structures or the red building lines. Grid points are planned in places that ensure their sufficient stability and convenience for performing geodetic work outside the excavation area.

3.4.4.3. For the convenience of compiling layout drawings and conducting geodetic work, the points of the building grid are calculated in a conditional coordinate system. One of the vertices is assigned conditional coordinates so that the coordinates of all other network points are positive. The direction of the main axes of the grid is combined with the directions of the abscissa and ordinate axes. The grid points are numbered sequentially.

3.4.4.4. The removal of points of the construction grid into nature is carried out from the points of the geodetic network or from solid local objects and contours. First, the initial direction is determined on the ground using polar methods: angular or linear serifs, measurements from solid contours. For control, at least three points of the initial direction are taken out. Linear measurements are performed with an accuracy of 1:1000-1:2000, angular - 30-60". The points of the initial direction are fixed with wooden or concrete signs.

The construction of the GDS should be carried out after cutting the vegetative layer of soil and performing preliminary vertical planning.

3.4.4.5. The technical documentation for the GDO and the points of the geodetic base fixed at the construction site are transferred to the person carrying out the construction by the technical customer at least 10 days before the start of the construction and installation work, consisting of:

- signs of the marking network of the construction site;

- planned (axial) signs of the external marking network of a building (structure) in the amount of at least four for each axis, fixing the main (main) marking axes, as well as the axes that determine the dimensions of buildings and axes in places of expansion (expansion) joints;

- planned (axial) signs of engineering networks that determine the axis, beginning, end of the route, wells (chambers) fixed on straight sections at least after 0.5 km and at turning angles and sharp breaks in the route;

- leveling benchmarks along the boundaries and inside the built-up area at each building (structure), fixed at least one, along the axes of engineering networks at least every 0.5 km;

- catalogs of coordinates, heights and outlines of all GDO points.

3.4.4.6. The accepted signs of the geodetic marking base during the construction process must be constantly monitored for safety and stability and checked instrumentally at least twice a year (during the spring and autumn-winter periods).

3.4.4.7. Acceptance of GDS for construction should be formalized by an act of survey of the geodetic staking base of the capital construction object in accordance with Appendix 1, RD 11-02-2006.

3.4.4.8. The act of acceptance of the GDS should be accompanied by an Executive diagram of the geodetic staking base at the construction site indicating the location of points, types and depth of laying of signs fixing them, coordinates of points and elevations in the accepted system of coordinates and heights.

3.4.5. Geodetic marking works of the building

3.4.5.1. The geodetic breakdown of the trench consists in marking it on the ground. The breakdown is carried out in two planes: horizontal and vertical.

3.4.5.2. With a horizontal breakdown, the position of the axes of the building under construction is determined and fixed on the ground and the outline of the pit is outlined in plan, and with a vertical breakdown, its depth.

3.4.5.3. To determine the position of the building on the ground and transfer to nature its dimensions on the general plan, a geodetic building grid is applied in a conditional coordinate system with a side of squares of 100-100 m. The coordinate axes are oriented parallel to the axes of the building and the main building line. The position of the building on the general plan is determined by calculating the distances from its characteristic points to the nearest grid lines.

3.4.5.4. The building grid must be tied to the points of the geodetic staking base of the topographic survey of the area, according to which the general plan was drawn up and transferred to the area by any method known in engineering geodesy. The tops of the grid squares are fixed with pegs. The geodetic building grid constructed in this way on the ground is a guideline for transferring the project to nature, its planned and high-altitude justification (see Fig. 9).

Fig.9. Linking a building to a geodetic building grid

3.4.5.5. The main or main axes of the building are divided on the ground from the points of the planned grid network of the construction site.

3.4.5.6. The breakdown of the main or main axes of the building should be carried out on the basis of the general plan of the construction site, which should indicate the binding of the axes of the building to the points of the planned and high-altitude grid lines (red lines, points of the construction grid, etc.).

3.4.5.7. The breakdown of the axes begins with the removal of two extreme points that determine the position of the longest longitudinal axis. Removal is carried out by the method of rectangular or polar coordinates, linear or angular serifs.

3.4.5.8. The transverse axes are split from the previously taken out points of the axis by constructing right angles. The points of intersection of the extended transverse axes with the longitudinal axis are determined by linear measurements. The axes passing through the corner points must be fixed with additional signs placed at a certain distance in both directions. An example of the breakdown of the axes of the house and the correctness of their breakdown is shown in Fig. 10.

Fig.10. Fixing the axes of the building on the ground

3.4.5.9. The main (main) axes of buildings are fixed with signs in the form of cast-offs (see Fig. 11), installed along the theodolite parallel to the outer walls at a distance of 3-4 m, the position of which is fixed in the layout drawing. In the drawing, all dimensions are given from the extreme mutually perpendicular axes of the building, taking them as the origin of coordinates.

The cast-off consists of pillars firmly buried in the ground to a depth of 0.6-0.7 m, and nailed to them horizontally from the outside with boards 30-40 mm thick (on the edge), at an angle of 90 °. The upper edge of all boards is placed horizontally, which is controlled using a level. The distance between the cast-off posts is 1.5 m, and the height above ground level is 0.8-0.9 m.

All data from the layout drawing is taken out on a cast-off. On the boards, the axial lines of the foundation are marked with a tape measure, fixing them by nailing and corresponding inscriptions. To carry the markings from the cast-off to the surface of the earth, a wire is pulled between the opposite boards of the cast-off, and a plumb line is lowered at the intersection point. In the places of fastening of the center axles (wire or fishing line), for their better fixation in the boards, cast-offs are made not deep cuts and fixed with nails. At the fracture points of the longitudinal profile, on the cast-offs along the level, the elevation marks of the soil base, sand preparation and foundation are noted.

Fig.11. Wooden cast-off boards:

1 - cast-off board; 2 - wire chalk; 3 - plumb

3.4.5.10. The surveyor, using a theodolite, transfers the alignments of the axes to the upper edge of the boards and fixes them with nails or risks. The breakdown of the places of drawing risks is carried out by the method of alignment serifs from the axes X and Y center grid available in the working drawings. For a relative mark 0,000 the mark of the top of the foundation of the building was adopted, corresponding to the absolute mark available on the general plan. By periodically pulling a wire between the nails along the cast-off, fixed axes of the foundation are obtained, the intermediate axes are transferred by the method of linear measurements. With a stretched wire, using a plumb line, the accuracy of excerpts of the trench is controlled, and then the axial wires are used to build the foundation of the structure. For the vertical breakdown of the foundation of the building, marks are transferred from permanent benchmarks to a cast-off and fixed by nailing.

3.4.5.11. At the end of the breakdown, the location of the foundation breakdown sites in the trench is checked using the theodolite and fixed with remote folding stakes. The breakdown accuracy is assigned according to SNiP 3.01.03-84 (Table 2) and agreed with the design organization or directly calculated and set by it. Stakeout points damaged in the course of work must be immediately restored.

3.4.5.12. The work performed must be presented to the representative of the Customer's technical supervision for inspection and documentation by signing the act of laying out the axes of the capital construction object on the ground in accordance with Appendix 2, RD 11-02-2006 and obtain permission to cut a trench under the foundation of the building.

3.4.5.13. The act of laying out the axes must be accompanied by an Executive scheme for stakeout (layout) of the main axes of the building indicating the location of points, types and depth of laying of signs fixing them, coordinates of points and elevations in the accepted system of coordinates and heights.

3.4.6. The completion of the preparatory work is recorded in the General Work Log (The recommended form is given in RD 11-05-2007) and must be accepted according to the Act on the implementation of labor safety measures, drawn up in accordance with Appendix I, SNiP 12-03-2001.

3.5. Monolithic strip foundation

3.5.1. A shallowly buried monolithic strip foundation consists of a continuous strip of reinforced concrete, which is located centrally under the load-bearing walls or structures of the house. A shallowly buried strip foundation takes the load from the house and redistributes it to the ground without causing additional compaction. The bearing capacity of the soil should be greater than the loads per unit area transmitted by a shallowly buried strip foundation from the building.

3.5.2. A shallowly buried strip foundation is best arranged on:

- not heaving soils;

- weakly heaving homogeneous soils;

- soils with a low level of groundwater;

- distance from large trees equal to their height;

- non-flooded areas;

- in radon-safe areas.

3.5.3. It is forbidden to build a shallowly buried strip foundation on:

- biogenic organic soils (peat, saporpel, silt);

- heterogeneous soil layers;

- junction of different underlying soils;

- extremely heaving soils (plastic clayey water-saturated soil, water-saturated silty sands);

- flooded territories;

- areas with very high groundwater levels.

3.5.4. The minimum depth of laying a shallowly buried strip foundation is determined by:

- depth of soil freezing;

- the degree of heaving of the soil;

- height of groundwater.

3.5.5. The more water in the soil is closer to the surface (planning level) and the greater the depth of freezing of the soil, the stronger the heaving forces acting on the shallowly buried foundation from below, tangentially and laterally will be. These forces will push the shallow foundation to the surface and will compress the foundation.

3.5.6. To reduce the impact of these forces, the strip foundation must be deepened. In addition to deepening, the forces of frost heaving can be influenced by soil warming, the installation of non-removable insulated, full or partial soil replacement, its compaction, drainage and drainage.

3.5.7. It is very important to protect shallow foundations from water (precipitation, melt water). It is imperative to make a layout of the building site with a slope from the foundation of at least 0.03 (i.e. 3 cm per 1 meter). If you add soil, be sure to compact it in layers. Water flowing down gutters from the roof must also be diverted away from the foundation.

3.6. Calculation of foundation parameters

3.6.1. The depth of laying a shallowly buried strip foundation can be set regardless of the estimated freezing depth, if the foundation is supported by sands with a confirmed absence of heaving (see table 1).

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHART (TTK)

INSTALLATION OF THE FOUNDATION FROM WALL BLOCKS

I. SCOPE

1.1. A typical technological map (hereinafter referred to as TTK) is a comprehensive regulatory document that establishes, according to a specific technology, the organization of work processes for the construction of a structure using the most modern means of mechanization, progressive designs and methods of performing work. They are designed for some average working conditions. The TTC is intended for use in the development of Projects for the production of works (PPR), other organizational and technological documentation, as well as for the purpose of familiarizing (training) workers and engineering and technical workers with the rules for the production of work on the installation of a prefabricated strip foundation made of reinforced concrete slabs and basement wall concrete blocks under the building.

1.2. This map provides instructions on the organization and technology of work on the installation of a prefabricated strip foundation for a building, rational means of mechanization, data on quality control and acceptance of work, industrial safety and labor protection requirements in the production of work.

1.3. The regulatory framework for the development of technological maps are: SNiP, SN, SP, GESN-2001 ENiR, production norms for the consumption of materials, local progressive norms and prices, norms for labor costs, norms for the consumption of material and technical resources.

1.4. The purpose of the creation of the TC is to describe the decisions on the organization and technology of the production of works on the installation of the foundation in order to ensure their high quality, as well as:

- cost reduction of works;

- reduction of construction time;

- ensuring the safety of work performed;

- organization of rhythmic work;

- unification of technological solutions.

1.5. On the basis of the TTC, as part of the PPR (as mandatory components of the Work Execution Project), Working Flow Charts (RTC) are developed for the performance of certain types of work. Working technological maps are developed on the basis of standard maps for the specific conditions of a given construction organization, taking into account its design materials, natural conditions, the available fleet of machines and building materials, tied to local conditions. Working technological maps regulate the means of technological support and the rules for the implementation of technological processes in the production of work. Design features for the installation of a prefabricated strip foundation for a building are decided in each case by the Working Design. The composition and level of detail of materials developed in the RTC are established by the relevant contracting construction organization, based on the specifics and scope of work performed. Working flow charts are reviewed and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Construction Contractor, in agreement with the Customer's organization, the Customer's Technical Supervision.

1.6. The technological map is intended for the foremen of work, foremen and foremen performing work on the installation of a prefabricated strip foundation for the building, as well as employees of the technical supervision of the Customer and is designed for specific conditions for the performance of work in the III temperature zone.

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The technological map has been developed for a set of works on the installation of a prefabricated strip foundation for the building.

2.2. Work on the installation of a prefabricated strip foundation for the building is carried out in one shift, the working time during the shift is:

where is the coefficient of use of mechanisms in time during the shift (the time associated with preparing for work and conducting the ETO is 15 minutes; breaks associated with the organization and technology of the production process and the driver's rest are 10 minutes after each hour of work).

2.3. The technological map provides for the performance of work by an integrated mechanized link using Truck crane KS-4561A(see Fig.1 and Fig.2) load capacity .

Fig.1. General view of the truck crane KS-4561A

Fig.2. Altitude and load characteristics of the crane KS-4561A

2.4. Works on the device of a prefabricated strip foundation include:

- geodetic breakdown of the location of the foundations;

- the device of a crushed stone pillow;

- device for concrete preparation;

- installation of foundation reinforced concrete slabs;

- installation of wall foundation blocks;

- arrangement of a leveling reinforced concrete belt along the top of the foundation;

- lateral coating waterproofing of the foundation;

- backfilling of the sinuses of the pit.

2.5. Concrete blocks and reinforced concrete foundation slabs are used for the installation of a strip prefabricated foundation.

Fig.3. Foundation blocks in accordance with GOST 13579-78 * and slabs in accordance with GOST 13580-85

2.6. Work should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

- SP 48.13330.2011. Organization of construction;

- SNiP 3.01.03-84. Geodetic works in construction;

- SNiP 3.02.01-87. Earthworks, foundations and foundations;

- SNiP 3.03.01-87. Bearing and enclosing structures;

- SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

- SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;

- RD 11-02-2006. Requirements for the composition and procedure for maintaining as-built documentation during construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction facilities and the requirements for certificates of examination of work, structures, sections of engineering and technical support networks;

- RD 11-05-2007. The procedure for maintaining a general and (or) special journal for recording the performance of work during construction, reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction facilities;

- PB 10-382-00. Rules for the construction and safe operation of cranes;

- VSN 274-88 Safety regulations for the operation of self-propelled jib cranes.

III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

3.1. In accordance with SP 48.13330.2011 "Organization of construction", prior to the commencement of construction and installation works at the facility, the Contractor is obliged to obtain from the Customer project documentation and permission to perform construction and installation works in the prescribed manner. Work without permission is prohibited.

3.2. Prior to the start of work on the foundation, it is necessary to carry out a set of preparatory work and organizational and technical measures, including:

Appoint persons responsible for the quality and safe performance of work;

Conduct safety briefings for team members;

Place the necessary machines, mechanisms and inventory in the work area;

Arrange temporary driveways and entrances to the place of work;

Provide communication for operational and dispatching control of the production of works;

Establish temporary inventory household premises for storing building materials, tools, inventory, heating workers, eating, drying and storing work clothes, bathrooms, etc.

Provide workers with tools and personal protective equipment;

Prepare places for storing materials, inventory and other necessary equipment;

Secure the construction site and post warning signs illuminated at night;

Provide the construction site with fire-fighting equipment and signaling equipment;

Draw up an act of readiness of the object for the production of work;

Obtain permits for the performance of work from the technical supervision of the Customer.

3.3. Prior to the installation of foundation blocks, the following activities and works must be performed:

A foundation pit has been developed for the building;

A crushed-stone pillow under the foundation is arranged;

Concrete preparation for the foundation has been arranged;

Designs that passed the input control were selected;

Planned and prepared sites for storage of foundations;

The foundations were delivered and laid out in the area of the crane operation;

A breakdown of the installation sites of foundations was made;

The necessary mounting means, devices and tools were delivered to the installation area.

3.4. General instructions

3.4.1. The bulk soil in the places of installation of foundations should be carefully compacted to 0.95. Under the foundation slabs, carry out crushed stone preparation with a thickness of 600 mm from M400 crushed stone, fraction 40-70 mm, with a smaller fraction of 20-40 mm and 10-20 mm, with layer-by-layer compaction up to 0.95. Present the completed work to the Customer for signing the certificates of examination of hidden work in accordance with Appendix 3, RD 11-02-2006.

3.4.2. Under the strip foundations of the internal partitions, prepare from a sand-gravel mixture 100 mm thick. Under monolithic foundations, prepare from concrete class. AT 10 O'CLOCK, W4, F100, 100 mm thick. Present the completed work to the Customer for signing the certificates of examination of hidden work in accordance with Appendix 3, RD 11-02-2006.

3.5. Slabs and blocks of foundations are stored on open, planned sites with a coating of crushed stone or sand (H = 5 ... 10 cm) in stacks, with a total height of up to 2.0 m.

Fig.4. Storage schemes for foundation slabs and blocks

Gaskets between products are stacked one above the other strictly vertically, otherwise cracks form in the products and they can collapse. The cross section of gaskets and linings is usually square, with sides of at least 25 cm. The dimensions are selected so that the overlying blocks do not rest on the protruding parts of the underlying ones.

The storage areas are separated by through passages with a width of at least 1.0 m every two stacks in the longitudinal direction and every 25 m in the transverse direction. To pass to the ends of the products, gaps equal to 0.7 m are arranged between the stacks.

3.6. The marking of the places of installation of foundation blocks is carried out by the method of alignment serifs from the axial points of the structure. Axial points of the structure are divided on the ground from the axes X and Y. The points are fixed on a cast-off located outside the work area. For a relative mark 0,000 the mark of the top of the clean floor of the building is accepted, corresponding to the absolute mark indicated in the working drawings

The surveyor, using a theodolite, transfers the axes to the cast-off with fixing them with two nails hammered into the cast-off boards, the intermediate axes are transferred by the method of linear measurements. By pulling the wire between the nails, they get fixed axes for installing foundation blocks. From a stretched wire, using a plumb line, the axles are transferred to preparation, where they are fixed with clogged wooden pegs or metal pins. The accuracy of marking work must comply with the requirements of SNiP 3.01.03-84.

3.7. When installing foundation slabs, first measure the design position of the outer edge of the slab from the point of intersection of the axes with a meter and hammer in two metal pins so that the wire mooring stretched between them is located 2 ... 3 mm behind the line of the foundation slab. After marking the position of the plates in preparation and removing the wire along the axes, they proceed to their installation.

Fig.5. Marking the position of foundation slabs

1 - cast-off; 2 - end base plates; 3 - mooring

Technological map for the installation of a strip foundation. The correct order of installation of foundation blocks and the technological map. III. Requirements at work

1 AREA OF USE

3 QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS

1 AREA OF USE

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

Formwork

Reinforcing works

Concrete works

List of machines and equipment

List of technological equipment, tools, inventory and fixtures

4. CALCULATION OF LABOR AND MACHINE TIME

8. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

I. SCOPE

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

I. SCOPE

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

Report a typo

Text to be sent to our editors:

Your comment (optional):