Heroes by right of memory. Introduction by the teacher. The poem "By the Right of Memory": reading, discussion, analysis

01.11.2019

The writing

Closing the age lessons.

The thought comes by itself

To everyone with whom it was on the road

Treat the living and the dead.

A. Tvardovsky

The great events that took place in our country were reflected in the work of Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky both in the form of their direct depiction and in the form of individual experiences and reflections associated with it. In this sense, his work is extremely topical.

The largest post-war work of Tvardovsky was the poem "For the distance - the distance." In genre and thematic terms, this is a lyrical and philosophical reflection, a “travel diary”, with a weakened plot. The protagonists of the poem are the vast Soviet country, its people, the rapid reversal of their deeds and accomplishments. The text of the poem contains a playful confession of the author, a passenger on the Moscow-Vladivostok train. Three distances the artist sees: the immensity of the geographical expanses of Russia; historical distance as the continuity of generations and awareness of the inseparable connection of times and destinies, and finally, the abyss of the moral storehouses of the soul of the lyrical hero. The poem "By the Right of Memory" was originally conceived by the author as one of the "additional" chapters to the poem "Beyond the distance - the distance", acquired an independent character in the course of work. Although “By the Right of Memory” does not have a genre designation in the subtitle, and the poet himself, true to the concepts of literary modesty, sometimes called this work a poetic “cycle”, it is quite obvious that this is a lyric poem, the last major work of the author of Vasily Terkin. It was completed and prepared for publication by the poet himself two years before his death. In the introduction, Tvardovsky declares that these are frank lines, a confession of the soul:

In the face of the past

You have no right to prevaricate, -

After all, these were paid

We pay the biggest ...

The composition of the poem is divided into three parts. In the first part, the poet recalls his youthful dreams and plans with a warm feeling, a little ironically.

And where, which of us will have to,

In what year, in what region

Behind the cock that hoarseness

Hear your youth.

These dreams are pure and lofty: to live and work for the good of the Motherland. And if necessary, then give his life for her. Beautiful youthful dreams. The poet with a slight bitterness recalls that naive time and youths who could not even imagine how many difficult and severe trials fate was preparing for them:

We were ready to go

What could be easier:

Loving mother earth

So that for her into fire and water.

And if -

That and life to give ...

Let's just add on our own.

Which is easier, yes.

But what is more difficult?

The second chapter "The son is not responsible for the father" is the most tragic in the poem, and in all creativity. The illegally dispossessed Tvardovsky family was exiled to Siberia. Only Alexander Trifonovich remained in Russia due to the fact that he lived separately from his family in Smolensk. He could not alleviate the fate of the exiled. In fact, he abandoned his family. This tormented the poet all his life. This non-healing wound of Tvardovsky resulted in the poem "By the Right of Memory".

The end of your dashing adversity,

Stay strong, don't hide your face.

Thank the father of nations.

That he forgave you father.

A difficult time that philosophers cannot understand for fifty years later. And what can we say about a young man who firmly believes in official propaganda and ideology. The duality of the situation is reflected in the poem.

Yes, he knew without reservations,

Suddenly - how it will bake -

Any miscalculations heap

Transfer to someone's account:

On someone's enemy's distortion

That which proclaimed the covenant.

For someone's dizziness

From their predicted victories.

The poet seeks to comprehend the course of history. Understand what was the fault of the repressed peoples. Who allowed such a state of affairs, when one decided the fate of peoples. And everyone was guilty before him already in the fact that they were alive.

In the third chapter of the poem, Tvardovsky asserts the human right to memory. We have no right to forget anything. As long as we remember, our ancestors, their deeds and deeds are “alive”. Memory is the privilege of man, and he cannot voluntarily give up God's gift to please anyone. The poet claims:

Who hides the past jealously

He is unlikely to be in harmony with the future ...

This poem is a kind of repentance of Tvardovsky for his youthful deeds and mistakes. We all make mistakes in our youth, sometimes fatal ones, but this does not give rise to poems in us. For a great poet, even grief and tears pour out into brilliant verses.

And what are you doing now

Return the former grace,

So you call Stalin -

He was God

Abstract

The poem "By the Right of Memory" (1967-1969, published in 1987) describes the tragic fate of Father Tvardovsky.

Tvardovsky Alexander Trifonovich

1. BEFORE DEPARTURE

2. SON IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR FATHER

3. ABOUT MEMORY

Tvardovsky Alexander Trifonovich

Closing age lessons

The thought comes by itself:

To everyone with whom it was on the road,

Alive and fallen, treat.

It's not the first time she comes

So that the word has double control:

Where, perhaps, the living will be silent,

So they will interrupt me: "Let me!

In the face of the past

You have no right to prevaricate,

After all, these were paid

We pay the biggest ... "

And let that outpost be to me,

That strict guard sign

The key to speech is cunning

By right of memory alive.

1. BEFORE DEPARTURE

Do you remember, at night before autumn,

For decades now,

We smoked with you in the hay,

Despising the fearful ban.

And they did not close their eyes to the light,

Although the smell of hay was not the same

That in the nights of stuffy July

Doesn't sleep for a long time...

That aloud reading someone's lines,

Then suddenly losing the connection of speeches,

We were going on a long journey

From my first youth.

We didn't feel sad

Friends: thinker and poet,

Throwing our outback

In exchange for a whole wide world.

We lived with a cherished plan

Break suddenly

Before all sciences

With all their countless stock

And don't let go of your hands.

The spirit of doubt was unknown to us;

We'll do well with that

And for their fathers and grandfathers

We'll add more.

We repeated that misfortune

We don't care

But they themselves were waiting only for happiness,

That was age taught.

We knew that it was a hundredfold

Should pay for our impulse

Burrow into the wisdom of the world on the move,

Breaking it to the bottom.

We were ready to go

What could be easier:

Don't lie. Don't be afraid.

Be faithful to the people.

Loving mother earth

So that for her into fire and water.

That and life to give.

What's easier! Let's leave it intact

Such is the covenant of the early days.

Now let's just add:

Which is easier, yes. But what is more difficult?

These were ours,

As it seemed to us without embellishment,

When in a frenzy

We convinced each other

In what we did not have a dispute.

And relish talking about the sciences,

We dreamed together

Oh, and what kind of trousers we are in

Let's go home

after

Look, father! Cry, dear

What guest did God bring

How will it pass, spreading

Moscow smell of cigarettes.

Moscow, the capital, is not near light,

And you, dear side,

What was, deaf, motionless,

We must be waiting for a visit.

And farm gatherings

And parties in succession

And so that the Zagoryevsk girls

Then they ate us with their eyes,

We awkwardly shoved our hands

Blazing paint to the ears.

And there would be somewhere two girlfriends,

In the walls of the capital's floors,

Expected with gentle reproach

Already at that hour you and I

As we are in our hayloft

Departure pondered his…

And we were unaware like,

What is here, behind our back,

The edge of the native will break away

And spin in a round dance

Following a continuous blizzard ...

You have not forgotten how at dawn

Notified us, friends,

About summer passing into autumn

Songs of young cockerels.

There, behind the straw eaves,

He responded with a child's cry

And together I will remove dashing.

In some stifled sadness,

With his earnest hoarseness

They seemed to be singing

The end of our childish days.

As if by force

They pulled their ritual tale

About something memorable that was

Before us. And it will be after us.

But then we are in the hayloft

They didn't listen to them that well.

We yawned sweetly

Wondering that it's daytime and we don't sleep.

And in our pre-departure hour

There were no warnings about

What gifts do we have in store

Fate had

after

And where, which of us will have to,

In what year, in what region

Behind the cock that hoarseness

Hear your youth.

Towards our longed-for fate

We rushed on the way not at random,

She is in accordance with our will

Called to taste the bread and salt.

How long ago? Life ago...

2. SON IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR FATHER

The son is not responsible for the father -

Five words in a row, exactly five.

But what do they contain?

You young people will not suddenly understand.

Dropped them in the Kremlin hall

The one who was one for all

Destiny arbiter of the earth,

whom the nations praised

At celebrations by my father.

From another generation

Hardly to comprehend to the depth

Those words of short revelation

For the guilty without guilt.

You will not be embarrassed in any profile

Sinister once count:

Who was before us in the world

Your father, dead or alive.

In the midnight gatherings

That question did not bother you:

After all, you did not choose your father,

The answer is simple today.

But in those years and five years,

Who is unlucky with the graph,

For an indelible mark

Substitute meekly brow.

So that with shame and burning flour

Wearing it is the law.

Always be at hand - in case

Lack of class enemies.

Ready to be tortured in public

And sometimes to bitter bitterness,

When your bosom friend

At the same time, he does not raise his eyes ...

Oh, the years of youth are not sweet,

Her cruel troubles.

That was the father, then suddenly he is the enemy.

And the mother? But it is said: two worlds,

And nothing about mothers...

And here, where - behind the flood

Those years - I would hurry barefoot,

You are called offspring

Not even a son, but a son ...

And how can a boy live with that nickname,

How to serve an unknown term,

Firsthand,

Russian writers of the twentieth century from Bunin to Shukshin: textbook Bykova Olga Petrovna

The history of the creation of the poem "By the Right of Memory". Its ideological content

In 1987, in the magazine "Znamya" (No. 2), and then in the "New World" (No. 3), A. Tvardovsky's lyric poem "By the Right of Memory" was published. In the preface to the publication, Maria Illarionovna Tvardovskaya briefly outlined the creative history of the work. The poet worked on the poem during 1963 - 1969; included in it the fragment “In the Hayloft” (“Before Departure”) published in Novy Mir (1969, No. 1). At first, he prepared what was written as new chapters of the poem "Beyond the Distance - Distance", but then he abandoned this intention, having established himself in the idea of leaving it as an independent work. In Novy Mir, along with the publication, there is a photograph of the first page of the manuscript of the poem, prepared for publication in 1970. Why "By the Right of Memory" was not published is not said there. Obviously, the implication is that it simply could not have been published at the time.

In Literaturnaya Gazeta of March 4, 1987, in the article “Liberation,” Yevgeny Sidorov says that in the spring of 1969, in the editorial office of Yunost, Tvardovsky read a poem, that is, it was prepared for publication back in the late 60s. “I remember,” Sidorov writes, “how I was struck by his (I can’t find another word) naivety: he apparently still hoped to publish this text ... But most likely, he just wanted more people close to literature to know not by hearsay about this most suffered of his work.

"By Right of Memory" is written in the form of a lyrical confession. What the poet writes about is very personal, it vitally concerns his own destiny. None of Tvardovsky's previous works were so directly connected with his biography. “By the Right of Memory” is a personal work to a much greater extent than the lyrical poem “Beyond the distance - distance”. It does not contain plot narrative chapters, epic paintings, here “lessons of age” are the results of many years of reflection, mental anguish. The poet, obviously, feels: his strength is waning, and the most intimate has not yet been said, so he writes a work of a confessional nature, building it in the form of a lyrical monologue. At the same time, like every great poet, the lyrical in this poem goes beyond purely personal, touches on problems of a national nature. Already the first sketches of the poem, in which the idea of the work is written in rough form, Tvardovsky accompanied by the following entry: “I felt the approach of a poetic theme, what was not said and what I, and therefore not only me, must definitely express. This is a living, necessary thought of my life (and where, if not only mine!)

Yes, "By Right of Memory" does indeed have a broad generalizing meaning. In the program introduction, the author declares that the poem is addressed “to everyone with whom it was on the road, alive and fallen”, swears them to the truth, writes that the duty to the fallen forces him to speak with the utmost honesty, sincerity:

So that the word has double control:

Where, perhaps, the living will be silent,

So they interrupt me:

- Please let.

In the face of the past

You have no right to prevaricate, -

After all, these were paid

We pay the biggest ...

The theme of the poem "By the Right of Memory" is, for the first time in our literature, the tragedy of the excesses of the period of collectivization, which became a source of suffering for millions of people, realized by Tvardovsky. The poet protests against the taboo on this topic that was established in those years, against oblivion, and even more so the deliberate suppression of historical truth. He writes: "Untruth is at a loss to us":

Forget, forget they say silently

They want to drown in oblivion

Living reality. And so that the waves

Closed over her. Reality - forget!

Forget family and friends

And so many fates the way of the cross...

Tvardovsky takes the floor by right of memory: in his younger years he witnessed this tragedy, it painfully touched his father, brothers, and became his personal pain of heart:

No, all the past omissions

Now duty commands to say.

Inquisitive daughter-Komsomol member

Go and agree on your glavlit;

Explain why and whose guardianship

Classified as a closed article

unnamed century

Bad memory of the case ...

The poet recalls the most exciting episodes of his life and the dramatic story of his father's fate, which was typical of a significant part of the peasantry in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Nearby are the most precious memories - farewell to youth (chapter "Before departure") and the most bitter and painful - meetings with cruel injustice (chapter "The son is not responsible for his father"). The first chapter is illuminated by rays of serene happiness: before leaving youth for the adult world of great hopes, friends spend the night in the hayloft, trying to formulate their life principles, to define goals:

We were ready to go.

What could be easier:

Don't lie.

Don't be afraid.

Be faithful to the people.

Loving mother earth

So that for her into fire and water.

That and life to give.

The moral principles of youth are honestly and clearly formulated; at dawn, the village roosters announced the outgoing summer: "They seemed to be buried / The end of our childish days." The lyrical and somewhat even sentimental confession of youth, which took place “life ago”, breaks off, and a harsh monologue full of bitterness and sorrow breaks in about the fate of the unfairly dispossessed toiler-father, the experiences of his son, who began to be called the “kulak son”. In this chapter of the poem, Tvardovsky again reaches the heights of his talent, he manages to “clothe dumb pain into words”, it was written with the blood of the heart, all of it is a shock. The lines of the merciless truth about the cult of Stalin, about broken destinies and broken souls, the torment of "guilty without guilt" make a huge impression. It was a truly new word in poetry. The civic and ideological and artistic position of the poet conquers. The author of the poem "By the Right of Memory" was at the level of democracy and publicity that would be won by literature only two decades later, he was aware of his high responsibility to society. With great force, the tragedy of a worker, a patriot, who by the evil will of the "arbiter of the earthly fate" classified as "kulaks", "enemies of the people" is revealed with great force. The poet recalls the hands of his father:

In knots of veins and tendons,

In the knots of crooked fingers -

Those that - with a sigh - like strangers,

Sitting down at the table, he laid on the table.

...................................................

Those hands that by their own will -

Neither unbend nor clench into a fist:

There were no separate corns -

Solid.

Truly a fist!

No less sad were the fates of the children, who were doomed all their lives to fill in the ominous column and “always be at hand - in case / of a shortage of class enemies.” The Stalinist formula “the son is not responsible for the father” turned out to be false:

Five short words...

But year after year

Those words disappeared.

And the title of the son of the enemy of the people

Already with them came into law.

And behind one line of law

Fate has already equaled everyone:

The son of a fist or the son of a people's commissar,

The son of a commander or a priest ...

The stigma from birth marked

A baby of enemy blood.

And everything seemed to be missing

Land of branded sons.

The facts of the biography of A. Tvardovsky testify that the poet wrote about this "not by hearsay, not from a book", namely "by right of memory" - this is his personal pain.

Why did the relatively small poem "By the Right of Memory" take so long to create - from 1963 to 1969 - and with long breaks? Maria Illarionovna Tvardovskaya explains this by the fact that in connection with the death of his mother in 1965, he put aside the poem and wrote a cycle of poems dedicated to the memory of his mother. It seems that the long breaks were also caused by the fact that serious obstacles arose in the way of the work of the poet and the work of renewal in which he was absorbed. His letters of these years testify that he literally could not work as a poet - he devoted all his time and all his energy to Novy Mir. According to him, “tsunamis swept over the magazine, he still managed to fight back, write explanatory notes. The poet postponed work on the poem, as it seems to us, because it became more and more obvious: there were few chances for its publication.

And so the poem spoke. A huge charge of renewal, hatred against the anti-democratic nature of the cult of personality, contained in the poem "By the Right of Memory", excited our contemporaries. The work came to us as an active participant in social restructuring and literary rehabilitation, and immediately became involved in literary life. At the plenum of the board of the Union of Writers of the USSR (April 1987), V. Karpov, touching on the problems of modern poetry and noting that she lacked a tuning fork - “the only, incomparable voice that, as it were, does not allow others to be out of tune, does not allow them to stray from the rhythm of time, calling for him,” he said: “I think that A. Tvardovsky’s poem can serve as such a tuning fork ... It sounded surprisingly modern in its very essence, in spirit - it has the highest citizenship, it has conscience, honor, it is the conviction of a communist . This is how a classic came to us today, our Soviet classic - and addressed us directly:

But in the future, as we were - we will be, -

What a sudden thunderstorm, -

of those people

that people

Without hiding your eyes

They look into the eyes.

The poet A. Voznesensky also said at the plenum that A. Tvardovsky's poem "By the Right of Memory" "has become the tuning fork of Soviet poetry today." “By the Right of Memory” defines the “bloody theme” on a large scale, solves it as overcoming the disease of society, as a cleansing with the truth. The poet resolutely rejected the cowardly arguments of those who were afraid of the truth, hid the past, and was ready to deny people historical memory:

Others simply affirmed

What if we are talking about a rainy day

All these were not to the court,

Casting a shadow on us.

But all that was is not forgotten,

Not sewn-covered in the world.

One untruth is at a loss for us

And only the truth to the court!

Written two decades ago, these aphoristically capacious lines retain their charge in the days of renewal, they sound like an actual slogan.

Narrating a dramatic page in our history, the poem “By the Right of Memory” is not only a “recall of distant pain”, its pathos is optimistic, it appeals to civic feeling, strengthens spiritual strength, stigmatizes the remnants of fear, which taught “keep silence before rampant evil”. And what poetic energy is contained in its final lines, what a confident step these rhythms and harmonies, reminiscent of Mayakovsky's ladder, give off: "People / from those people / that people, / Without hiding their eyes, / Look into their eyes."

Tvardovsky's poem was ahead of its time. The uncompromising demands of social and spiritual renewal, the restoration of the norms of democracy and publicity frightened influential officials from politics and literature.

The good news is that “By the Right of Memory” was restored very timely, that the poem immediately became an outstanding phenomenon in social and literary life, an active participant in the transformations.

(According to A.V. Kulinich)

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Lesson Objectives:

Lesson equipment: portrait of A.T. Tvardovsky

Methodical methods:

During the classes

Tvardovsky wrote the poem-cycle "By the Right of Memory" in the last years of his life (1966-1969). This is a work of tragedy. This is a social and lyrical-philosophical meditation on the painful paths of history, on the fate of individuals, on the dramatic fate of one's family, father, mother, brothers. Being a deeply personal confessional, "By the Right of Memory" at the same time expresses the people's point of view on the tragic phenomena of the past.

Although the poem "By the Right of Memory" was created in the 60s, but was published only many years later - in 1987, for many years it was banned. The new work was conceived as an "Additional Chapter" to the poem "Beyond the Distance - Distance". The work on the new chapter was dictated by a feeling of some understatement about "time and about myself."

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“Lesson 2. A word about A.T. Tvardovsky. Poem "By Right of Memory"

Lesson 2. A word about Tvardovsky.

Poem "By Right of Memory"

Lesson Objectives: give an overview of the life and creative path of A.T. Tvardovsky; to determine the genre features and the ideological content of the poem "By the Right of Memory".

Lesson equipment: portrait of A.T. Tvardovsky

Methodical methods: conversation, posing questions, analysis of the text of the poem.

During the classes

I. The word of the teacher about the history of the creation of the poem "By the Right of Memory"

Tvardovsky wrote the poem-cycle “By the Right of Memory” in the last years of his life (1966-1969). This is a work of tragedy. This is a social and lyrical-philosophical meditation on the painful paths of history, on the fate of individuals, on the dramatic fate of one's family, father, mother, brothers. Being a deeply personal confessional, "By the Right of Memory" at the same time expresses the people's point of view on the tragic phenomena of the past.

Later, the "Additional Chapter" resulted in a completely new work. It reflected the author's sharp reaction to the change in the social situation in the second half of the 1960s. In his words: “Yes, life. Solid darkness has approached”, “deaf days”, “in the current dreary situation ...” - a deep sense of the situation in which they had to work, or rather, the definition of what was happening then in the country: attempts to rehabilitate Stalin; glorify him again, the suppression of the decisions of the 20th Congress, which condemned the personality cult of Stalin, the danger of the revival of a new cult - Brezhnev's, the boundless power of totalitarianism that fell upon the spiritual foundations of society, the power of strict censorship ... The inspired case of Solzhenitsyn, the trials of Sinyavsky, Daniel, General Grigorenko, custom-made denunciatory articles (for example, the "letter of the eleven"), fabricated "letters of the working people" published in the central press - all these are signs of the times.

Tvardovsky, according to many, is a person who already, as it were, influences the spiritual climate of the time with his presence. Rasul Gamzatov's poem "Tvardovsky's Bonfire" contains the following lines:

And he is held in high esteem by freedom,

And not subject to anyone.

And lies in gold leaf

Can't get close to him.

It became more and more noticeable that the direction of the Novy Mir magazine, in which Tvardovsky (1950-1954, 1958-1970) worked, objectively acquired an oppositional character. And this took revenge on the editor-in-chief of Novy Mir. On August 10, 1968, A. Tvardovsky wrote to A. Kondratovich: “The affairs with the journal are extremely difficult ... Never before have the so-called events of international life touched the journal and my own so directly.” Tvardovsky had in mind the Czechoslovak events. In August 1968, Soviet troops entered Czechoslovakia, and Soviet tanks appeared on the streets of Prague. The following entry appeared in the poet's workbook (dated August 29, 1968):

What should I do with you, my oath,

Where can I get the words to tell about

How Prague met us in 1945

And how meets in the sixty-eighth.

Condemning this action, Tvardovsky refused to put his signature under an open letter to the writers of Czechoslovakia, "signed by the most prominent writers of the Soviet Union." To the messenger, who came to Tvardovsky's dacha with a letter, the poet said: "I could sign everything, but only up to tanks and instead of tanks." And in his letter to the Writers' Union it was said: "I absolutely cannot sign the letter to the writers of Czechoslovakia, since its content seems to me very unfavorable for the honor and conscience of the Soviet writer."

This is an act. Human. Civil. In the words of Tvardovsky - the power of moral and spiritual resistance. And this caused irritation among officials from literature, the enemies of the poet. The enemies of the magazine - the secretaries of the Central Committee, the editors of Glavlit, the censors, instructors, consultants - the whole world of Shchedrin - took up arms against Novy Mir and its editor-in-chief. All attempts to publish the poem were in vain. “I felt,” said Tvardovsky, that I was hitting a rubber wall.

It is necessary to emphasize that the poem "By the Right of Memory" is called the "testament" not only of the poet, but also of a figure in Russian literature. A. Tvardovsky: “... I felt... what I... must definitely express. This is a living, necessary thought of my life ... "

II. The poem "By the Right of Memory": reading, analysis, discussion

What are the main themes of the piece?

the theme of repentance and personal guilt of a person;

the theme of memory and oblivion;

the theme of historical retribution;

theme of filial responsibility.

What is the composition of the poem?

The poem "By the Right of Memory" is a three-part composition. (It is fundamentally important to make the structure of its analysis akin to the artistic thinking of the author).

The first chapter "Before Departure" in its content adjoins the chapter "childhood friend" from the poem "Beyond the distance - distance", as if it precedes it. This chapter was written as an appeal to a friend of youth. Poems convey an atmosphere of trust, in which one can talk about the innermost.

This was prompted by the circumstances themselves: friends left their father's house. "Before departure" - this situation is romantic in itself:

We were going on a long journey

From my first youth.

The height of thoughts, youthful maximalism, romantic dream reveal their appearance. Two friends - "thinker and poet" - are beautiful:

We lived with a cherished plan

Break suddenly

Before all sciences

With all their countless stock -

And don't let go of your hands.

We were ready to go

What could be easier.

Don't lie

Don't be afraid

Be faithful to the people

Loving mother earth

So that for her into fire and water

And if so, give your life.

The lyrical ending of the chapter “Before Departure” is full of deep meaning: life passes, but loyalty to youthful ideals has been preserved. According to them, the poet reconciles his fate.

The first and second chapters are contrasting in their intonation. “The son is not responsible for the father” - these words are placed in the title of the second part of the poem, it begins with them. Repeating, these words get more and more new semantic and emotional content. It is the repetition that allows you to follow the development of the theme of "five words".

The second chapter occupies a special place in the poem "By the Right of Memory". Being the key, it "holds" the entire poem. Tvardovsky knew that it could not be printed. “Then what will the cycle be based on? It turns out watery." In the theme of Stalin, the author singled out an aspect that no one had touched before him - the theme of "five words": "The son is not responsible for the father." She turned out to be unusually capacious. Restoring the once hushed pages of Soviet history, the author outlined both the scale of the national tragedy and the depth of personal tragedy. “So it was” - these words can also be attributed to the poem “By the Right of Memory”. The image of Stalin, the picture of the orders he implanted, are given in the work in a large, uncompromising manner.

The son is not responsible for the father -

Five words in a row, exactly five.

But what do they contain?

You, young, do not suddenly hug.

Dropped them in the Kremlin hall

The one who was one for all of us

Destiny arbiter of the earth,

whom the nations praised

At celebrations by my father.

In the poem "By the Right of Memory" Tvardovsky is not a dispassionate chronicler, but a witness for the prosecution. He is worried about the fate of specific people whom he knew well: a childhood friend, aunt Daria - in the poem "For the distance - distance", his father - in the last poem.

"On Memory" is a special chapter. It synthesizes the thoughts and motives stated in its title. The chapter is polemical. Tvardovsky argues with those whom he calls "silencers". It is they who want to put an end to sleepless memory. “Do not remember - memory for printing” - this is their position:

Forget, forget they say silently

They want to drown in oblivion

Living reality. And so that the waves

Closed over her. Reality - forget?

Tvardovsky's reflections on oblivion and memory end with a firmly expressed conviction:

One untruth is at a loss to us,

And only the truth to the court!

No, all the past omissions

Now duty commands to say,

Tvardovsky does not limit his conversation with his contemporaries to journalistic conclusions. He speaks philosophically deeply.

And who said that adults

Heroes by right of memory. Introduction by the teacher. The poem "By the Right of Memory": reading, discussion, analysis

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“Lesson 2. A word about A.T. Tvardovsky. Poem "By Right of Memory"

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“Lesson 2. A word about A.T. Tvardovsky. Poem "By Right of Memory"