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Shuya population per year is. "My city. Main streets of Shuya

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Shuya Ivanovo Region, Shuya Lobanov
Shuya- a city (from 1539) in Russia, the administrative center of the Shuya district and the Shuya City District of the Ivanovo Region. The city of Shuya is located in the interfluve of the Volga and Klyazma rivers, 32 km southeast of the regional center Ivanovo. The Teza River (a tributary of the Klyazma) flows through the city from north to south, the length of which in the city is 6.6 kilometers.

Area - 33.29 km², population - 58,795 people. (2015). In terms of population, Shuya is the third city of the Ivanovo region after Ivanov and Kineshma.

  • 1 History of the city
    • 1.1 Shuya principality
    • 1.2 Shuya and crowned persons
    • 1.3 Shuya merchants and textile industry
    • 1.4 Soviet period
    • 1.5 Shuya case
  • 2 Population
  • 3 Education
  • 4 Culture and attractions
    • 4.1 Cinema
    • 4.2 Museums
  • 5 Economy
    • 5.1 Temples
  • 6 Notable Shuyans
  • 7 See also
  • 8 Notes
  • 9 Literature
  • 10 Links

City `s history

According to one version, the ancient settlement on the site of Shuya was founded by the Finno-Ugric tribes of Chud and Merya; and its name may come from the Finnish word "suo" - swamp, lake, marshland. According to another version, the name goes back to the Old Slavic "oshuy", that is, "on the left", "on the left hand" (in this case, "on the left bank").

In the 20th century, not far from Shuya, ancient burial places (the so-called Semukhin barrows) related to the Volga trade route of the 10th-11th centuries were discovered.

Shuya principality

Main article: Shuya principality

Since 1403, the Shuisky princes are mentioned, who owned the city for almost 200 years. The Shuisky family originates from Vasily Kirdyapa, one of the princes of Suzdal. The representative of this clan was Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, the last tsar from the Rurik dynasty (reigned 1606-1610), after him the Romanov dynasty ascended the Russian throne. As the legends tell, Vasily Shuisky often visited his estate to have fun with falconry. In the village of Melnichny (now a suburb of Shuya), according to legend, the daughter of the king, Princess Anna, was buried. The Shuisky Kremlin (now the territory of the Union Square) had siege yards that belonged to Prince I.I. Shuisky, Prince D.M. Pozharsky and others.

The first documentary evidence of the city of Shuya dates back to 1539. Under this date, Shuya is mentioned in the Nikon Chronicle among the cities devastated by the Kazan Khan Safa-Girey, and it is from this date that the city begins its chronology. Prior to this, the city was known as Borisoglebskaya Sloboda, in honor of the church of Saints Boris and Gleb located in it.

Shuya and crowned persons

Ivan the Terrible, during a campaign against Kazan in 1549, visited Shuya and soon included it, among other 19 cities, in the oprichnina (1565-1572), declaring it his property. Then in 1572, according to the spiritual diploma of Ivan the Terrible, Shuya was inherited by his son Fyodor. In 1609 the city was ravaged by the Poles, and in 1619 by the Lithuanians.

In 1722, on the way to the Persian campaign, Peter I visited Shuya. He stopped in the city to venerate the local shrine - the miraculous icon of the Shuya-Smolensk Mother of God. The icon was painted by the Shuya icon painter in 1654-1655, when a pestilence raged in the city. Soon after the icon was painted, the epidemic stopped, and the image of the Mother of God revealed miraculous healings of the sick. Peter I also got rid of the disease and wanted to take the miraculous icon to St. Petersburg. The townspeople, having learned about this, fell on their knees before the king and begged to leave the Heavenly Patroness and Intercessor of the city in Shuya in her place in the Resurrection Church.

In 1729, the daughter of Peter I, Princess Elizabeth, lived in Shuya for some time, and she loved to hunt in the surrounding forests. Another heir to the throne also visited Shuya. In 1837, traveling around Russia, accompanied by the famous Russian poet V. A. Zhukovsky, the future Emperor Alexander II visited Shuya. Having got acquainted with the sights of the city, the Tsarevich honored with his visit the houses of the most famous citizens - the richest merchants of the Posylins and Kiselyovs.

Shuya merchants and textile industry

The development of industry and trade in Shuya was facilitated by the convenient position of the city on the navigable river Teza. Shuya had a large guest yard (on the site of the modern Gostiny Dvor). Out-of-town and foreign merchants came to trade in Shuya - in 1654 there was a shop of the English-Arkhangelsk trading company in the Gostiny Dvor. At the same time, Shuya was famous for its fairs.

Coat of arms (1781)

In 1755, the merchant Yakov Igumnov opened the first linen manufactory, as proof of which he was issued a ticket from the Shuya voivodship office to set up a factory.

In 1781, the Russian Empress Catherine the Great issued a decree on the formation of the Vladimir governorate and approved the coat of arms of the city of Shuya. The ancient coat of arms of Shuya was a shield divided into two parts. the upper part of the lion leopard standing on its hind legs - a symbol of the provincial city of Vladimir; in the lower part - "a bar of soap on a red field, meaning the glorious soap factories located in the city." Indeed, soap making was the most ancient industry of the city of Shuya, the first mention of them is found in the scribe book of Afanasy Vekov and clerk Seliverst Ivanov of 1629. Already in the 16th century, the industrial character of the city of Shuya was determined. Along with soap making, another ancient craft of Shuya was sheepskin coats. It flourished especially in the 16th-17th centuries, so Tsar Vasily Shuisky was popularly called the “fur coat”.

Since ancient times, textile craft has developed in Shuya - the production of linen fabrics. Canvas weaving was carried out in many peasant huts and in the houses of the townspeople of the city of Shuya on wooden looms. From the middle of the 18th century, weaving linen manufactories appeared in Shuya, the very first manufactory of the merchant Yakov Igumnov was opened in 1755. However, by the end of the 18th century, cotton was conquering the world market. The Shuya merchants of the Kiselyov dynasty were the first entrepreneurs who arranged the supply of cotton yarn from England not only to Shuya, but also its environs.

In parallel with Kiselev, the factories of merchants, the Posylin brothers, were rapidly developing. A. I. Posylin was the first to start a paper-spinning factory for 11,000 spindles, which operated by means of steam engines. The products of the Posylinsky manufactories were awarded a large gold medal at the First All-Russian Exhibition of the Manufactory Industry in St. Petersburg in 1829. “This merchant’s house in Shuya is from time immemorial rich, prudent and persistent in the execution of conceived enterprises, has all the tangible and intangible means to make its spinning factory one of the first establishments in the state,” - this is how the writer Dmitry Shelekhov spoke in the middle of the 19th century about those who who stood at the origins of the Shuya textile industry.

According to the data for 1859, 8555 people (675 houses) lived in the city.

In Shuya in September 1918, the headquarters of the 7th rifle Chernigov (former Vladimir) division was formed.

Shui business

See also: Seizure of church valuables in Russia in 1922

On March 15, 1922, the inhabitants of Shuya, mostly workers, went to the central square to prevent the seizure of church property from the city's Resurrection Cathedral. To suppress the popular uprising, the authorities used military force, machine-gun fire was opened. Four Shuyans (according to other sources - five), and among them a teenage girl, were killed on the spot.

In connection with these events, on March 19, the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, V. I. Lenin, wrote a secret letter qualifying the events in Shuya as one of the manifestations of the general plan of resistance to the decree of Soviet power by the "most influential group of the Black Hundred clergy" and a proposal to arrest and execute them.

On March 22, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), on the basis of a letter from L. D. Trotsky, adopted a plan of measures for repressions against the clergy. It included the arrest of the Synod, the show trial in the Shuisky case, and also indicated - "Proceed to the seizure throughout the country, completely without dealing with churches that do not have any significant values."

Less than 2 months later, on May 10, 1922, the archpriest of the cathedral Pavel Svetozarov, priest John Rozhdestvensky and layman Pyotr Yazykov were shot.

In 2007, a monument was erected in the city to the clergy and laity who were repressed during the years of Soviet power.

Population

Population
1856 1897 1926 1931 1939 1959 1970 1973 1976 1979
9300 ↗19 600 ↗35 500 ↗44 900 ↗57 900 ↗64 562 ↗68 781 ↗70 000 ↗71 000 ↗71 970
1982 1986 1989 1996 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005
↗72 000 →72 000 ↘69 313 ↘69 000 ↘68 100 ↘66 800 ↘66 000 ↘62 449 ↘62 400 ↘60 800
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
↘58 900 ↘58 541 ↘58 486 ↗58 500 ↘58 357 ↗58 616 ↘58 570 ↗58 795

10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 80 000 1926 1973 1989 2002 2010 2015

Education

The Shuisky branch of the Ivanovo State University (until 2013 - Shuisky State Pedagogical University), an agricultural college, a medical college, and the Shuisky branch of the Ivanovo Industrial and Economic College (formerly the Shuisky Industrial College) operate in the city (both were founded in 1930). Primary vocational schools in the city are represented by three vocational schools, which provide training in the following specialties:

There are 13 schools in the city, including six secondary, four basic, two primary, one gymnasium, in which a total of about 7,500 students study.

Culture and attractions

In 2010, the city was included in the list of historical settlements of federal significance.

Cinema

Cinema "Rodina"

Museums

Museums: Konstantin Balmont Literary Museum of Local Lore, Shuisky Historical, Artistic and Memorial Museum named after M.V. Frunze, Soap Museum. The Museum of History and Art houses the world's largest collection of Russian and foreign vessels with secrets, donated to the museum by A. T. Kalinin, a native of the city. The Soap Museum has unique exhibits illustrating the history of soap making in Shuya.

The Museum of Military Glory of the city of Shui was opened in 2010.

On October 17, 2007, a monument was opened to the clergy and laity of the Russian Orthodox Church, who died during the persecution of the church by the Bolsheviks in the 1920-1930s, by sculptor Alexander Rukavishnikov.

Economy

The city is historically the center of the textile industry; in the city there are textile factories "Shuysky proletarian", "Shuysko-Tezinskaya factory", "Shuysky chintz". There are also sewing, stitching, knitting factories.

In addition to light industry enterprises, the following industrial enterprises operate in the city:

  • Shuiskaya accordion (OJSC) - produces accordions, button accordions and accordions, children's furniture.
  • Machine-building plant named after M. V. Frunze (JSC) - production of looms.
  • Ivanovo plant of metal structures
  • Shuiskaya manufactory (LLC) is a sewing enterprise.
  • ShuyaTeks+ (LLC) is a sewing enterprise.
  • Spetsposhiv (IP Durandin) is a sewing enterprise for the production of overalls.
  • Ivanovo furniture (JSC).
  • Shuya-furniture (JSC).
  • Egger drevprodukt - chipboard production plant.
  • Shuisky plant Aquarius (LLC) - assembly of computer equipment.
  • Shuiskaya vodka is a distillery.
  • Goods made of plastics (LLC).
  • LLC "Agro-Expert" is a manufacturer of animal feed.
  • Various food industry enterprises.

In 2010, goods of own production were shipped, works and services were performed on their own for manufacturing activities for large and medium-sized enterprises for 4.97 billion rubles. (2008 - 6.31 billion rubles)

Branch structure, %: light industry - 36.0, food industry - 33.0, woodworking - 27.0.

In 2011, the hotel complex "Grand Hotel Shuya" of the European level (three stars) was opened.

temples

Resurrection Cathedral Big Easter procession at the Church of the Intercession and the Kiselyov hospital. 1884(?)

Temples defined the silhouette of pre-revolutionary Shuya. By 1917 there were 20 churches in the city. The complex of the Resurrection Cathedral of the beginning of the 19th century is known for its 106-meter bell tower - the first in Europe among the belfries, standing separately from the temples. In 1891, the seventh largest bell in Russia (weighing 1270 pounds) was raised to the third tier of the bell tower. It was cast in Moscow at the expense of the largest manufacturer M.A. Pavlov. Since 1991, the Resurrection Cathedral has been a courtyard of the St. Nicholas-Shartom Monastery, a Shuya Orthodox monastery known since 1425.

Famous Shuyans

  • Shuya Theological School, one of the oldest in Russia, graduated from Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev.
  • Shuya is the birthplace of the poet Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont. Shuya land is where all the poet's ancestors rest, here the poet's house, gymnasium buildings where he studied, and other memorial places (park, territory of the parents' estate, etc.) are preserved in the unchanged historical and cultural landscape of the 19th - early 20th centuries.
  • Belov, Pavel Alekseevich - Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel General, was born in Shuya.
  • Borovkov, Viktor Dmitrievich - Hero of the Soviet Union, was born in Shuya.
  • Balmont, Boris Vladimirovich - one of the largest figures in rocket and space, machine-tool and tool technology, Hero of Socialist Labor. Born in Shuya.
  • Lavrov, Lev Nikolaevich - scientist, designer and organizer of the production of rocket and space technology, solid fuel engines, was born in Shuya.
  • Mazurova, Ekaterina Yakovlevna - Honored Artist of the RSFSR, was born in Shuya.
  • Kiselyovs (merchants)
  • Chernykh, Lyudmila Ivanovna - astronomer who discovered 268 asteroids. Honorary citizen of the city of Shui.
  • Yablokov, Igor Nikolaevich - Russian and Soviet religious scholar, sociologist of religion.
  • Fedosov, Andrey Sergeevich - Russian professional boxer, performing in the heavyweight division.

see also

  • Settlements of the Ivanovo region

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Estimation of the population of the Ivanovo region as of January 1, 2009-2015
  2. 1 2 THE USSR. Administrative-territorial division of the Union republics on January 1, 1980 / Compiled by V. A. Dudarev, N. A. Evseeva. - M.: Publishing house "News of the Soviets of People's Deputies of the USSR", 1980. - 702 p. - S. 122.
  3. V. P. Stolbov about the Old Believers of Ivanov.
  4. Posylin, Alexey Ivanovich // Russian biographical dictionary: in 25 volumes. - SPb.-M., 1896-1918.
  5. K. Tikhonravov. Messages // Zap. Yuryevsky ob-va villages. household - 1860. - V. I, adj. - S. 29-30.
  6. Vladimir province. List of populated places according to 1859 - St. Petersburg, 1863.
  7. 7th Chernigov (Vladimir) named after "Yugo-Steel" Red Banner Rifle Division: The history of military and peaceful life for 10 years. - Chernihiv: Ed. Political department. State. type, 1928.
  8. 1 2 Countries / Russia / Shuya.
  9. Krivova N. A. Power and the Church in 1922-1925.
  10. Letter to members of the Politburo, March 19, 1922.
  11. Letter from L. D. Trotsky to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) with proposals on repressions against the clergy, adopted by the Politburo with an amendment by V. M. Molotov on March 22, 1922
  12. A monument to the victims of the war against religion has been erected.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 People's encyclopedia "My city". Shuya. Retrieved November 19, 2013. Archived from the original on November 19, 2013.
  14. All-Union population census of 1959. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. Archived from the original on April 28, 2013.
  15. All-Union population census of 1970 Number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by sex. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. Archived from the original on April 28, 2013.
  16. 1 2 3 Results of the All-Russian population census of 2010, volume 1. Number and distribution of the population of the Ivanovo region. Retrieved August 8, 2014. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014.
  17. All-Russian population census 2002. Volume. 1, table 4. The population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012.
  18. Number of permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and districts as of January 1, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2014. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014.
  19. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2014. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014.
  20. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements). Retrieved November 16, 2013. Archived from the original on November 16, 2013.
  21. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2014. Archived from the original on August 2, 2014.
  22. Soap Museum
  23. Manufacturing of metal structures. Retrieved March 2, 2013. Archived from the original on March 9, 2013.

Literature

  • Nevolin P. I.,. Shuya, city // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.

Links

  • Shuya in the encyclopedia "My City"
  • Shuya city administration official website
  • Shuya city socio-cultural complex
  • Aerial photography of the city of Shuya in 1943
  • Temples of the city of Shuya
  • View of the city of Shuya from a height
  • List of monuments of cultural heritage of the city of Shuya in Wikigid
Ivanovo region

Administrative center: Ivanovo
Cities: Vichuga | Gavrilov Posad | Zavolzhsk | Kineshma | Komsomolsk | Kohma | Pillowcases | Ples | Privolzhsk | Puchezh | Springs | Teykovo | Furmanov | | Yuzha | Yurievets

Municipal-territorial division:

urban districts: Vichuga | Ivanovo | Kineshma | Kohma | Teykovo |
Municipal areas: Verkhnelandekhovsky | Vichugskiy | Gavrilovo-Posadsky | Zavolzhsky | Ivanovsky | Ilyinsky | Kineshma | Komsomol | Lezhnevsky | Luhsky | Palekh | Pestyakovsky | Privolzhsky | Puchezh | Rodnikovsky | Savinsky | Teikovsky | Furmanovsky | Shuisky | Yuzhskiy | Yurievetsky

Articles: Geography | Coat of arms | Anthem | History | Population | Administrative-territorial division | Flag

Shuya Belomorskaya, Shuya Ivanovo Region, Shuya Kado, Shuya Kano, Shuya Map, Shuya Lobanov, Shuya Weather, Shuya Shuya, Shuya Shuya.tsrc=lgww, Shuya Yuzha Ivanovo Map

Shuya Information About

Ivanovo region is considered one of the oldest in Russia. The region is rich in sights, artistic traditions, architectural monuments, which are located in various settlements. The regional center is the city of Ivanovo. The distance from it to Moscow is just over 300 km. Kokhma, Teikovo, Furmanov, Kineshma, Vichuga should be attributed to the large settlements of the region. The main types of recreation here are pilgrimage tours, visits to sanatoriums, excursions, and fishing. The Golden Ring includes such Russian cities as Yuryevets, Ples, Kholuy, Ivanovo, Shuya and others. Just one of them will be discussed in this article. Further, the reader will be able to get to know the settlement with the beautiful name Shuya.

general information

The city of Shuya, Ivanovo region, is the administrative center. It stretches between two rivers, which are the Klyazma and the Volga. The map of the Ivanovo region clearly shows the location of the subject of the Russian Federation we are considering. The river flows through the town from north to south. Teza. The map below shows this. Shuya (Ivanovo region) is considered the third largest settlement in the region. In 2014, it had more than 58.5 thousand inhabitants. The settlement is located 32 km from Ivanovo. Shuya has an area of ​​more than 33 km2. The following is the history of the village.

Historical information

According to one version, in the place where Shuya now stands (Ivanovo region), a settlement was formed in antiquity. It was formed by the Finno-Ugric peoples Merya and Chud. The name of the settlement may come from the word "suo" (Finnish). In translation, it means "marshland, swamp, lake." There is another hypothesis. According to her, the name comes from the ancient Slavic "oshuyu". It is translated as "on the left hand", "on the left", and regarding the location of the settlement - on the left bank. Not far from the city in the 20th century, the Semukhin burial mounds were discovered - ancient burials. They belong to the Volga trade road of the 10th-11th centuries.

Principality

The history of Russia has preserved the mention of the owners of the city. The Shuisky princes were its masters for almost 200 years. Their family originates from Vasily Kirdyapa. He was one of the princes of Suzdal. A well-known representative of the genus was V. I. Shuisky. This prince was the last king of the Rurikids. He ruled from 1606 to 1610. After him, the Romanov dynasty began to rule the state. According to historical information, Prince Shuisky quite often visited his estate. The owner of these lands loved falconry. His daughter, Princess Anna, is buried in the village. Mill. Now it is a suburb of Shuya. In the local Kremlin (now it is the Union Square area) there were siege yards. They belonged to Prince Shuisky, and Pozharsky, and some others.

Beginning of the reckoning

The settlement was first officially mentioned in documents dated 1539. At that time, some cities of the Ivanovo region were devastated. The Nikon chronicle testifies to the invasion of the territory of the Kazakh Khan Safa Giray. Shuya was among the devastated. Ivanovo region, as you know, is a place where a large number of monasteries and temples are located. Before the invasion of the Kazakh Khan, the settlement was called Borisoglebskaya Sloboda. Shuya was named after the church of St. Boris and Gleb, located on the territory of the settlement.

Crowned persons

During a campaign against Kazan, Ivan the Terrible visited Shuya. Soon it was attached to other 19 settlements that were part of the oprichnina. This happened in 1565-72. Shuya (Ivanovo region) became the property of the Russian Tsar. In 1572, in accordance with the spiritual diploma, the settlement was inherited by the son of Grozny - Fedor. However, the city was soon destroyed. First, in 1609, the Poles did it, and then the Lithuanians - in 1619. In 1722, Peter the Great visited the city. He stopped here to venerate the shrine - the icon of the Mother of God (Shuysko-Smolenskaya). It was written during the pestilence of 1654-55. After the icon was finished, the epidemic in the city stopped, and people were healed of other ailments by kissing the image of the Mother of God. Peter the Great also got rid of the disease. The tsar wanted to take the shrine with him to St. Petersburg, but the locals begged him to leave the image in the Resurrection Church. For some time Peter's daughter Elizabeth lived in Shuya. She loved to go hunting in the local forests. Another heir to the throne, Alexander II, also visited here.

Textile craft

The production of linen has been going on since ancient times. Many residents of the city were engaged in the textile industry. Linen canvases were produced in peasant huts, town houses using wooden weaving looms. By the middle of the 18th century, manufactories began to appear. The largest was opened in 1755 by the merchant Yakov Igumnov. But by the end of the century, linen was replaced by cotton. The first entrepreneurs who arranged the supply of cotton yarn from England were the merchants Kiselyovs. In parallel, the factories of the Posylin brothers also developed. The products of their manufactories received a big gold medal at the First All-Russian Exhibition in St. Petersburg.

Merchants

Trade and industry in Shuya developed rapidly. This was facilitated by a convenient geographical position - the settlement was formed on a navigable river. The Gostiny Dvor was built in the city, which had a fairly large area. Foreign and out-of-town merchants came here to trade. In Gostiny Dvor in 1654 there was a shop of the English-Arkhangelsk trade union. The most ancient industrial sphere in Shuya is soap making. The first mention of factories is in the cadastral book of 1629. By the 16th century, the industrial character of the settlement was practically formed. Along with soap making, sheepskin and fur coats were an ancient craft. It especially flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries. That is why Prince Shuisky was popularly nicknamed "fur coat".

Coat of arms

Catherine the Great in 1781 issued a special Decree, in accordance with which the Vladimir governorate was officially formed. The coat of arms of Shuya was also approved. It was a shield divided into 2 parts. Above was the symbol of Vladimir (provincial city) - a lion leopard standing on its hind legs, and below - a bar of soap on a red background, which glorified the soap factories located in the city.

Architecture and museums

Shuya (a photo of the city is presented in the article) is a unique settlement. There is an amazing atmosphere here. On the territory of this ancient merchant city there are various buildings - unique architectural monuments. In particular, the estates of Pavlov and the merchant Nekrasov are of particular historical interest. The Kiselyovskaya hospital is located on Union Square. The Kremlin used to be on this site. Lenin Square is located not far from Union Square. There are also quite interesting places here. For example, it is worth visiting the malls. The building in which they are located was erected at the beginning of the 19th century.

And Soyuznaya are separated by a pond through which you can cross over the bridge. Today, the territory of the malls is occupied by the Museum of Local Lore. It contains a fairly extensive exposition. Various exhibits are presented: household items, costumes, coins, furniture, etc. Visitors can learn more about the history of the city and the region. Most of the exposition tells about Konstantin Balmont. Shuya (Ivanovo region) is the birthplace of this famous poet. History buffs will also be interested in visiting the Frunze Art and Memorial Museum. Today, the topics of the presented expositions are quite wide. The museum is a fairly large complex, which exhibits collections of local artists, historical exhibits. In addition, various festivals and competitions are regularly held here. On the basis of a cultural institution, an extensive exhibition is being held. The entire exposition is located in ancient merchant buildings. These mansions themselves are already monuments of architecture. Since 2010, the Museum of Military Glory has been operating in Shuya. Another interesting attraction is the wooden gateways of the 19th century.

temples

In Shuya, as, indeed, in another ancient city, there are a lot of churches. The Resurrection Cathedral is considered the most famous local attraction. I must say that before the revolution in Shuya, there were about 20 churches. Resurrection Cathedral is famous for its 106-meter bell tower. I must say that in terms of its size it is in 2nd place in Russia. The largest is the bell tower of the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg. The bell for the Resurrection Cathedral was cast in Moscow. It was installed on the bell tower in 1891 in honor of the birthday of Emperor Nicholas II. In 1922, they tried to seize church valuables from the temple. Local residents then went to the square to prevent this act. But on the orders of the authorities, fire was opened on people, as a result of which several people died. After that, mass repressions against representatives of the clergy began. In honor of the affected clergy, a monument was unveiled in 2007. In addition to Voskresensky, in Shuya there is the Cathedral of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. There are also Ilinskaya, Pokrovskaya, Holy Cross churches.

The legends about this city are curious, "that it is one of the most ancient cities and was once the Capital of White Russia, and that the very word Shuya in the Sarmatian language means the Capital." The ancient settlement on the site of Shuya was probably founded by the Finno-Ugric tribes of Chud and Merya; and its name may come from the Finnish word "suo" - swamp, lake, marshland. According to another version, the name goes back to the Old Slavic "oshuy", i.e. "on the left", "on the left hand" (in this case, "on the left bank").

The first documentary evidence of Shuya dates back to 1539. Under this date, Shuya is mentioned in the Nikon chronicle among the cities devastated by the Kazan Khan Safa-Girey. However, there is reason to believe that the city already existed in the middle of the 14th century as part of the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod principality.

Since 1403, the Shuisky princes are mentioned, who owned the city for almost 200 years. The Shuisky family originates from Vasily Kirdyapa, one of the Suzdal princes. The representative of this family was Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, the last tsar from the Rurik dynasty (reigned 1606-1610), after him the Romanov dynasty ascended the Russian throne. As the legends tell, Vasily Shuisky often visited his estate to have fun with falconry. In the village of Melnichny (now the vicinity of Shuya), according to legend, the daughter of the king, Princess Anna, was buried. In the Shuisky Kremlin (now the territory of Soyuznaya Square) there were siege yards that belonged to Prince I.I. Shuisky, Prince D.M. Pozharsky and others.

The attention of the reigning persons to our city has not weakened for many centuries. Ivan the Terrible, during a campaign against Kazan in 1549, visited Shuya and soon included it, among other 19 cities, in the oprichnina (1565-1572), declaring it his property. Then in 1572, according to the spiritual diploma of Ivan the Terrible, Shuya passes into the inheritance of his son Fedor.

In 1722, on the way to the Persian campaign, Peter I visited Shuya. He stopped in the city to venerate the local shrine - the miraculous icon of the Shuya-Smolensk Mother of God. The icon was painted by the Shuya icon painter in 1654-1655, when a pestilence raged in the city. Soon after the icon was painted, the epidemic stopped, and the image of the Mother of God revealed miraculous healings of the sick. Peter I also got rid of the illness and wanted to take the miraculous icon to St. Petersburg. The townspeople, having learned about this, fell on their knees before the tsar and begged to leave the Heavenly Patroness and Intercessor of the city in Shuya in her place in the Resurrection Church.

In 1729, the daughter of Peter I, Princess Elizabeth, lived in Shuya for some time, and she loved to hunt in the surrounding forests.

Another heir to the throne also visited Shuya. In 1837, traveling around Russia, accompanied by the famous Russian poet V.A. Zhukovsky, Shuya was visited by the future Emperor Alexander II. Having got acquainted with the sights of the city, the Tsarevich honored with his visit the houses of the most famous citizens - the richest merchants Posylins and Kiselevs.

The development of industry and trade in Shuya was facilitated by the convenient position of the city on the navigable river Teza. In Shuya there was a large Gostiny Dvor (on the site of the modern Gostiny Dvor). Out-of-town and foreign merchants came to trade in Shuya - in 1654, in the Gostiny Dvor there was a shop of the English-Arkhangelsk trading company, which brought goods from Arkhangelsk. At the same time, Shuya was famous for its fairs.

In 1781, the Russian Empress Catherine the Great issues a decree on the formation of the Vladimir governorate and approves the coat of arms of the city of Shuya. The ancient coat of arms of Shuya was a shield divided into two parts. In the upper part, a lion leopard standing on its hind legs is a symbol of the provincial city of Vladimir; in the lower part - "a bar of soap on a red field, meaning the glorious soap factories located in the city." Indeed, soap making was the most ancient industry of the city of Shuya, the first mention of them is found in the scribe book of Athanasius Vekov in 1629. Already in the 16th century, the industrial character of the city of Shuya was determined. Along with soap making, another ancient craft of Shuya was sheepskin coats. It flourished especially in the 16th and 17th centuries, so Tsar Vasily Shuisky was popularly called a "fur coat".

Since ancient times, textile craft has developed in Shuya - the production of linen fabrics. Canvas weaving was carried out in many peasant huts and in the houses of the townspeople of the city of Shuya on wooden looms. From the middle of the 18th century, weaving linen manufactories appeared in Shuya, the very first manufactory of the merchant Yakov Igumnov was opened in 1755. However, by the end of the 18th century, cotton conquered the world market. Shuya merchants - the Kiselev dynasty - were the first entrepreneurs who arranged the supply of cotton yarn from England not only to Shuya, but also its environs. In parallel with Kiselyov, the factories of merchants, the Posylin brothers, were rapidly developing. The products of Posylinsky manufactories were awarded a large gold medal at the First All-Russian Exhibition of the Manufactory Industry in St. Petersburg in 1829. the factory was one of the first establishments in the state", - this is how the Russian writer Dmitry Shelekhov spoke in the middle of the 19th century about those who stood at the origins of the Shuya textile industry.

Shuya merchants played an important role in the improvement and creation of the architectural appearance of the city. Shuya's silhouette was defined by temples. By 1917 there were 20 churches in the cities. A masterpiece of Russian architecture of the 1st half of the 19th century. The complex of the Resurrection Cathedral with its world-famous 106-meter bell tower is rightfully considered to be the first in Europe among the belfries that stand separately from the temples. In 1891, the seventh largest bell in Russia (weighing 1270 pounds) was raised to the third tier of the bell tower. It was cast in Moscow at the expense of the largest manufacturer M.A. Pavlova. Since 1991, the Resurrection Cathedral has been the courtyard of the St. Nicholas-Shartomsky Monastery, a Shuya Orthodox monastery, known since 1425.

Shuya has always been associated with Russian culture. Shuya theological school, one of the oldest in Russia, graduated from Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, the creator of the Moscow Museum of Fine Arts (now the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, the famous "Volkhonka", the father of the outstanding poetess of the "Silver Age" Marina Tsvetaeva). Shuya is the birthplace of Konstantin Balmont, a wonderful lyricist, the "spontaneous genius" of Russian poetry, who is rightfully considered the founder of Russian symbolism.

All the ancestors of the poet are buried in the Shuya land; here they are preserved in the unchanged historical and cultural landscape of the XIX-beginning. 20th century the poet's house, the buildings of the gymnasiums where he studied and other memorial places (park, the territory of the parents' estate, etc.).

The history of the Shuya land is reflected in the rich collection of the Shuya Historical, Artistic and Memorial Museum.

"Seven Wonders" of the city of Shuya

Since ancient times, it has been customary to single out the "seven wonders of the world", seven ancient works of architecture and art that have no equal in size, beauty and originality. From the rich and long history of our native Shuya, you can also choose seven sights, seven unique historical values ​​that distinguish and mark our city among others.

Shuya's first "miracle"

The legend that the city of Shuya was once the capital of White Russia and the very word "Shuya", as the historian I.N. Boltin, translated from Sarmatian means "capital". This legend is reported in the book "A picture of Russia depicting history and geography, chronologically, genealogically and statistically. Collected from reliable sources." (Moscow, 1807): "Our ancient writers, under the name of White Russia, understood the Polish and Meryansk, or Suzdal limits with the regions belonging to them ... so that the boundaries of this region extended north to Great Russia along the Volga, east to Yugry and down the Volga to the mouth of the Oka River with Mordva, south to the Oka with the Principality of Ryazan and the Bolgars, and then to the Voronezh River... The oldest throne during the Sarmatian sovereigns in this part was the city of Shuya; under Vladimir Rostov; but Yuri II moved it to Suzdal; Andrew II to Vladimir, John Kalita to Moscow".

Shuya's second "miracle"

The second "miracle" refers not to Shuya itself, but to the Shuya land. This is a birth record from the book "Additions to the Acts of Emperor Peter the Great" (vol. 18, 1797). "In the statement sent to the census to the former Moscow provincial office from the Shuisky Uyezd Court of 1782 on February 27, it is shown that the same county owns the Nikolaev Monastery, the peasant Fyodor Vasiliev, who is 75 years old, had two wives, with whom he had children : from the first - 4 quadruples, seven triplets, and sixteen twins, a total of 69 people, with another wife - two triplets, and six twins, a total of 18 people; in total, he had 87 children with both wives, of whom 4 died, there is 83 people alive. This record is officially "recognized" as a world record - the world-famous "Guinness Book of Records" reports this.

Shuya's third "miracle"

Bell tower of the Resurrection Cathedral. It was built in 1832. "The building is stone, about five tiers, the tiers are decorated with towers, columns and moldings. The height of the bell tower from the base to the tip of the cross is 49 sazhens. 2 ars.". In terms of modern units of measurement, the height of the bell tower is almost 106 meters. Of all Orthodox buildings, the Resurrection Belfry is inferior in height only to the bell tower of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg (its height is about 120 m).

Shuya's fourth "miracle"

The icon of the Shuya-Smolensk Mother of God, which was until 1922 in the Shuya Resurrection Cathedral. It was written in 1654-1655, during the terrible "pestilence" raging in Shuya. The author of the icon is the Shui painter Gerasim Tikhonov, son of Ikonnikov. (No offense will be said to the Paleshians, the art of icon painting came to Palekh, apparently from Shuya). The very next day after painting the icon, the icon painter saw the image of the icon changed, he tried to correct the image, but the same thing happened the next day. This was the first miracle of the Shuya icon. A total of 109 of them were recorded. The icon was recognized as miraculous in 1667 by a special state commission, consisting of 5 archimandrites, 2 abbots and an archpriest. According to legend, in 1722 Peter I visited Shuya only to bow to the Shuya icon, which supposedly cured him of a serious illness and that the tsar wanted to take the icon to Moscow, but the Shuya merchants dissuaded him on their knees ...

Shuya's Fifth "Miracle"

The fifth "miracle" is also directly related to the Resurrection Cathedral. This is the big bell of the cathedral. He had a weight of 1270 pounds (about 21 tons!). Its height is 5 arshins (arshin = 71 cm) and its diameter is 4 arshins. This is the 10th-11th largest bell in Russia. (For comparison: the main bell of the main cathedral in Rome - St. Peter's Cathedral - weighs "only" 700 pounds).

Shuya's sixth "miracle"

Features of life and customs of the Shuyans, repeatedly reflected in Russian folklore. It is rare that a city can boast of so many sayings, sayings, jokes...
For example, the well-known expressions "Vanya-grouse" and "Turushinsky scoop" are of purely Shui origin. "Vanya the grouse" once lived in our city, and the expression "Turushinsky scoop" comes from the name of the former owner of the store on the Shuya Trading Square - Turushin Ivan Martyanovich.

And how many sayings about Shuya and Shuyans:

I've been to St. Petersburg, poured on the floor and didn't fall here;
Shuisky rogue, at least he will harness anyone to the collar;
If only I had a strong soap;
Pray to God in Suzdal and Murom, take a walk in Vyazniki, get drunk in Shuya;
Bes was given to the soldiers.
The last proverb is from the story about Savva Grudtsyn (written in the 60s of the 17th century), which tells how the Shuyans "gave demons into soldiers." By the way, some researchers consider this story the first experience of creating a Russian novel!

Shuya's seventh "miracle"

Looking at the seven-century history of Shuya, one cannot fail to notice some special attitude of persons of "royal blood" towards our city.

The territory of the Shuisky municipal district was originally part of the so-called Rostov-Suzdal land, which in 1097 became a separate principality. Subsequently, from the Rostov-Suzdal land, as a result of specific crushing, 3 inheritances were formed, one of which - ours - Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod - included, among other things, Shuya with adjacent territories and existed until 1392, then becoming part of the Muscovite state.

The modern coat of arms of the Shuisky municipal district, entered in the State Heraldic Register under No. 1400, speaks in many respects about the antiquity of the Shuya lands: azure orb with gold decorations and a cross and ermine edge), and accompanied at the corners by four indirect gold trileaf crosses. The princely hat hints at the princes and boyars of the Shuiskys, whose fiefdom was this territory in the 14th century. Sokol - the coat of arms of Suzdal - speaks of the ancestral roots of the Shuiskys - the Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal princes. The crosses symbolize 4 ancient monasteries located on the territory of the region (Nikolo-Shartomsky in Vvedenye, known since 1425, Holy Assumption and Annunciation in Dunilovo, Voskresensko-Feodorovsky in Sergeev).

The Shuya side has been associated with representatives of the reigning families for centuries. Relatives of one of the wives of Ivan the Terrible - Marfa Sobakina - owned the village of Ilinskoye or the Teleshovsky churchyard of the Shuisky district (although some historians dispute this fact), the first wife of Peter the Great lived, according to legend, in the Dunilovsky Annunciation Monastery, the village in this period of the early 18th century owned by her father Fyodor Lopukhin.

Shuya is one of the ancient cities of Russia; it has been mentioned in Russian chronicles since the end of the 14th century, although it undoubtedly arose much earlier as a settlement. There is reason to believe that Shuya already existed in the 13th century. and was part of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. Perhaps Shuya was among the fortress cities built on the lands of the principality at the direction of Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich before the invasion of Batu. After its formation in 1350. Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod principality, Shuya became part of it.

The earliest mention of Shuya is associated with Prince Vasily Kirdyapa, to whom it was given by Moscow Prince Vasily Dmitrievich. Kirdyapa's son, Yuri, became the founder of the famous family of the Shuisky princes, who played a significant political role in the middle of the 16th and early 17th centuries. Tsar Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky (reigned 1606-1610) belonged to this family. At the very beginning of the XV century. Shuya is the center of a small specific principality ruled by the Shuisky princes. Later, Shuya was part of the Suzdal district for several centuries.

On the history of the city before the beginning of the 17th century. little is known. Among the main reasons for this is the loss of all the ancient documents of Shuya during the Time of Troubles, as well as the lack of archaeological research in the city. Only a few milestones in its development can be noted, dating back to the 16th century. A significant fact in the history of the city of this period is the ruin of Shuya by the Kazan Khan Safa-Giray in 1539, which is mentioned in the Nikon chronicle. During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, Shui in 1548 was given "for feeding" to the boyar I.B. Golokhvastov, and in 1565 Shuya and Teleshovskaya volost, among other 19 cities, were included in the oprichnina; The city was granted new lands. According to the spiritual charter of Ivan the Terrible, in 1572 Shuya was given into the possession of his son Fyodor.

From the 2nd quarter of the 17th century. the formation of Shuya as a fishing and trading city begins. This was greatly facilitated by the convenient geographical position on the navigable Teza River, which communicates with the Volga through the Klyazma and Oka, and the abundance of auxiliary crafts developing due to low soil fertility. Shipping on the Teza was first mentioned in 1614. Local merchants sent goods to all the lower Volga cities to Astrakhan, and from the Makarievskaya Fair, the largest in Russia in those years, which was held annually on the left bank of the Volga near the walls of the Makaryev Zheltovodsky Monastery (now the territory of the village of Makaryevo Nizhny Novgorod region), they returned with fish, salt, bread and other goods. In the Shuya Gostiny Dvor, which was mentioned already in 1629, in the middle of the 17th century. was the shop of an English trading company.

Soap making was the most ancient and one of the distinctive crafts for Shuya, and when the coats of arms of Russian cities were established in 1781, it was no coincidence that Shuya was given a coat of arms with a bar of soap. Highly approved on August 16, 1781, the original description of which reads:<Въ верхней части щита гербъ Владимiрскiй. Въ нижней - въ красномъ полh, брусъ мыла, означающiй славные находящiеся въ городh мыльные заводы>. The red color of the field of the coat of arms allegorically speaks of the eventful history of the Shuya land. In the pre-revolutionary period, only three emblems of the cities of the present Ivanovo region were approved in Russia: Kineshma, Lukh and Shuya.

In the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich, blacksmithing became the main craft business. Among the Shui artisans in the documents of the 2nd half of the 17th century. tanners, furriers, and rawhides are mentioned. In addition, in the XVII century. Shuya was one of the centers of the Suzdal school of icon painting. The origin of local icon painting, apparently, dates back to more ancient times, and its traditions were subsequently continued in the famous schools of Palekh and Kholuy. One of the Shui masters was the painter Gerasim Tikhonov, the son of Ikonnikov. It was he who, in 1654, painted the icon of the Shuya-Smolensk Mother of God, later recognized as miraculous (since the late 1930s, it is considered to have disappeared).

Under Peter I, small textile enterprises began to appear (in particular, those that made sails). Later, around 1755, the first linen manufactory was founded by the Shuya merchant Yakov Igumnov, and at the beginning of the reign of Catherine II, linen enterprises of the merchants Shilov, Kornilov, Nosov and others appeared. the textile industry has taken a leading place in Shuya's economy. In the 19th century Shuya became one of the most economically developed county towns. During this period, she firmly took one of the leading places in the textile industry in Russia.

In the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries Shuya was not only a large commercial and industrial center, but also distinguished by good amenities and a fairly high level of education and culture. By the beginning of the XX century. Shuya is one of the largest cities in the Vladimir province. In terms of population, it was two to three times larger than such cities as Kovrov and Murom, and only slightly inferior to provincial Vladimir. Due to the growth of industry from the 2nd half of the 19th century. by the beginning of the 20th century. Shuya had a developed textile industry and a numerous working class, which, for the most part, did not break with the countryside. In 1918, the Ivanovo-Voznesenskaya province was formed, where the city of Shuya moved, since 1929 Shuya became the regional center of the Ivanovo region.

Currently, Shuya is an exceptionally interesting city in Central Russia in terms of architecture and urban planning ensemble. Rarely preserved buildings of the 18th-early 20th centuries. brought to our days the atmosphere of a Central Russian merchant city.

Finding Shuya on a map of Russia is very simple - it is a small town located in the central part of the Ivanovo region. It has the status of the administrative center of the district of the same name, which is not included. The population in 2017 was 58.7 thousand people - the third indicator in the region after Ivanovo and Kineshma.

The city was founded in 1539 and used to be called Borisoglebskaya Sloboda.

Shuya on the map of Russia, geography, nature and climate

Shuya is in interfluve of the Klyazma and Volga, crosses it from north to south Teza river, in addition, it flows here Seha tributary.

The city is located in the temperate continental climate zone with pronounced seasonal weather changes. The coldest month is January (-12.1°C) and the warmest is July (+18.1°C). Due to the constant activity of cyclones, this area is characterized by frequent changes in weather phenomena. The maximum amount of precipitation occurs in the summer.

Shuya is located at the junction of two natural zones - mixed forests and European taiga.

Routes on the map of Shuya. Transport infrastructure

A railway line passes through the city, going south to Savino, and north to Ivanovo. Shuya station accepts passenger trains to Moscow and St. Petersburg. Also, suburban trains to Kovrov and Ivanovo pass through it.

  • Shuya is located on highway R152 connecting Rostov with Nizhny Novgorod. Accessible to federal highways M7 and M8.
  • From north to south, the settlement crosses highway of regional importance P71 Seninsky Dvoriki-Kineshma, which flows into the highway M7.

Public transport runs along the streets of the city, a dozen and a half bus routes have been developed.

From the local bus station you can reach many settlements of the Ivanovo region, including:

  • Kineshma;
  • Palekh;
  • Puchezh;
  • Pestyaki;
  • Ivanovo.

There are also intercity routes to Moscow, Kostroma, Kovrov, Murom, Yaroslavl, transit buses go to Nizhny Novgorod, Cheboksary and Vladimir.

Sights of the city of Shuya

A map of Shuya with streets allows you to see where all the iconic places of this ancient city are located.

  • One of the most interesting places soap museum, where you can not only learn about the past of local soap making, but also take part in the preparation of this product.
  • Shuya is the birthplace of the famous symbolist poet of the Silver Age K. Balmont, in whose memory he works Literary Museum his name. The museum building is an architectural monument of pseudo-Russian style.
  • Of great interest are remains of the city jail, which has long been one of Shuya's symbols. It became famous for its prisoners - at one time eminent boyars of the era of Ivan the Terrible and the Soviet military leader M. Frunze were imprisoned here.
  • In the city you can see monument to the clergy and laity of the Russian Orthodox Church who fell during the years of Bolshevik persecution.
  • Shuya is famous for its churches - here is Church of St. Seraphim of Sarov, as well as the Transfiguration Cathedral.
  • AT museum of Ivanovo chintz they will tell about the origin, formation and achievements of the craft, which has become the hallmark of the region.

Main streets of Shuya

On the map of Shuya with houses, you can find all 363 streets and avenues, as well as over three thousand buildings and structures. Among the main ones are:

  • Lenina Street- one of the central city highways. It starts from the junction of Komsomolskaya and Vasilyevsky streets, and at the end it passes into the Vasilyevsky tract. The Passage, the central market and the city library are located in this area.
  • Sovetskaya street- at one time it was called Millionnaya because of the large number of rich houses of the local nobility. Here is the building of the municipal administration, a memorial to the soldiers who fell during the Great Patriotic War, as well as the first monument in the country to M. Frunze.
  • General Belov Street- named after a fellow countryman, a famous military figure who took part in the defense of Tula. Passes by the church of Xenia of Petersburg.
  • Sverdlov street(formerly called Kovrovskaya) - starts from Green Square, where the monument to the clergy who fell for the faith is located, nearby is the five-tier bell tower of the Resurrection Cathedral made of stone.

Economy and industry of the city of Shuya

Looking at a satellite map of Shuya, it is not difficult to spot local businesses. Traditionally, the city specialized in the production of fabrics, and today the Shuisky calico factory operates here, which produces fabric and clothing products from cotton.

The Shuiskaya Accordion enterprise produces keyboard-pneumatic instruments, as well as furniture products.

The local Aquarius plant assembles electronic equipment, while Shuiskaya Vodka manufactures alcoholic beverages.

Shuya also has its own furniture, woolen-cloth and stitch-embroidery factory.

In total, there are 17 companies in the Shuya Enterprise Register as of 2018.

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