Our Transbaikal animal .... Nature, plants and animals of the Trans-Baikal Territory Animals living in the Trans-Baikal Territory

Completed by: student 2 "G" of the class of secondary school No. 22, Chita Burdinskaya Natalia Head: Plaschevataya Evgenia Alexandrovna "Endangered Animals of Transbaikalia"

The global list of endangered species is growing at an alarming and unprecedented rate, while governments are paying less and less attention to conservation, environmentalists say. In the next 50 years, more than 30 percent of the animal and plant species that exist today will disappear from the face of the Earth. Introduction

The distribution range of the red wolf is quite wide: in the mountains from the Pamirs to the Far East, but everywhere it is very rare. The animal is small in size, but rather high-legged. Body length up to 110cm, tail up to 50cm. The muzzle is short, the tail is fluffy. The color is reddish, darker on the head. Red Wolf

The second name of the snow leopard is the irbis. Irbis can be found in the South-Eastern Transbaikalia, in Altai, in Kyrgyzstan, in the Western and Central Sayans. The length of the snow leopard is 1-1.3m, the tail is 0.8-1m, and the body weight is up to 40kg. The main coat color is light grey. Snow Leopard

The distribution range of otters covers all of Europe, Asia to Java and North Africa. In the Trans-Baikal Territory, it is rare in the basins of almost all large rivers, except for their sections located in the steppe zone. A large marten is about the size of an average dog, weighing approximately 10-15 kg. Body length is about 80-90cm, tail up to 50cm. The limbs are short. Color brown. The otter is a great swimmer and diver. It feeds on fish, amphibious birds and small mammals. Otter

At the beginning of the last century, a large population of the marmot lived in the southeast of Transbaikalia, and industrial harvesting of the skins of this animal was carried out. The high rate of production has caused a sharp drop in the number of marmots. In Transbaikalia, there are 2 types of marmots: tarbagan and black-capped marmot. Marmots are relatively large rodents, body length 30-60cm, tail 10-25cm. The life expectancy of a marmot is 8-9 years. Groundhogs live in families. The family uses one burrow system. Marmot

The peregrine falcon is a bird of prey from the falcon family, common on all continents except Antarctica. The peregrine falcon is the fastest bird on earth, reaching speeds of over 32 km per hour. Length is 35-50cm, wingspan is 80-120cm. The peregrine falcon feeds on birds of medium and small sizes, sometimes preying on small mammals of medium size, such as bats, hare, and squirrels. peregrine falcon

The Mongolian Saker Falcon is common in Southern Transbaikalia. Most individuals are migratory and roam over fairly long distances. Saker falcons have an average wing of 360cm. Individual variations in coloration are significant. In Transbaikalia, the feeding regime of Saker Falcons consists of ground squirrels, pikas, young marmots, hares and various birds. Breeds infrequently in Transbaikalia due to lack of nesting sites. saker falcon

The Dahurian hedgehog inhabits the southern and central Transbaikalia. This species is small in size with short needles. Body length 19-9cm, weight 600-1400g. The basis of nutrition is insects, invertebrates, also eats toads, snakes, bird eggs, carrion. There is no exact information about the number of Dahurian hedgehog. A sharp reduction in hedgehogs occurred after 1964, this is due to the destruction of the colonies of tarbagans, in whose dwellings hedgehogs wintered. Dahurian hedgehog

This species is distributed throughout Western Transbaikalia. The bird is larger than a goose, body length is 1m. The color is black with a metallic sheen. Beak, throat and legs are bright red. Storks nest in hard-to-reach places. The nest is a structure made of twigs, branches, clay and turf. The clutch usually contains 3-5 eggs. The stork feeds on marsh plants, fish, frogs, tadpoles, and insects. Birds are found in family groups of 3-5 individuals. Black stork

In our region lives in the South-East of Transbaikalia. It mainly lives on plains with gentle slopes of hills. Dzeren is a small, light antelope. Height at the withers 60-80 cm, weight 30 kg. Color sandy grey. They can reach speeds up to 70-80 km / h. Dzerens eat dozens of species of herbs, leaves and shoots of shrubs. Dzerens are herd animals. These are migratory animals. Dzeren

The Kodar form of the ram lives in Transbaikalia. This is a large animal with a massive body, short and strong legs. The color is dominated by light brown and gray-brown tones. The body length of males is 165-171, females 139-144 cm. The range covers the systems of Northeast Asia. The Kodar ram is distributed in the north of the Trans-Baikal Territory. They feed mainly on herbaceous plants, fungi, lichens and mosses. They usually live in groups of 2-7 individuals. Snow ram

Since man is one of the primary causes of the extinction of many animal species, accordingly, he must take care of the conservation of endangered populations. The government should allocate money for the implementation of programs for the conservation of animals listed in the Red Book Conclusion

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Transbaikalia is rich in commercial fur-bearing animals, there are about 25 species. The smallest furry animal on earth - a predatory weasel, is subject to absolute protection, its number has not yet been established. The wolverine lives in the most remote places of the taiga. Other fur-bearing animals are also widespread: red and black-brown fox, corsac, badger, muskrat, tarbagan, local and acclimatized species of hares. Among ungulates, roe deer occupy the first place in terms of numbers, followed by wild boars, elk and red deer. Musk deer - a miniature Transbaikal deer is the subject of great demand in medicine for the musky gland of the male, the so-called stream. Dzeren and bighorn sheep are listed in the Red Book of Russia, as well as a representative of the northern taiga, a wild deer - sogzhoy. In all districts of the region there is a wolf. There are up to 4 thousand brown bears in the region. Manul is listed in the Red Book of Russia - a rare steppe cat leading a secretive lifestyle. The black-capped marmot is considered to be an endangered species, strongly pursued by man because of its beautiful fur. The tiger, the pride of Russian nature, is listed in the International Red Book. The world of birds is rich and diverse - more than 350 species of birds. Black grouse, capercaillie and hazel grouse are found in the forests. On the lakes - mallards, divers, mergansers, geese, gray swans. Trans-Baikal reservoirs are inhabited by more than 60 species of fish. The northern lakes of Chara are inhabited by delicacy whitefish, as well as davatchans. Davatchan is listed in the Red Book of Russia. The Ivano-Arakhlei lakes are rich in fish. In the upper reaches of the Ingoda, Shilka, Onon and Argun, royal species of taimen, lenok, and grayling live.

Zabaykalsky Krai. The fauna of the Baikal natural territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory is represented by species of the Dauro-Mongolian zoogeographic province: light polecat, Dahurian pika, Mongolian marmot; taiga and mountain taiga species: sable, Siberian weasel, brown bear, lynx, squirrel, chipmunk; forest-steppe species: badger, baby mouse and many other species of vertebrates and invertebrates. River basin Khilok is a huge migratory corridor providing the movement of representatives of the avifauna. In general, the composition of the bird population tends to be typical of the taiga.

The Arakhleysky nature reserve is located 70 km from the city of Chita. The creation of the reserve was due to the need to preserve natural ecosystems in the largest recreation area in the Chita region. More than 150 thousand people visit the territory of the reserve every year, who come to relax at numerous recreation centers or in the "wild" way. The reserve seeks to regulate the use of land and water resources, prevents uncontrolled development and pollution of lake shores.
From Chita to the reserve there is a good asphalt road crossing the Yablonovy Ridge.
Ivano-Arakhleysky reserve in facts and figures:
Formed in 1993.
Total area - 210 thousand ha
It is located on the territory of the Chita region.
The main natural objects: 6 large lakes, several dozen small ones, larch taiga, birch and aspen forests.
State Biosphere Reserve "Daursky" is located in the south of the Chita region. The territory of the reserve is represented mainly by steppe landscapes with characteristic species of plants and animals, including such rare ones as gazelle antelope, Dahurian hedgehog, wild cat manul and Mongolian marmot (tarbagan). The open spaces of the steppes attract rare birds: the steppe eagle, golden eagle, saker falcon.
The most important sights of the reserve are the Torey lakes (Barun-Torey and Zun-Torey) - the largest lakes of Transbaikalia. A feature of the lakes is their periodic filling and drying, which occurs on average once every 30 years. So, in the 20th century, the lakes dried up four times. Torey lakes form an endorheic basin, taking water from small steppe rivers. For this reason, lake waters contain a large amount of dissolved salts.
The Torey lakes attract many species of birds that nest along their banks. In addition, the lakes are crossed by the flight paths of many species of birds that nest in more northern regions. For this reason, the bird fauna of the reserve is extremely rich (150 nesting, 120 migratory species).
A special place is occupied by one of the largest and most beautiful birds of our fauna - cranes. Three species of cranes nest on the territory of the reserve - white-naped, gray and belladonna. Two more species - the white crane (Siberian Siberian Crane) and the black crane - nest in the north, however, in the reserve they are represented by young birds that have not started nesting, as well as on migration. And in 2002, Japanese cranes were also encountered in the reserve. Thus, six species of cranes can be found in the reserve at once - more than anywhere else in the world.

The Aginskaya Steppe reserve was established in 2004 and is located between the rivers Onon and Aga. The purpose of creating the reserve was to preserve and restore the natural steppe and water ecosystems of the Aginskaya steppe. The main part of the reserve is made up of slightly hilly plains occupied by various steppe communities. The most common here are forb-feather grass, forb-grass and thread-leaved steppes.

The presence of a large number of lakes attracts a variety of near-water birds, especially during the autumn-spring migrations. Aquatic vegetation, as well as the larvae of mosquitoes, shore flies and other aquatic invertebrates living in the shallow lakes, are excellent food for many birds. Here, on the steppe lakes, you can meet teals (whistlers and crackers), mallards, gray ducks, red-headed pochards, whooper swans, and even such a rare species as the dry goose. During periods of migration, gray geese, bean goose, as well as numerous waders (sandpipers, godwit, brown-winged plovers, fifi, stilt) feed on the lakes. Cranes gather near the lakes - belladonna, Dahurian, black, gray and even white (cranes). Up to 3,000 belladonnas and several dozens of black cranes live here every year. Many species of birds find excellent places for rest and feeding during seasonal flights on the territory of the reserve.
The abundance of birds on the lakes of the Aginsk steppe is due to the fact that the territory of the reserve is located on one of the most massive - the East Asian-Australian flyway of bird migrations (Goroshko, 2006). At least 250 species of birds have been recorded in the reserve.
Of the birds nesting in the steppe in the reserve, the most common are larks (Mongolian, horned, field, small, gray), wheatears (common and dancer), Japanese quail, bearded (Dahurian) partridge, demoiselle crane, bustard, as well as ducks - shelduck and shelduck. The most characteristic predator is the Upland Long-legged Long-legged Buzzard, the Steppe Eagle is less common. About 30 species of birds have been noted on the territory of the reserve, which are included in the international list of CITES, taken under protection at the federal or regional levels.
The reserve plays a particularly important role in the conservation of such a rare, endangered species as the bustard. It is believed that up to 30-50 bustards nest in the reserve every year, which is about 10% of all birds of this species living in our region.
There are numerous rodents in the reserve - long-tailed ground squirrel, jumping jerboa, large and narrow-skulled voles, Trans-Baikal hamster, Dahurian zokor. In the past, Mongolian marmots (tarbagans) were also widespread, but in recent decades their numbers are small and this species has been taken under protection. Of the lagomorphs, there are the tolai hare and the Dahurian pika. Among other species of mammals in the Aginskaya steppe are the wolf, fox, corsac, manul, steppe polecat, solongoy, badger, Dahurian hedgehog. In some places, especially closer to the Tsyrik-Narasun pine forest, Siberian roe deer are found. In total, about 35 species of mammals have been noted in the reserve.
The Trans-Baikal steppes are inhabited by the tolai hare, which is distinguished as an independent species. Finally, in the Amur region and the Ussuri Territory, a small, rabbit-like, short-eared and short-legged Manchurian hare is common.

List of animals and birds listed in the Red Book of the Trans-Baikal Territory

Dzeren, Amur tiger, snow leopard, snow sheep, mountain sheep, red wolf, otter, manul, Daurian hedgehog, marmots (Mongolian tarbagan, black-capped), bustard, geese (mountain, sukhonos, white-fronted goose, tundra and taiga goose),
red-throated goose, ducks (mandarin duck, kloktun, Baer's duck, kamenushka), avocet, stilt, curlews (large, Far Eastern and middle), mountain snipe, godwit (large, Asian snipe), white-winged crake, great cormorant, Amur bittern, red heron , spoonbill, swans (whooper, lesser), storks (black, Far Eastern), common flamingo, cranes (crane, gray, daurian, black, belladonna), osprey, peregrine falcon, saker falcon, white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, imperial eagle, steppe eagle, crested honey buzzard, greater spotted eagle, gyrfalcon, black vulture, steppe kestrel, relic gull, greave, eagle owl, etc.

Elk - The number of approximately 7000 - 9000 individuals. The main livestock is in the Tungokochinsky and Tungiroolekmensky districts. Density - 1 - 2 individuals per 1000 ha. In general, there is less than one animal per 1000 ha in the region. The southern border is not taken into account The largest of the deer. Range length. body up to 3 m. Weight up to 570 - 600 kg. The legs are very long. The head is massive, hook-nosed, with large ears, the neck is short, thick with a standing mane, a fold of skin hangs down under the larynx and lower lip - an “earring”. The horns are wide, spade-shaped with a span of 1.5 m. The hooves are large and long. The color of the body is dark brown, the legs are from light gray to white. Horns fall off at the end of November-December, begin to grow in March-April. It lives in forest and forest-steppe zones. In winter, it lives in thickets, on burned areas, in summer - in clearings, in marshy places. During the day it grazes and rests several times. In winter, it feeds during the day, in summer - at night, usually at dawn. It uses up to 350 species of plants for food, incl. Many tree and shrub species. Eats 12 - 20 kg of feed per day. Salt licks visit in summer. Red deer - The number of 20 - 25 thousand heads. Basically, the population is stable. Density 1-2 individuals per 1000 ha. Only in Khiloksky district the number decreased. 2 - 3% of the total livestock is harvested annually. It is a subspecies of red deer with a very slender build. Quite a large animal, body length 2.3 - 2.5 m, weight - 250 - 300 kg. Males have branched, annually changing horns. The ears are large, the tail is short. The color of the coat is brown or reddish in summer, gray in winter. Near the tail, the spot ("mirror") is large, from white to rusty. The horns fall off in March-April, and after a few days new ones, the so-called "antlers", begin to grow. Inhabits lowland and mountainous, mixed and coniferous forests. He likes to graze on clearings and burnt areas. For a normal habitat, watering places and salt licks are required. In summer they feed in the morning and in the evening, in winter - around the clock. Hearing and smell are well developed, vision is weak. In nutrition uses about 300 species of plants. In summer it feeds on forbs, foliage, in autumn - fruits, in winter - shoots, bark, dry grass and leaves. They are of great commercial importance. The most valuable are antlers, from which a tonic medicine, pantocrine, is made. The meat is of good quality. For various crafts, skins and horns are used. Wolves cause great harm to deer, less often - bears, lynxes and wolverines. Wild reindeer Deer family. Large animal, body length up to 2.0 m, height at the withers up to 1 m, weight up to 100 kg. Compared to red deer, it is squat, with short legs. The hooves are large and can move apart. The tail is short, the ears are also short. The rods of the horns are arcuate, spatulately widened at the ends. In winter they are gray in color, in summer with a brown tint. They feed on lichens, herbaceous and shrubby plants, eat mushrooms, visit salt licks. The main enemies of deer are wolves, bears, lynxes, wolverines. In Kalarsky, Tungokochinsky and Tungiro-Olyokmensky districts. The number is from 7000 to 10000 individuals. Continues to shrink. They need protection. Wild boar Absent in three steppe regions. The number is approximately 6000 individuals. Decreased number in Sretinsky, Akshinsky, Khiloksky and Chita districts. This is a large forest animal with a massive body on short legs. The front of the body is higher than the back. The muzzle is elongated into a long snout with a "patch" at the end. Fangs grow throughout life up to 8 - 10 cm. Covered with thick, hard bristles of brown color, on the ridge and back - a mane. Body length up to 200 cm, tail - 30 cm, body weight 150 kg. The legs are short, with rounded black hooves. The habitat is very diverse: taiga, forest-steppe, rise high into the mountains. They settle in dense thickets, near swamps, reservoirs. They keep in herds, especially in winter and autumn during the fattening period. Wild boars are active at night, during the day they rest in the thickets. A lot of grass, reeds are dragged onto winter beds, and the bedding is raked into large shocks. In summer they rest from above, and in winter they burrow inside. In summer, it lives near water bodies, where it arranges mud baths. P The food is varied. They eat tubers, rhizomes, grasses, carrion, mice, chicks, as well as cultivated plants (potatoes, corn, oats). Gives birth to 4-5, sometimes up to 12 striped piglets. Lives up to 30 years. The main enemy is the wolf. In the forest, it brings both harm and benefit, loosening the soil, and contributes to the renewal of the forest. The number is declining. Roe Deer Lives in all areas. The number of more than 30 thousand individuals. The most massive species of the deer family. The population is relatively stable. It adapts well to the conditions of the anthropogenic landscape. Occurs in the vicinity of the city of Chita. Due to poaching, the abundance of predators, the number of stray dogs does not reach optimal values. In protected areas (Tsasucheisky boron), the number reaches 30 - 55 individuals per 1000 The smallest deer, ha. light, slender, graceful physique. Body length up to 150 cm, height up to 100 cm, weight 25 - 50 kg. Horns grow only in males, in females they are extremely rare. The color of the coat is bright red in summer, gray-brown in winter, near the tail there is a tail “mirror” white spot. Young calves are spotted. It lives in the taiga, forest and forest-steppe zones. In winter they live in groups. In hot weather they graze in the morning and evening, in winter they feed all day. In winter, they lie down in the snow, having previously dug it to the ground. They feed on leaves and thin shoots, sometimes on lichens. Salt licks visit in summer. Kobarga Found everywhere. The number is approximately 22,000 individuals. Due to the increasing demand for the jet - the musky gland of the male - is of great economic importance. It can reach a density of 50 - 60 individuals per 1000 ha. Hoofed, hornless graceful animal, up to 1 m long, weighing up to 10 - 17 kg. Hind limbs long, front short. The hooves are long, thin, pointed, the hooves of the lateral toes reach the ground. The hairline is dark brown, with indistinct spotting, coarse, dense. Males have fangs up to 10 cm long. The head is small, the eyes are kind, the ears are long. It lives in mountainous, hilly taiga, in rocky placers, as well as in flat coniferous forests with dense undergrowth of rhododendron. However, it rarely enters the loaches. Moves freely on the rocks, jumping from stone to stone, both from top to bottom, and from bottom to top. Resting in thickets, windbreaks. In summer it leads a nocturnal lifestyle, in winter it is daytime. The basis of nutrition is lichens and mosses, shoots, leaves, needles, herbs, cap mushrooms. The musk deer is a solitary animal, it does not form herds. Enemies - wolves, wolverines, lynxes, bears, sables, eagles. Exterminated by man because of the musk gland of the male. The snow sheep is listed in the Red Book of Russia. It lives on the Kodar ridge and possibly on the Udokan ridge in the mountain tundra. It belongs to rare and endangered species. There are no official numbers. It is necessary to organize a reserve in the Kalarsky district to preserve the species. Body length 180 cm, height at the withers up to 100 cm, weight up to 140 kg. The female is smaller than the male with horns. Horns up to 110 cm long in girth up to 36 cm. Chunky, brownish-brown fur. In the rocks it escapes from the wolves and here it rests on its beds. They live in herds of up to 10-20 pieces. Before the rut, males gather harems of 5-15 females. Dzeyren is listed in the Red Book of Russia. There are no counting data. It is possible to enter from Mongolia. There is a population in the Daursky Reserve. Brown bear The total number is about 2500 individuals. The increased demand for bearskin and bile requires the judicious exploitation of this species. The largest forest predatory animal. It has a powerful body with a massive head and small eyes. Paws are five-fingered, strong, with large claws. The gait is soft, unhurried, but runs fast, up to 50 km/h. It swims well and fishes in the rivers. Inhabits dense thickets with windbreak, places adjacent to clearings, water bodies. They live settled, on average 0.1 - 2 individuals per 1000 ha, in cedar forests - up to 10. In summer, it lives among large grasses, on berry fields. From mid-October to April, he sleeps in a den. For a lair, he selects a secluded place in the forest under the trunk of a fallen tree or under uprooted roots in a windfall, or in a thicket of young growth, often occupy caves in the rocks or dig a hole. The lair is large in size, up to 1 m high, 1-1.2 m wide, up to 1.8 m long. The bear gets very fat before hibernation. The accumulated fat is used to maintain body temperature during hibernation up to 37 degrees. It feeds on animals and plant foods. Eats insects, catches fish, small inhabitants, loves honey, berries, especially raspberries, lingonberries, doves. Often destroys anthills. In the bear's den, 1-3 blind cubs weighing up to 0.5 kg appear. In the spring they eat greens, insects, hunt wild ungulates. In medicine, bear fat and bile are used. In lean years, many bears do not hibernate, they are called "rods". They are not afraid of humans, they attack domestic animals. Wolf In all regions of the region. Sunset is observed from Mongolia and China. The number in the region is not less than 1800. The permissible density should not exceed 0.5 per 1 thousand square kilometers, that is, no more than 200 individuals. Population control is needed. A typical large predator with a slender body, elongated head, narrow muzzle, erect ears, powerful muscular neck. Legs dry, very strong, straight digitigrade, 4 toes on paws, claws not retractable, blunt. The tail is long, fluffy. Body length 105 - 155 cm, tail -35 - 50 cm, weighs 35-50 kg, sometimes even up to 80 kg. They hunt in groups for large animals - elk, cows, horses. They also catch hares, roe deer, and deer. They feed on carrion, the fruits of wild plants. At one time, the wolf eats more than 3 kg of meat. Wolves settle in ravines, gullies for breeding, the rest of the time they lead a wandering lifestyle. They live in pairs. Perfectly adapted, intelligent predator. He hears well, has great physical strength and endurance. It hunts at night and travels up to 100 km without rest. Obtains food by stealing, chasing and stealing animals. More often, weakened and sick animals become victims. The raccoon dog penetrated the Amur and from China. Not studied. Possible source of rabies. The body is squat, on short legs, covered with thick long coarse brownish-gray fur, the chest is brownish-black. Wide sideburns are developed on the sides of the head. On the muzzle there is a characteristic pattern in the form of a dark mask. The tail and legs are short. Body length up to 80 cm, weight from 4 to 10 kg. Lives on the Torey lakes, in the floodplains of the Argun, Onon, Ingoda, Khilka rivers, as well as in mixed forests with dense undergrowth, avoids coniferous taiga. Settles in the burrows of badgers and foxes. Omnivorous. It feeds on small rodents, frogs, birds, berries, oats, herbs and garbage. Gets very fat in autumn. In winter, it falls into a shallow sleep. They hunt mainly at night; they walk poorly on loose snow. The fur is not very beautiful, but wearable, warm. Fox In all regions of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The number is approximately 1800 - 2200 individuals. Valuable fur animal, fiery red color. Body length 60-85 cm, fluffy tail 30-50 cm long, tip of the tail and chest white, tips of the ears and front sides of the legs are black. Lives in sparse forest plantations, on forest edges, in river valleys. It is omnivorous, but the basis of food is mouse-like rodents. Eats small birds, hares, insects, frogs, young roe deer. Settles in burrows. Activity throughout the day. The sight of the fox is weaker than the sense of smell and hearing. There are two molts during the summer. Beneficial, destroying a significant number of mouse-like rodents. Korsak is a steppe fox. The number is unknown. May be a source of rabies infection. A useful species for biocenoses. feeds on rodents, locusts and carrion. Study is needed. Lynx The number of approximately 2000 - 2500 individuals. In all areas. The density is approximately 0.3 individuals per 1000 ha. A sharp decline in numbers due to fur. The number of young animals has sharply decreased. This is a large, strong and dangerous predator, resembling a large forest cat. The body length is about a meter, the height at the shoulders is 0.5-0.6 m, the weight of an adult lynx is up to 30 kg. The head is small, round, on the sides are wide sideburns, large tassels at the ends of the ears, the tail is fluffy, short, as if chopped off. The paws are very wide, hairy, round, the front paws are five-toed, the hind ones are four-toed. The lynx moves well in deep snow. Lives in dense cluttered forests, near rocky areas. The lynx roams rarely, only with a lack of food. It feeds mainly on hares and small animals. But she also attacks young boars, kabaroks, roe deer, feeds on hazel grouse, black grouse. Hunts from ambush and waiting for the victim, sometimes stealthily. Can pursue the victim for 2-3 days. It lies in wait for large victims in the trees, from where it jumps onto the animal and gnaws its neck. It rarely attacks a person, but often fights with a dog. Wolverine The number of approximately 700 individuals. Twenty-seven districts of the region. A relatively large animal with a stocky body, weighing up to 16, sometimes up to 32 kg, an elongated muzzle, short round ears, and a shaggy short tail. Paws are short with strong, semi-retractable claws. The fur is thick, shiny, dark brown. A yellowish stripe runs along the sides of the body from the shoulders to the tail. Widely distributed in the taiga, forest-tundra. Most of the year it roams. Passes for a day up to 80 km. Feeds on carrion. In spring and autumn it attacks young ungulates, hares, upland game, and also eats berries. It can devastate food warehouses of hunters, eats animals caught in traps, traps. Good for climbing trees. The lair suits in the crevices of rocks, in stony placers, under the roots of trees. Wolverine fur is coarse, but quite beautiful. The commercial value is small. It lives in the mountain-forest and mountain-taiga zones, rarely enters the forest zone. Badger There are single individuals. Strict accounting and protection is required. This is a cautious, predatory animal of the weasel family. The body is thick on short legs, the muzzle is narrow. Body length up to 1 m, tail - up to 2.5 cm, body weight in autumn due to fat reaches 30 - 35 kg. The color of the coat on the back and sides is silver-gray, the belly is black. Dark stripes are visible on the sides of the head, stretching through the eyes from the nose to the ears. The limbs are plantigrade, the fingers are elongated, the claws are long, blunt. The badger lives in underground burrows, on the slopes of sandy hills, ravines and gullies. Nora is a complex multi-storey building. The badger is a clean animal. Omnivorous, feeds on rhizomes, berries, nuts, small mammals, birds and eggs, beetle and wasp larvae. By autumn, the badger becomes very fat and hibernates due to the accumulation of fat. He sleeps in a burrow on a soft bed made of plant rags. The badger has many enemies - a wolf, a lynx, a bear. The badger is of great benefit by destroying beetles, mouse-like rodents. Now a few groups of badgers are found in forest-steppe regions, and rarely in taiga and steppe regions. Hunting is possible only with special permits. In folk medicine, healing badger fat is used. Sable The number is approximately 20,000 individuals. At the beginning of the twentieth century, it was practically exterminated. Thanks to security measures, the population has recovered. Pretty predatory inhabitant of the taiga. According to the color of the fur and body size, 14 subspecies are distinguished, with a beautiful dark brown color. The body length of a sable is up to 50 cm, the tail is fluffy, 20 cm, and the weight is up to 2 kg. It lives in various types of forest plantations, prefers cedars, thickets of elfin cedar, stony placers. Leads a terrestrial lifestyle. The movements are agile and graceful. It moves well in the snow, thanks to wide densely pubescent paws. Nests are arranged in stumps, hollows, stony placers. Feeds on small animals, birds, squirrels, berries, nuts. Sometimes attacks Large animals like roe deer, red deer. Very active at dusk. During snowfall and severe frosts, it sits in shelters. The hunting area for sable is 25-300 ha. Sable fur is the most valuable. American mink Released in the Krasnochikoysky district along the Chikoy River in 1939. Infiltrated into other areas. The number is approximately 563 individuals (in Red Chikoy). A high number is not advisable - it destroys valuable fish species. Steppe light ferret A useful species in biocenoses. Absent in the Kalarsky district. The number is unknown. However, it is dangerous from the epidemiological point of view. Animals can get sick with plague, etc. Columns In all regions of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The number depends on the number of murines. Security measures are not required. Predatory small animal. The coloration is light red, lighter on the belly, the lips and chin are white, the end of the muzzle from above is brown. Kolonok is an inhabitant of the taiga, but also lives in the forest-steppe zone around lakes, along the banks of rivers. Especially numerous in the eastern regions of the region. Body length up to 40 cm, tail - 15 - 20 cm, weight - up to 900 g. It feeds on small rodents, birds, fish, and attacks the muskrat. In summer it also feeds on berries, in autumn - nuts. Leads a predominantly nocturnal lifestyle. In the winter cold, it sits in a hole. Kolonka pelts are used in the fur industry. The fur of the tail of the speakers is used to make high-quality artistic brushes. It is the most widespread species in preparations among fur-bearing animals. Ermine A small animal from the family of predators, body length up to 38 cm, tail - 16 cm. The body is thin, very elongated, flexible, the hairline is thick, but short. In summer, the upper half and sides are brownish-brown, the lower half is white or yellowish. It is very similar to the weasel in color and body shape, but larger. In winter, like the weasel, the color is snow-white, but the final half of the tail is black all year round. The length of the tail with terminal hairs is equal to or greater than half the length of the body. It lives in forest-steppe, taiga and forest-tundra zones. It lives in floodplains, on cluttered forest-steppes and burnt areas, along forest edges, along lake shores, among scatterings of stones, sometimes in settlements. The basis of nutrition is small rodents, birds, eggs, insects, carrion, berries. Organizes food supplies. Leads mainly a nocturnal lifestyle, but in autumn it comes across during the day in kurumniks. It climbs and swims well, chirps loudly and sharply when excited. Fur trade object. A useful species as an exterminator of harmful rodents. Most often found in the mountain tundra of the Kalarsky region, but also found in all other regions of the Trans-Baikal Territory. Weasel A rare species. The number is unknown. Depends on the number of mice. Needs protection. The smallest predator. Very flexible, like a snake, an elegant animal. The body length is 10-30 cm. The head is small, the neck is very mobile, the ears are rounded, small, the tail is short, one-colored, turns white by autumn. The paws of the weasel are short, the claws are sharp. They live on forest edges, in bushes, in light forests. It spends the night in haystacks, straw, sometimes lives in forest settlements, on cordons. She climbs trees poorly, but swims well. Usually in winter it moves under the snow. Nests are arranged in other people's burrows, lining them with grass or the hair of dead animals. Bloodthirsty predator - hunts day and night for small rodents. Catches up to 8-12 mice per day. He hides the prey in reserve, in his pantry. Hungry can attack capercaillie, partridges, hares. When attacking birds, it takes off with them and gnaws its throat on the fly. It can eat frogs, fish, ground squirrels, hamsters. Manul - wild cat Listed in the Red Book. It occurs in the steppe southern regions of the Trans-Baikal Territory. A wild cat of graceful build with a body length of up to 60 cm, a tail of 30 cm, and a weight of 4-5 kg. The tip of the tail is black and has 6-7 dark rings to the base. Well furred. The eyes are large, the ears are small, do not stick out, but spread out, have “tanks” of a light color. Feeds on small rodents and birds. Hunts in the morning and in the evening by stalking, throwing and short pursuit. Runs slowly. Teacher of geography and ecology, secondary school No. 42, Novokruchininsky town

In this article we will talk about those little animals that live in our vicinity. Some of them are unique and rare, some we see more often. But they are all our "neighbors" and therefore deserve our attention. We will not especially describe their description, how and where they live - this can be found on the Internet.

Also, we will not talk about the famous animals that are found with us. These are: hedgehog, wolves, hares, foxes, field mice, owls,partridges, sparrow swallows, swifts and other things known to all,beast. Here we will place a photo and some information of those animals that seemed interesting to the author for our places. We also note that the bear, wild boar, sable, ermine, red deer, roe deer or wild goat, capercaillie, black grouse, white partridges and other animals also live in Transbaikalia.In the end, we will describe the most common snakes in Transbaikalia, including poisonous ones.

In the nearby forests you can meet black Transbaikal squirrels. Very mobile and intelligent animals. Easily tamed. They often lived with the rocket men, despite the statutory prohibitions, in the areas in the barracks.

Manul is an animal the size of a domestic cat. It differs from an ordinary cat in a more dense, massive body on short thick legs and very thick hair. The head of the manul is small, wide and flattened, with small rounded ears that are widely spaced. The eyes are yellow, the pupils of which in bright light, unlike the pupils of the eyes of a domestic cat, do not acquire a slit-like shape, but remain round. On the cheeks - bunches of elongated hair (tanks). The tail is long and thick, with a rounded tip. A very rare animal - to meet him is a great success.

The black woodpecker is a large (with a crow) coal-black bird, the top of the head (in males) or the back of the head (in females) is bright red. The flight is heavy, straight. A characteristic habit is to accompany a person walking through the forest for some time, flying forward and looking out from behind a tree. It emits a mournful “kluee”, in flight - a sharp cry “kri-kri-kri”. Spring fraction is booming, low tone. Bird of large tall forests.

The blue magpie is similar in general appearance to the common magpie, but much smaller and more beautifully colored. The top of her head is black with a bluish or purple metallic sheen. The back, shoulders and rump are light gray or buffy gray. The tail feathers, wing coverts and outer webs of the secondaries are blue. The throat is white, the rest of the bottom is whitish or light brownish-gray. This magpie has a broken area. Inhabits deciduous forests and shrubs in river valleys. Blue magpies feed on various insects, berries and seeds of wild plants.

Waxwing. The size of a starling, with thick fluffy plumage and a large crest on the head. The coloration is pinkish-gray, the wings are black with yellow and white stripes, the tail, throat and stripe through the eye are black. The tips of the secondary flight feathers are turned into small bright red plates, visible only up close. There is a yellow stripe along the edge of the tail, a narrow white stripe on the wing. Citizens often call them "crested tits", "cockerels" and even "parrots". Inhabits sparse coniferous and mixed forests, overgrown burnt areas and clearings.

Black crane. A very rare, almost unstudied and mysterious bird. All information about it is of great interest to scientists. Significantly smaller than the Common Crane (weight 3.3- 3.5 kg , wingspan - about 165 cm ). The general coloration is black, the head and neck are white, the crown is red. The beak is greenish, the legs are black. The eyes are carmine red. Flight like a gray crane. Less cautious than the Common Crane. Young black cranes look gray from a distance.

Dahurian crane. A rare species, its total number, according to ornithologists, is 4900-5300 individuals. It is protected by international and national laws. A bird about 190 cm and weighing 5.6 kg . The only species of cranes that has pinkish legs and wide white stripes along the neck. There are patches of red bare skin around the eyes. The plumage of most of the body of adult birds is dark gray; flight and covering feathers of wings are lighter and have a silvery tint. Sexual dimorphism (visible differences between male and female) is not pronounced, although males appear somewhat larger. In young birds, the feathers on the head and front of the neck are red, and the flight feathers of the wings and tail are dark gray.

Pika or, as we call them, hayfields. Family of mammals of the order Lagomorphs. Body length up to 25 cm . The ears are short, the tail is invisible from the outside. The color of the top in summer is from ocher to red-brown, in winter it is light, gray-ocher. They inhabit open landscapes, flat steppes and rocky areas of the forest belt. They nest in colonies. Active during the day and at dusk. For the winter, grass and twigs are stored, which are folded into "stacks". By the number and size of these “stacks”, you can determine how long the winter will be.

Dahurian hamster.Small, somewhat larger than a mouse, animal with a short tail. Body length 82- 126 mm, tail 20-33 mm . The muzzle is noticeably pointed, the ears are large, rounded, the foot is bare, the tail is covered with soft short (sometimes longer and coarse) hair, there are no transverse rings on it. The coloration of the upper body is brown or reddish, a more or less pronounced black stripe runs along the ridge from the forehead to the tail, the belly is gray, whitish, the paws and the lower surface of the tail are white, and there is a white border on the ears. It occurs in shrub steppes, semi-fixed sands with caragana, remnants, in cultivated areas. It tends to habitats with shrubs or heaps of stones. It feeds mainly on plant foods (seeds of caragana, sedge, grasses, saltwort). Often eats insects. Active at night. In winter, it almost does not appear on the surface, but there is no real hibernation.

Upland Buzzard. Large bird: total length 61 - 72 cm, wing length 45-50 cm . The general coloration of adult birds of the Upland Buzzard is brown on the dorsal side with buffy rims of feathers, the tail is brown with a blackish transverse pattern, and the ventral side is buffy with a brown longitudinal and transverse pattern. There is also a more or less monochromatic dark brown variation. Young Upland Buzzards without transverse markings on the ventral side. The tarsus is feathered to the toes or at least half the length. The iris is pale brown or yellowish, the beak and claws are black, the cere and legs are yellow. Upland Buzzard is a bird of open spaces, found in the mountains and on the plains, in dry steppe areas. Sedentary or partly nomadic species. Upland Buzzard nests on rocks and on the ground.

Korsak is similar to an ordinary fox, but noticeably smaller (body length 50-60 cm, tail - 25-35 cm), with larger ears and high legs. Shoulder height approx. 30 cm . The muzzle is short, strongly pointed; cheekbones are wide; the ears are large, wide at the base, pointed at the ends. The general coloration is light, gray or reddish-gray, there are shades of red; the belly is whitish or yellowish, the tip of the tail is dark brown or black, the chin is light. The seasonal morphism in the length of the fur is pronounced: in winter the fur is long and lush, in summer it is short and tight. In winter, a gray coating is noticeable near the ridge near the corsac.

Dzeren is an ungulate animal of the genus of gazelles of the bovid family. Listed in the Red Book of Russia. slippery look. Possibly appears only when entering from Mongolia. Dzeren inhabits steppe and semi-desert areas, preferring flat terrain and gentle mountain slopes. In the Mongolian People's Republic, gazelles spend their summers mainly in feather grass steppes and feather grass semi-deserts. In winter, in the northern part of their range, they move to mixed grass steppes.

Relic seagull. Included in the group of dark-headed gulls. It is larger than the black-headed gull, but smaller than the gull. The tips of the wings and narrow edges on the first flight feathers are black. There are bright white rings around the eyes. Beak and legs are red. A colony of relic gulls exists on the Torey lakes. Often, nests die during storms, or birds suddenly abandon them for unknown reasons. In some years, gulls do not nest at all. It is believed that there are only 600-800 pairs of relic gulls in the world. Where it hibernates is unknown. In winter attire, these gulls are very easy to confuse with closely related species. The relic gull is one of the rarest birds in the world. It is included in the Red Books of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, Russia and many other countries. It is strictly forbidden to shoot, collect, and transport any materials from country to country.

Patterned snake - a species of snakes of the already-shaped family of the genus climbing snakes. Reaches in length 1.5 m , the tail, as a rule, does not exceed 17 - 30 cm . The species is characterized by very variable coloration. The general background of the body from above is grayish-brown, sometimes with a brown tint, with four brown longitudinal stripes (two of which are extended to the tail) and with blackish spots. On the upper surface of the head there is a specific pattern that changes with age. A dark temporal stripe runs from the eyes to the neck. The belly is grayish or yellowish with reddish specks and sometimes dark spots. During the molting period, the color changes significantly and often becomes less contrasting.

Common viper. Unlike other snakes, it has a head covered with scales rather than large shields; a dark zigzag stripe runs along its back. From above, the body is colored gray or brown, there are entirely black individuals. The body length of females can exceed 70 cm males are usually smaller. Snakes can be found in forests and swamps, among stony placers, along river valleys overgrown with shrubs. They feed on insects, amphibians, small birds and rodents. In the spring, vipers appear after wintering in con. Apr. - early May. They hibernate deep underground in rodent burrows and crevices between rocks. Vipers are venomous, but not aggressive, rarely biting, only in case of immediate danger. Cases of human death from a bite are rare. One of the reasons for their rarity is their extermination by man. The poison is used to make medicines.

Common muzzle. Family Pit snakes. Before 70 cm length The body is grayish-brown or brown, transverse dark spots run along the back, smaller spots are located on the sides. On the head between the eye and the nostril there is a thermolocator - a deep hole that serves to detect warm-blooded animals at a distance. The pupil is vertical. They feed on rodents, birds and insects. Viviparous. Able to quickly vibrate with the tip of the tail. They are poisonous, although the bite is very rarely fatal. After the bite, the introduction of therapeutic serum is necessary. Season: May-September. Habitats: steppes, bushes, forests.

Interesting facts about Manul Manul is a wild cat that belongs to the oldest creatures on Earth. Scientists estimate the age of its existence at 12 million years, and thanks to a solitary lifestyle, this species has not changed much. Manul was officially introduced to the world in the 17th century. It happened on the shores of the Caspian Sea in 1782, where this handsome man was seen by Peter Pallas, a German naturalist explorer. And subsequently the manula was called “Pallas cat”. Its Latin name is Otocolobus. It consists of two words: "ear" and "ugly". The ears of the manul are really not the same as those of domestic cats, but they are not at all ugly, but very pretty - rounded, with tufts of hair and widely spaced. The Mongols called the cat's manul. Manul is a very unusual cat. This cat lives in the harshest climates with low snow cover. The natural habitat of manul is Central Asia. It can be found in Mongolia, China, Tibet, Transbaikalia, Kashmir, Uzbekistan and the Caspian lowland. Pallas' cat can be found in the mountains at an altitude of 3000 to 4800 m above sea level. Pallas's cat settle in rock crevices or burrows of other animals. Manul's fur is the most fluffy and dense among all cats. Manuls can tolerate cold down to -50°C. The density of manul wool is 9000 hairs per cm². The weight of the manul is the same as that of a domestic cat - from 2 to 6 kg, it seems larger because of its thick fur. The pupils of the manul never acquire a slit-like shape, but always remain round and look more like a human than a cat. The coat color of the manul allows him to disguise himself so that even at a distance of two or three steps it is difficult to notice him. A thick fur coat and short legs limit the mobility of the manul, so he runs in very rare cases. In case of danger, the manul tries to lie low in the hope that it will not be noticed, but if it is revealed, it will certainly hit back the offender. The main prey of manul are mice and pikas, but he will not refuse partridge, lark, insects and orthoptera, ground squirrel or marmot. Sometimes a cat can catch a hare. The manul itself hunts at night, at dawn or at dusk. He arranges his lairs in secluded crevices of stones, but if necessary, he does an excellent job of digging a hole with his own paws. Manul is sedate and unhurried by nature, therefore he tracks down his prey and attacks unexpectedly, from an ambush. Manuls are not prone to migration, they prefer a sedentary lifestyle. Each animal lives in its own specific territory up to 10 km². The average life expectancy of manuls is 10-13 years. Wild manuls breed only once a year, the female's pregnancy lasts about three months, and as a result, two to six kittens are born. During the first three to four months of life, the mother feeds them with milk. Then the manul cub begins to learn how to hunt from his mother, and already at the age of six months he can get his own food on his own. Pallas' cats have a special structure of the immune system, due to their isolated lifestyle from other cats. They do not carry many of the infections and viruses that domestic cats can live with for life. Toxoplasmosis is especially terrible for them. Because of this disease, many kittens of manuls die. How to overcome this problem, zoologists, alas, do not yet know. Kittens of wild manuls are as small and defenseless as kittens of domestic cats. For this reason, in the wild, they often fall prey to birds of prey and predatory animals. But most of the harm (unfortunately) is done to the manula by a person. Today, young manul is dying from infectious diseases caused by contamination of the environment with toxic substances. The number of manul is small and continues to decline throughout its habitat. It is listed in the Red Book of Russia, hunting for it is prohibited. But the poachers did not stop the barbaric hunts for wild cats, and before the ban was introduced, they were massacred. Man and dogs are the main enemies of a wild cat. Often, manuls die due to fires that occur as a result of unauthorized seasonal burning of grass. The most people can do is leave this beautiful animal alone.