Exposing an alternative history - why there are no old trees in the forests. There are no forests on earth (continued) There are no forests on earth
You will not believe it, but not only Vicki is silent. Having shoveled the Internet, I have not found an explanation for the hexagonal structure. And only in one place did he pull out a timid line, they say,
Look how bizarrely dried and cracked salt!
And here I fell into a stupor ... Firstly, under the scorching rays of the sun
crustanysurfaces crack like this:
But, not in the form of honeycombs!
Second: show me the cracks in the American lake!As far as I know cracks - these are depressions between surface fragments, and I see elevations, and this is the exact opposite of cracks! More like fascia fibers, like silicon stumps.
And thirdly: why is the salt surface divided precisely into hexagonal fragments?
Now do you understand how disconnected we are from the real picture of the past? If giant trees are still able to crackle into our wretched imagination, then here is a creature made of salt 10 thousand square kilometers in breadth, and it is not clear what height we can no longer imagine.
Now you understand that only 7500 years ago our planet looked so fabulous that Cameron and his "Avatar" are just relaxing?
We got a mutilated desert, which we turned into a garbage dump.
And convince me otherwise if I'm wrong!
Well, well, since science has no intelligible, but in general, no explanation, then let me express my own opinion.
According to WakeUpHuman, salt lakes - These are sludge pits. I share this version, except for this lake, and here's why:
I think you felt the taste of the head, namely: honeycombs are an attribute characteristic of exclusively living organisms: whether it is the possession of a queen bee, the structure of snowflakes or plant fibers. But, as we see with our own eyes, Salar de Uyuni - it's not just a giant layer of salt.
This is a silicon life form living being!
Which was barbarously scraped
adepts of technocracy with their buckets.
What means:scraped with buckets?
In short, our planet in the literal sense scratched gigantic graders. They have scraped off the top layer of all continents, just as road builders scrape off old asphalt with their car. Only the height of the layer is several hundred meters.
Please note that the shoreline of the lake has the shape of a semicircle and it is not alone - it was a bucket wheel excavator.
This topic was simply brilliantly revealed by Pavel Ulyanov (WakeUpHuman). As you noticed, I mentioned the name of this person three times, who last year, in my opinion, made a real revolution in science regarding the anatomy of volcanoes, rivers, quarries, heaps, seas, lakes, etc. As Pavel rightly said, these terms can now simply be deleted from the lexicon as unnecessary, because there are no volcanoes and canyons in principle. In general, the textbook of geology flies into the fire.
From this point on, the logical chain of the chapter will begin to be closely intertwined withdiscoveryPaul, so I strongly recommend reading it, otherwise your mosaic will be incomplete.
As for our lake, I want to draw your attention to this moment: IOf course I understand that the name(Salar de Uyuni) - Spanish, andSalartranslates as salty, but nonetheless it prompts reflection ... Something and here Don Gerasimus does not finish telling us.
But it's so ... to think ...
Well, the theoretical part is over, which means it's time to start the culmination of events and leave for the runway! But first we need to go back to the first stump and see one oddity in it. I bet you didn't notice it?
Adherents of "alternative history" are very funny people, but this article is not about that. According to this pseudoscience, in the 19th century there was a worldwide flood that destroyed all the forests in central (and maybe not only) Russia. What prompted these wonderful "researchers" to such an idea? Everything turns out to be very simple: all forests in modern Russia are young!
Trees (spruces and pines) in the forests - no older than 150 - 200 years
The photo shows a pine tree (Udmurtia) over 300 years old. As you remember from your last trip to the forest, the pines in it are not at all like this giant winding pine. By the way, the maximum age of pines and spruces reaches 400 years, you can read about this in reference books or textbooks - no one refutes this fact.
Any sane person with a developed outlook, of course, will reject the theory of some kind of miraculous flood that destroyed all the forests, but the fact that the forests are young really makes anyone think. There are really few relic forests in Russia, and even in Siberia, which the hand of a woodcutter has not yet reached, one cannot meet old trees. How so?! Where did the old firs and pines go? Maybe almost all the trees died out 150-200 years ago?
In addition to the authoritative opinion of the “friend of the forester”, who certainly knows better how old the trees in his forest are and the exclamations: “even the foresters do not understand where the old trees in the forests have gone!”, lovers of alternative pseudo-history like to give one more argument in defense of their theory - photographs of Prokudin-Gorsky, a student of Mendeleev, who was the first in Russia to start taking color photographs. Prokudin-Gorsky, starting in 1909, traveled a lot around the country and took color photographs. Why are these photographs of alternative historians so attracted? There are very few trees in the pictures and no forests at all! For some reason, pictures and black-and-white photographs are not taken into account by these wonderful “researchers”, such a feature of this “science” is to reject objectionable facts. We will talk about Prokudin-Gorsky a little later, and now we will begin to explain where the old trees have gone in Russian European forests.
So where did all the old trees go? Exposing the myth!
If you turn to search engines for an answer, you will find heaps of informational garbage that has been bred by the labors of “alternatives”! All the links on the front pages about the flood that destroyed the forests, and not a single sensible page with answers! So - below I will finally reveal the secret of the disappearance of ancient forests.
Spruces and pines live up to 450 years, and this is a fact established real scientists. I will now ask you just one question, which will destroy the entire forest alternative theory and give the long-awaited answers. The maximum age of a person is about 120 years. So why on the street you will not meet a single person even a hundred years old? - yes, because they very little! If you look around, you will mostly see people from 20 to 50 years old - they are the most among the population. So why should trees live according to other laws? Where did the trees older than 300 years go? — died out! Yes Yes! Well, now let's turn to reliable sources and consider this issue in more detail.
Natural thinning of forest plantations
Trees, like all life on Earth, compete with each other for vital resources: sunlight, moisture, the area on which they grow. But unlike people, they cannot move in search of new resources, no matter how trite it may sound! Quote from an authoritative (unlike any foresters) site:
Among foresters it is considered axiom that the forest normally develops to some certain age(not maximum); after reaching the age of ripeness, it begins fall apart, while losing not only the stock of wood, but also all its environment-forming and environmental properties.
In the forest, as the age and size of trees increase, their number per unit area decreases due to the death of weaker trees, that is, natural thinning or self-thinning of the forest occurs. This phenomenon should be considered as a process of self-regulation of a forest plantation, i.e., bringing the needs of the entire plantation into line with the available vital resources of the environment, and as a natural selection of the most adapted trees.
As individual trees grow in size, their need for crown space, food, and moisture increases. In this regard, the total need for the listed factors for the entire forest is also growing. I will try to explain further in simple terms. When the trees in the forest are still young, they require much less resources to sustain life, so the number of trunks per unit area is greater. As the trees grow, they need more and more resources, and at one point the trees begin to "conflict" with each other and "fight" for living space. Natural selection comes into play - some trees begin to die at an early age. Self-regulation of the number of trees in a plantation creates conditions for normal growth and long-term existence of a forest plantation due to the death of individual, usually the weakest trees.
Overmature stands - "retirement" age of trees
When the trees reach the age of 100 - 140 years, the forest becomes ripe. At the same time, conifers stop growing in height, but can still grow in width. Overmature - a forest stand that has stopped growing in height, is destroyed by old age and disease (more than 140 years) - coniferous and hardwoods of seed origin. All in all: the older the forest, the fewer trees in it.
It is not economically profitable to let the forest grow old - why let nature destroy such a valuable material for humans? Therefore, the overmature forest must be cut down in the first place! In forestry, all forests in the central part of Russia (and not only) are registered and planned for their cutting and planting with new trees. Trees are simply not allowed to live up to 150 years and are cut down in "the prime of life."
If about 200 years ago all the forests were destroyed, then what were the sleepers for railways, buildings, ships, and stoves made of? My relatives live in the Oryol region - a region not rich in forests, so they have practically no wooden buildings!
Fiction and painting
What about the mention of forests and logging in literature and paintings of the 18th and 19th centuries? Just ignore? Or are these masterpieces created by order of the secret world government in order to erase these events from people's memory? Seriously? Hell, this theory is so delusional that it’s hard to find words in amazement: global catastrophes, nuclear war - and no trace of these events, except for “young forests” and “ground-covered” first floors of houses ...
Prokudin-Gorsky photos of the forest
Let us return to Prokudin-Gorsky, so dearly loved by the alternatives. Thanks to their efforts, it's hard to find "normal" photos of the early 20th century forest on the Internet, but I found it to be a pleasant viewing.
View from Sekirnaya Gora to the Savvatevsky Skete, 1916 
Border of Moscow and Smolensk provinces. Borodino, 1911 
Rolling firewood for roasting ore, 1910 
Mount Taganay, 1910 Conclusions and results
The main mistake of the inventors of alternative history lies in establishing an incorrect causal relationship. If now in a modern forest you cannot find trees older than 200 years, this does not mean at all that all forests were destroyed 200 years ago, it also does not mean that in 100 years our forests will be full of 300-year-old pines! Trees do not appear and die at the same time! In nature, almost everything obeys the normal statistical law of distribution: most of the trees are of average age, the oldest trees are a minority, and the older they are, the less they are. It is surprising that people are unwilling to understand the issue, look for answers, and instead run headlong to tell everyone that humanity is being deceived, because the trees are young! If you doubt something or don’t understand something, don’t sow ignorance, try to figure it out at least a little first. Write comments, I will be glad!
Now let's come closer to our stump and, burying ourselves in its simply fantastically inexplicable columns, read the conclusion of Wikipedia again: the Devil's Tower was formed from a magmatic melt that rose from the depths of the Earth and froze in the form of elegant columns.
What are you??? Wow, what a clever magmatic melt! Right here, he took it and froze in the form of ideal hexagonal columns, as much as 300 meters to the sky! You can directly compare the ruler by the miracle columns! Were they squeezed out through a pastry syringe with a hexagonal tip? Then they tied it in a bundle, like a broom, and a giant fan blew nearby so that the columns would not go limp and quickly freeze? Maybe the columns of the Parthenon or St. Isaac's Cathedral were honored according to the same scheme? BUT? Sir scientists? Are you out of your mind? Write this! People! Are you out of your mind? Believe this! Claiming that this geometric masterpiece was the result of a lava fountain is the same nonsense as saying that a racing car appears on the track thanks to an explosion at the Ferrari factory.
Comparative analysis Do you know what fact strikes me the most? All columns are hexagonal! Why hexagonal? Yes, because the Universe builds its masterpieces in this form.
No two snowflakes are the same, but they are all perfectly hexagonal. The bees also, not knowing mathematics, correctly determined that a regular hexagon has the smallest perimeter among figures of equal area, which means that such a shape can be filled as efficiently as possible. Building honeycombs, the bees instinctively try to make them as roomy as possible, while using as little wax as possible. The hexagonal shape is the most economical and efficient honeycomb shape! Further - more ... Stupid sheep will not understand in any way that our Universe is fractal, which means it does not matter on what scale to study it - in the size of a mountain or in the size of a tree that everyone has under the window. And now we open a botany textbook, find the structure of some plant and compare it with our giant stump. We will not climb into the wilds, but we will take only those facts that fall out from the photos of the stump, which means it is useless to argue with them. Let me introduce you to a cross section of a flax stem.
Well, gentlemen, biologists? Do you notice anything? Some kind of honeycomb wormed its way into the center? And what is their form? Tree sticks! Yes, they are all hexagonal!!! Well, what a coincidence! I’ll tear off the shell around the circumference (it’s torn off at the stump - a scattering of rubble around) and our stump is directly poured from a bird’s eye view, you-li-ty! The stump fibers, like the fibers of the flax stem, have a hexagonal shape, which strictly retains its geometry along the entire length of the trunk, which is as much as 386 meters! Note that the stump fibers are more strict in their proportions than the scheme from the botany textbook.
The fibers do not differ from each other: they seem to be calibrated not only along the entire length, but also relative to each other. The feeling that this is a bunch of hexagonal reinforcement after leaving the rolling mill. The fibers are not attached to each other, as they loosely flake off and fall in hexagonal fragments as the stone is eroded. Each stump fiber is covered with a thin sheath. Just like fascia is a connective tissue sheath that forms sheaths for muscle fibers. As you can see, the petrified shell, in contact with winds and moisture, cracks, peels off and crumbles, and this is direct evidence that the stump fibers consist of at least two different components nested in each other. The fibers do not go vertically into the ground. They gradually bend to smoothly transform into the root system, as any tree should.
As you can see, the official version of the accidental hardening of lava goes to hell. Too many facts screaming that this is the stump of a giant silicon tree. No, I understand that Hollywood in 1977 concocted a movie "Close Encounters of the Third Kind" with Devil's Tower in the title role, where they repeated 100 times that this is a mountain for meeting aliens, but these noodles will work for the townsfolk, and where were your eyes, scientists? Hey biologists-geologists-paleontologists! Awww!!! Are you exploring the world in a welder's mask? Well, now, let's estimate the height of the tree that this stump once was. To do this, we use the formula that I gave in the first part, where the diameter of the stump is approximately equal to 1/20 of the height of the entire tree. So, the diameter of our stump is 300 meters at the base. Considering that the stump fell off great for 7.5 thousand years, it is clear that it was wider, but even if we modestly take these 300 meters and multiply by 20, we get the height of the tree (and now according to Zadornov: “Ready?” ) - 6 km in height! Everything is relative, right? I think we can put an end to this. The Devil's Tower in the USA is a giant silicon-era stump with all the hallmarks of an ordinary forest stump that every one of you has seen. But on the other hand, do not underestimate the tenacious hooks of the matrix that keep the mental in the stall, so I am sure that even after such evidence, there will be deep-sleeping comrades who will demand the continuation of the banquet. If you think that my arguments have dried up on this, then I hasten to disappoint you: I still have so many trump cards that I will savor every moment, delaying the climax of the 6th chapter, because the denouement of this story is worse than the most intricate detective Agatha Christie. So, with one stump we figured out, it's time to inspect the others! Yes Yes!!! Did you think he was the only one? You just need to remove the blinders, and you will not see this! Let me introduce to you the Giant's Path in Ireland!
Reminds me of nothing...? Not? Take a closer look: again some hexagonal pillars ... Some kind of devilry! If you do not notice 100% resemblance to the plant fibers of the Devil's Tower, then you are definitely blind! This is the same giant stump, but almost not protruding from the ground. The tree grew right on the seashore. The Giant's Path has 40 thousand pillars of such geometry that even bees will envy their proportions!!! Naturally, this miracle of nature was declared a national reserve by the smart people. Once again, the phrase WakeUpHuman involuntarily comes to mind: “The height of cynicism is to call worked-out quarries national parks.” What does the worked out career have to do with it, you will understand later, and now guess what official science is bleating about the Irish stump? The Giant's Road (Giant's Path) is a natural monument of about 40,000 interconnected basalt columns formed as a result of an ancient volcanic eruption. Wikipedia ...volcanic eruption!!! Well, tell me, how can you resist the eruption of the obscene fountain in the direction of the scientific community? It is difficult, very difficult, but you have to bite your lips, because the enemies are just waiting for this. Two questions haunt me in this life: How many days did CC Capwell lie in a coma, and why hasn't the honeycomb still been called an eruption of an ancient volcano??? They are generally indistinguishable from the Giant's Path! Just look at this masterpiece of geometry: It is no less strange why paving slabs have not yet been attributed to the eruption of an ancient volcano. Smart guys, show me at least one difference!
And now I propose to return to the tried and tested method: if we compared the Devil's Tower with a plant stem, then the Giant's Path can be compared with real solidified lava. To begin with, let me remind you that: This is how lava erupts:
And this is how it flows: Well, and like this, the lava solidifies: And now let's compare the Devil's Tower with the Giant's Path. Oh, pardon my French, I meant to say: Now let's compare a flint stump to a flint stump.
Well? Does anyone else here believe in a lava fountain? If I didn't know about giant silicon trees, I would rather believe in a giant cream syringe, but not in a volcano! If you think that apart from two giant flint trees I have nothing else to please you, then in vain. On the planet their darkness is darkness. The most interesting thing is that people do not even think that these are stumps, but the official science seriously thought about how to cover them from the ubiquitous why and came up with a brilliant name for silicon stumps: Basalt rocks!
Pay special attention to the next two photos: the fibers hang like a ceiling. How can the volcanic version explain this? What? Lava dripped and dripped, but its drops did not reach the ground and stuck with their honeycomb edges to neighboring drops, which for some reason dropped to the ground ???
Once again, the proverb was confirmed: “At the catcher and the beast runs!” While I was writing this chapter, a woman came to my page. Well, I went to visit, and what's wrong with that? Everything would be fine if not for her photo, where she poses against the background of a silicon stump, although she herself does not suspect it. So, the artifacts lie under our noses, but the prism of the matrix does not allow us to see 9 dolphins. There are a lot of photos of silicon stumps on the net! You understand their distinctive features, so for in-depth study - the search engine will help you. And we are moving on, and in order not to deviate from the name of this part, I bring to your attention another hexagonal miracle of nature. Silicon nature. Meet the world's largest dry salt lake: Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia.
As you can see, not everything is as simple as they say in the Natural History textbook and show on the Discovery channel. By tradition, I wanted to shove Wiki's conclusion about these hexagons here, but if she still somehow retouches the fibers of silicon stumps, then about the hexagonal structure of the South American lake silent like a fish, as if they do not exist at all! And they are ... Still as they are!
And now the important point! You must learn to clearly distinguish rocks from mountains. These are completely different concepts! The rock consists of a single piece of torn stone with fragments of fibers characteristically protruding towards the sky.
But the mountain is a pile of loose waste, brought in by giant dump trucks. Its distinguishing feature is the almost perfect cone shape, as befits a bulk structure. Sometimes the waste begins to react between its layers, so the mountain abruptly turns into a volcano, spewing lava, which short-sighted scientists quietly mold to the next honeycomb stump, or explain the appearance of the sidewalk on Lenin Avenue from hexagonal tiles.
“Is it all fallen trees?” - you ask.
No, not everything. A lot of rocks belong to petrified animals and people. Crimean lovers are now the first to guess about this, but this topic is immense, therefore, details about the petrified fauna are in the next chapter.
It should also be noted that not all trees have honeycomb fibers, like Devil's Tower or Giant's Path, for example. Many of the rocks we have just talked about have a lamellar or spongy structure, like our mushrooms. As the liver differs from the lung, so the silicon world of antiquity was so diverse that we are simply not able to identify and represent most of the species and subspecies.
Boys and girls, our plane has circled the Earth, and we are coming in to land. The crew of the liner thanks you for not going crazy from reading comments to familiar pictures. After landing, you will be taken to a cozy hotel in the rocks, where you will rest before dinner, at which we will collect all the information received today into a harmonious and coherent mosaic.
Have a nice holiday!
Now sit back, I'll tell you a story! Imagine the nature of the Avatar movie, only multiplied in its diversity by a million times. All this bloomed and smelled until the bad guys arrived. First, they cut down some of the best trees (I don’t remember the brand of the chainsaw) to use them as biofuel for a generator to change the temperature and atmospheric pressure inside the planet.
This was the beginning of the end...
Following climate change, all the flora petrified, in contrast to the fauna, which still somehow escaped in shelters. So, the vegetation no longer showed signs of life, and before the silicon organisms lost their elasticity, the planet was covered with carpet bombardment. The blast wave knocked down everything that had roots. Let's see this clearly using the example of the carbon tree familiar to us:
As you can see, the stump is about 5–10% of the volume of wood that falls with a roar next to it.
This is what a fallen forest looks like from the alleged Tunguska meteorite.
And now imagine the volume of a fallen tree, let it be 100 kilometers high. Can you imagine how much stone should lie next to such a stump?
So where does it all go? . After the explosion, all living things fell, then funny guys arrived on an equally funny technique and, in the truest sense of the word, scraped off several hundred meters of the upper stone layer from all continents.
Creatures, like a cancerous tumor, devoured one continent after another, devastating the Earth and turning it into a quarry on a planetary scale. This is how all the deserts were formed, it was during that barbaric period that the expression "career growth" appeared.
Cuttlefish in the photo - Bagger 288 - the largest bucket wheel excavator in the world today. If we (primitive half-monkeys) have such a technique, imagine the state of the art of aliens who managed trees 100 km high.
And this is how a bucket wheel excavator works: it crawls on tracks parallel to the quarry wall. A huge disk with buckets scrapes the rock, leaving a concave wall of stone.
Geologists, apparently, are hypnotized as students, since such career developments are called a miracle of nature, such as this cliff in Australia.
If you don't believe this, google "stone wave" and check out the official explanation.
In order not to be accused of plagiarism (and the enemies are just waiting for this), I repeat for the tenth time that the topic of quarries, volcanoes and bucket-wheel excavators was brilliantly revealed by Pavel Ulyanov (WakeUpHuman). It’s just that we are approaching the denouement of this amazing story, and given that Pavel’s career theme is more than ever intertwined with my theme of the forest, I just have to briefly acquaint you with the principle of operation of bucket-wheel excavators, otherwise you will not understand the climax of the entire chapter.
We continue.
Everything that fell to the surface of the planet was cleaned off by megamachines, so we got only surviving stone stumps (rocks) from the silicon era. Especially the creatures tried in the Aryan zone. This is just a tasty morsel due to the unusual composition of the soil.
The composition of those rocks turned out to be not from the usual silicon dioxide (SiO₂), but from semi-precious stones. Now you understand why they organized a park of petrified trees and threw logs with gems?
To divert attention from real artifacts - giant stumps in the background. And here comes the question...
Look at the photo:
what prevented them from demolishing the stumps?
After all, how technologically more difficult it is to trim them from four sides, but the stumps were trimmed.
Looking forward to the question that I will be asked 500 times after the publication of this chapter - "how to determine which stone was alive and which was not?" - I inform you that in the silicon world there were no stones at all!
So absolutely any boulder that you can find on Earth is a chipped piece from some creature of the silicon age! So, the occupiers took all the silicon flora and fauna, and now the question arises: “Where did such a breathtaking volume of stone go?”
Maybe he was taken out of the Earth, as many believe? No guys! Nobody took anything out. The stone was needed inside the planet for the construction of the century. And what can be built from this amount of stone? Bases? Fortresses? Cities?
Leave these petty thoughts, they are at the human level. If you want to understand the intentions of the Gods, then you need to think like the Gods, and once again I ask you to think with the planetary consciousness, and, oddly enough, the fairy tale "Gingerbread Man" will help us with this!
Here we are again sailing to fairy tales! And where without them?
“Once upon a time there was an old man and an old woman.
So the old man says to the old woman:
- Come on, old woman, scrape the box, mark the bottom of the pan, can't you scrape flour for a bun?
The old woman took a wing, scraped the box, broomed the bottom of the barrel, and scraped two handfuls of flour.
She kneaded flour on sour cream, cooked a bun, fried it in oil and put it on the window to cool.
Recently, another version of this tale was discovered, more like the truth, as it explains who the Gingerbread Man is.
“Tarkh Perunovich asked Jiva: “Create a bun.” And She scratched the bottom of Svarozh's barns, swept the devil's barns and blinded a bun, and put it on the window of the Hall of Rada. And the bun shone, and rolled along the Perunov Way. But he did not roll for long, rolled into the Hall of the Boar, bit off the side of the bun, but not the whole bit off, but a crumb. The bun rolled further and reached the Swan's Hall, and the Swan pecked off a piece, and in the Raven's Hall the Raven pecked off a piece, in the Bear's hall the Bear crushed the side of the bun.
The wolf in his Hall gnawed almost half a kolobok, and when the kolobok reached the Hall of the Fox, the Fox ate it.
This tale is a figurative description of the astronomical observation of the Ancestors over the movement of the Moon across the sky, from full moon to full moon. In the Halls of Tarkh and Jiva on the Svarog Circle, a full moon occurs, and after the Hall of the Fox, a new moon occurs.
So, as the second version of the tale shows, Gingerbread Man is the Moon. This is so convincing and logical that there is no doubt, isn't it? But there is another hidden moment in this story...
I don’t know about you, but since childhood I was strained by the phrase “scratched in the bottom of the barrel”. When I hear it, it feels like a rake is scratching my back. And not in vain, as it turned out, such an intuitive rejection. And now the question for a billion: “What kind of barrels did the grandmother scrape?”
Do not know?
Well, how? WakeUpHuman wrote to you in Russian and even showed pictures!
Admire what tools "grandmother" Jiva scraped in the bottom of the barrel!
But the bottom barrels are the scraped continents of our planet, and not the nonsense that they tell us!
And here is the hostess chilling her Kolobok on the windowsill. But here's the problem: after all, the Moon is the size of an average city, besides, it is hollow, and the stone was scraped off from the whole planet! Where did the lion's share of the stone go?
Everything is very simple! Do you happen to know what glass is made of? Believe it or not, the basis of glass is molten silicon dioxide! Yes, the same silicon dioxide (SiO₂) that rocks are made of. If I were the Gods, I would melt the rocks into glass. And why do the Gods need such a gigantic volume of glass? And to build a giant shell and name it...
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