Signs on the officer line. Military history, weapons, old and military maps. Games and graphic exercises with an officer's ruler

Application of symbols on topographic maps and other working documents).

In English - combat mission plotter (line of combat events)

It is used for orientation on a topographic map, on the ground, determining coordinates, with its help it is possible to draw fonts, figures, numbers, measure angles. In fact, it is a universal tool and a complete set of drawing devices in one tool.

Intended for:

• measurements, including on topographic maps and plans;
• drawing on working documents (topographic map) conventional signs, such as:
  • own and enemy formations.
  • their intended tasks
  • their actions, planned and actual
  • placement of various weapons, equipment and means
  • use of various weapons and equipment
  • prohibited zones, zones of fires, floods, radiation, chemical, biological (bacteriological) contamination
  • military highways, routes, column roads
• creation of graphic images, schemes, plans.

Compound

Includes:

• ruler;
• protractor (180 degrees) with a two-sided millimeter scale of divisions;
• various geometric shapes (circles, rectangles, squares, triangles, ovals, and so on);
• special graphics and inscriptions Ruler officer, price and manufacturer;
• scale scale;
• stencils.

The size

Price

• USSR - 47 kopecks;
• Russian Federation - from 7 to 30 rubles.

see also

• Artillery Circle AK-3
• Chordogoniometer

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Notes

Literature

• I. D. Pombrik, N. A. Shevchenko, "Commander's Work Card", Military Publishing House, Moscow, 1967.
• Great Soviet Encyclopedia . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
• Textbook, "Military Topography", a team of authors, Military Publishing House, M., 1983.
• Combat Charter of the Ground Forces, Parts I, II, III, Military Publishing, M., 1983.
• Universal German-Russian Dictionary, Akademik.ru, 2011.

Links

An excerpt characterizing the Officer's line

This is the battle of Pultus, which is considered a great victory, but which is not at all such, in my opinion. We civilians have, as you know, a very bad habit of deciding whether to win or lose a battle. The one who retreated after the battle, he lost it, that's what we say, and judging by this, we lost the battle of Pultus. In a word, we retreat after the battle, but we send a courier to Petersburg with the news of the victory, and General Bennigsen does not yield command of the army to General Buxgevden, hoping to receive the title of commander-in-chief from Petersburg in gratitude for his victory. During this interregnum, we begin a very original and interesting series of maneuvers. Our plan is no longer, as it should be, to avoid or attack the enemy, but only to avoid General Buxhoeveden, who, by right of seniority, should have been our leader. We pursue this goal with such energy that even when we cross a river that has no fords, we burn the bridge in order to alienate our enemy, who at present is not Bonaparte, but Buxhoeveden. General Buxhoeveden was almost attacked and taken by a superior enemy force, as a result of one of these maneuvers that saved us from him. Buxhoeveden pursues us - we run. As soon as he crosses to our side of the river, we cross to the other. Finally, our enemy Buxhoeveden catches us and attacks. Both generals become angry and it comes to a challenge to a duel from Buxhowden and a fit of epilepsy from Bennigsen. But at the most critical moment, the courier who brought the news of the Pultus victory to St. Petersburg returns and brings us the appointment of the commander in chief, and the first enemy, Bukshoevden, is defeated. We can now think of a second enemy, Bonaparte. But it turns out that at this very moment a third enemy appears before us - the Orthodox, who with loud exclamations demands bread, beef, crackers, hay, oats - and you never know what else! The shops are empty, the roads are impassable. The Orthodox begin to plunder, and the plunder reaches such a degree that the last campaign could not give you the slightest idea. Half of the regiments form free teams that go around the country and put everything to the sword and flame. The inhabitants are completely ruined, the hospitals are overwhelmed with sick people, and there is hunger everywhere. Twice marauders attacked even the main apartment, and the commander-in-chief was forced to take a battalion of soldiers to drive them away. During one of these attacks, my empty suitcase and bathrobe were taken from me. The sovereign wants to give the right to all division chiefs to shoot marauders, but I am very afraid that this will not force one half of the army to shoot the other.]
Prince Andrei at first read with his eyes alone, but then involuntarily what he read (despite the fact that he knew how much Bilibin should have believed) began to interest him more and more. Having read up to this point, he crumpled up the letter and threw it away. It was not what he read in the letter that angered him, but he was angry that this local life, alien to him, could excite him. He closed his eyes, rubbed his forehead with his hand, as if banishing all interest in what he was reading, and listened to what was going on in the nursery. Suddenly he heard a strange sound outside the door. Fear came over him; he was afraid that something had happened to the child while he was reading the letter. He tiptoed over to the nursery door and opened it.
At the moment he entered, he saw that the nurse, with a frightened look, hid something from him, and that Princess Mary was no longer at the bed.
“My friend,” he heard behind him, desperate, as it seemed to him, the whisper of Princess Marya. As often happens after a long sleeplessness and a long excitement, an unreasonable fear came over him: it occurred to him that the child was dead. Everything he saw and heard seemed to him a confirmation of his fear.
It's all over, he thought, and a cold sweat broke out on his forehead! He walked over to the crib in confusion, confident that he would find it empty, that the nurse was hiding the dead child. He opened the curtains, and for a long time his frightened, darting eyes could not find the child. At last he saw him: the ruddy-faced boy, spread out, was lying across the bed, his head lowered below the pillow, and in his sleep he smacked his lips, and breathed evenly.
Prince Andrei was delighted to see the boy as if he had already lost him. He bent down and, as his sister had taught him, tried with his lips to see if the child had a fever. His tender forehead was wet, he touched his head with his hand - even his hair was wet: the child was sweating so much. Not only did he not die, but it was now obvious that the crisis had come to an end and that he had recovered. Prince Andrei wanted to seize, crush, press this small, helpless creature to his chest; he didn't dare to do it. He stood over him, looking at his head, arms, legs, defined under the covers. A rustle was heard beside him, and some kind of shadow appeared to him under the canopy of the bed. He did not look back and listened to everything, looking into the face of the child, his even breathing. The dark shadow was Princess Marya, who with inaudible steps went up to the bed, lifted the curtain and lowered it behind her. Prince Andrei, without looking back, recognized her and held out his hand to her. She squeezed his hand.

Many people like to draw using stencils. A wide choice allows you to find a stencil according to the interests of the child: geometric shapes, letters and numbers, silhouettes of animals, birds, marine life, fruits, tree leaves, household items - you can’t count everything.

There are also many techniques for working with stencils:

1) simple outline with a pencil, ballpoint pen or felt-tip pen;

2) painting the silhouette;

3) blotting with a sponge, an elastic band dipped in paint;

4) applying glue, and on top of it - colored sand, flour, salt and other bulk materials.

But there is another stencil that can be called a universal tool for practicing with children. This is officer line, which many parents 30+ remember from their school childhood. The officer line has several modifications (actual officer, naval, cadet, commander, etc.), but the first two will be interesting and useful to the child.

Games and graphic exercises with an officer's ruler

• The study of geometric shapes.
• Comparison of figures: development and perception of magnitude.
• Inventing a pattern using the contours of the stencil.
• Writing numbers.
• Turning a figure into an object.
• Coloring, tracing in various ways.

For the first time, it is worth offering the child a ruler, an album, pens, thin felt-tip pens, a hard-soft simple pencil - let him experiment. Very quickly, the kid himself will figure out all the nuances and even learn to hold the ruler so that the contours do not smear when drawing.

Exercises with the officer's ruler and other stencils contribute to the development of the imagination and are useful for graphomotor skills. If there is a choice, it is better to give preference to a thinner and more flexible ruler than a thick one.

Stationery, which we are now accustomed to seeing everywhere on store shelves, makes our life much easier. Even the improvement of computer technology for many years will not be able to displace such necessary trifles as, for example, a ruler from our daily use.
Such goods became popular in the distant eighteenth century, when it was difficult to imagine a dinner party without beautifully designed and signed invitations in calligraphic handwriting. If we talk about the history of the emergence of such objects, then the modern officer's ruler with division into centimeters appeared more than two hundred years ago. With such even, smooth, thin boards:
measured the scale and distance (for example, on maps);
draw straight lines and geometric shapes;
made measurements.
Since then, the intended use of stationery items has not changed much, but has only expanded significantly. So now there is an old-style officer's ruler in almost every home, because this is such an item that can come in handy at any time. Since the invention of this kind of measuring system, rulers have been popular in everyday life.
What is the modern line of officers of the USSR
Currently, the ruler contains not only an accurate measuring line, divided into centimeters and millimeters, but also:
protractor;
stencils for drawing simple geometric shapes;
ribs for drawing wavy lines, etc.
As you can see, such rulers are distinguished by high levels of functionality, so it is difficult to imagine the workflow, as well as the learning process, without them. The question of where to buy an officer's line worries a lot of consumers, because the modern stationery market does not always offer high-quality goods to customers.
The colored plastic from which the ruler is made, which you can buy in every store, is fragile. Therefore, it is necessary to use such writing utensils with extreme care. What to do if you want to purchase a really high-quality product that will serve you for at least several years?
High-quality and functional officer ruler: buy in the Tylovik store
Our wholesale and retail store offers its customers exceptionally high-quality stationery - pens, pencils, accessories, erasers and much more. Not only employees in various government departments make purchases from us, but also ordinary students who understand that we always guarantee the excellent quality of our own goods.
If you need an officer's ruler for one purpose or another, you can buy (Moscow) it from us at the best price. It is the excellent quality of goods and their democratic value that attracts a huge number of buyers to us, who are always satisfied with the level of services provided.

The tablet:
The tablet of the 1935 model began to arrive in parts in 1936. It was usually made of high-quality black leather with a granular surface that did not give glare. Soldiers could also use civilian tablets, there were also captured copies. By the end of the war, green or brown became the main color of the tablets. The manufacturer's stamp and the year of issue were affixed to the back of the top valve.

Tablet model 1935 Meldekartentasche 35 was used by officers, some non-commissioned officers, artillery observers, military field
gendarmerie, signalmen, couriers and other military personnel in accordance with their occupation.

The most common model was a rectangular bag made of black or brown grained leather. Its upper part was closed with a valve using a strap with a buckle (sometimes a bracket was used).

Under the flap there were seven compartments for pencils and several pockets for
rulers. Inside the bag was divided by a partition into two compartments.

One of them contained a protective card case made from two transparent celluloid sheets held together by a leather frame.

The tablet was worn on the belt, passing the belt through the loops sewn to its back wall.
You could also wear a tablet on a strap slung over your right shoulder. According to the charter, in any case, he had to be in front on the left side or on the thigh

Field officer's set:

Pencils and erasers:

Cards

german map times of World War II

Deckungswinkelmesser - "goniometer"

Deckungswinkelmesser (goniometer). It was included in the field kit of almost everyone who was related to shooting (artillerymen, machine gunners, mortarmen). In the optical fixture of the device, there is an angle measuring scale with markings up to 30 degrees (in increments of 0.25 degrees) inside. The tablet was stored in a special allotted pocket:

Compartments for pencils and goniometer

Curvimeter (Kurvenmesser) - a device for measuring the lengths of curved lines on maps. Must be present in any tablet:

Topographic protractor (kartenwinkelmesser):

"Officer" line

Logarithmic ruler

Protractor ruler

Celluloid ruler-protractor, stored in a specially designated pocket

Pencil sharpeners:

Colored pencil set

Carrying case for collet pencils that can write on any surface, including acetate film, celluloid and pig. Pencils of excellent quality, produced for the army by Eberhard Faber, the name of the model speaks for itself: Taktik.
Nearby lies a kilometer ruler (Kilometermesser). This simple device made it possible to quickly estimate the distance on maps of different scales. The rulers were made of plastic, aluminum and painted metal.

This subject is familiar to most children who grew up in the USSR. Classmates glanced at the happy owner of a transparent strip with many holes in the form of various geometric figures with envy. These days, this item is more of a rarity. Even the military itself is less and less resorting to the use of paper maps.

A bit of history

The exact time when people began to use the ruler is unknown, however, during excavations of the settlements of the ancient Hellenes buried under layers of sand and stone, archaeologists found even wooden planks with divisions. This is not surprising, because the architectural monuments of that era are impressive. The ancient designers who created these structures probably used one or another drawing tool when developing projects.

A ruler with modern measures of length appeared in France. One fine day, people got tired of endlessly converting one measure of length into another (pounds, inches, arshins, cubits, etc.) and a meter was taken as a measure of length - one forty-millionth of the circumference of the globe.

Well, like any human invention, the ruler, having been born, began to develop rapidly. There are no lines whatsoever. The usual strip with divisions. Ruler in the form of a square with different angles. The usual indispensable protractor in drawing is a semicircle with divisions into degrees, etc.

Why did the officers need a ruler

The military, planning their actions, have used maps since time immemorial. And if the generals of antiquity did not have questions about how to plot the location of their troops and enemy forces on the terrain map, then in times close to modern times, everything became not so simple.

The success of a planned offensive often depended on the strict execution by subordinate units of a specific task at a specified place and at a specified time. Not the last role in this was played by the maps of the area that the commanders had. The locations of units, the directions of strikes and counterattacks, and the locations of fortifications were marked on them.

Troops have long ceased to consist only of cavalry and infantry. On the map, it was necessary to indicate both machine-gun nests, and the location of communications equipment, gun crews, positions of military equipment, and much more.

It is precisely because of the variety of symbols and signs applied to military topographic maps that it became necessary to unify all these designations. The goal is to make a map developed by one officer understandable and "readable" for all his other colleagues in uniform. The standard officer line began to be widely used during the First World War, and at once by all the warring parties.

What is the line of officers

Probably everyone knows what this drawing tool looks like. The officer's ruler is rather a kind of stencil with which special signs can be applied to paper. For ease of use, it is usually made of some kind of transparent material. The USSR officer ruler was made of transparent celluloid. The material was not completely transparent, but had a yellow-gray color. In the modern Russian army, an officer's ruler is used, cast from solid transparent plastic.

Lovers of antiques appreciate the Soviet version. But not only collectors are drawn to the old days. Oddly enough, officers who, by occupation, still have to use the ruler, also prefer “Made in the USSR”. The fact is that the officer's ruler, made of celluloid, practically does not break, unlike the modern brother.

What are

The officer's ruler is not 100% universal. Some troops had separate types. Here, for example, is a standard officer line. Photo from a standard set of officer's tablet.

Not much different and the next option. This is a naval officer's line. Cadets of military schools also had their own line.

And here is another officer's line. Photo from the equipment of the US Army.

And such rulers were found among captured or killed German officers during the Great Patriotic War.

How it is used

Any of the listed types of rulers contains a set of all kinds of badges that the military usually designate certain tactical units. It is enough to put a ruler, press and circle the desired figure with a pencil. A whole set of all kinds of symbols and various figures (contours of aircraft, ships, other pieces of equipment) contains any officer line.

Scale windows are designed to estimate the distance on the map in real units of measurement without wasting precious time on calculations. All other features of the standard line No. 2 are the same as any other drafting device. Separate edges of the officer's line are made in the form of irregularities of various configurations. With their help, wavy lines are drawn on the map. Almost all rulers have a familiar protractor - an angle measurer.

Some copies have a section in the form of a magnifying glass, with which you can make out small symbols and inscriptions on the map.

It is more difficult to use specialized lines. For example, an artillery officer's line. This is a whole measuring device with which the artilleryman could calculate, in addition to the firing range, some parameters of the ballistic trajectory, the sector of fire, etc.