Is there a vacation in China. Five vacation days a year?! Good thing we are not Chinese or Thai. Meetings with Mr. Gennady
It is well known that the Chinese are very hardworking and enterprising - they are ready to work very intensively in order to get out of poverty, educate their children, and secure savings for their old age. This fundamental motivation provides China with serious economic growth in recent decades, which is estimated at a figure of 7-10% per year. True, over the past few years, annual GDP growth has fallen to a level of 6.7%. In Russia, many politicians, deputies and economists cite China as an example, believing that this is the economic ideal.
But we often overlook the other side of the accelerated growth of the Chinese economy. And she, this side, impresses with its effects. And it's not just about environmental degradation, smog over Chinese cities, a huge stream of waste. The depreciation of human capital, fatigue, mental illness, stress and nervous breakdowns, which are associated with long work and insufficient rest, should also be taken into account.
Recall that Chinese workers with less than 10 years of work experience are entitled to an annual paid vacation of 5 days. With an experience of 10 to 20 years - vacation is 10 days. To receive a 15-day paid vacation, the work experience must be over 20 years.
As for the duration of the working week, in China it is indicated by the symbol " 996 ", i.e work from 9 am to 9 pm 6 days a week .
A report released by the Academy of Social Sciences of the People's Republic of China provides the results of a study of the national labor market regarding vacations. The numbers are: 40.1% of the Chinese surveyed reported that they do not have paid annual leave, 4.1% are entitled to a vacation but cannot use it, another 18.8% also have a vacation, but their schedule is not flexible enough, so it is not possible to take a vacation it turns out that only 31.1% of respondents noted that they have paid leave and they use it at their own discretion .
In addition, in China, only civil servants have pensions. The rest need to save for old age on their own.
These are the realities of the Chinese labor market. It is unlikely that the citizens of Russia will be willing to pay such a price for significant economic growth.
In the labor laws of most countries of the world, the duration of compulsory annual leave is indicated not in calendar days (as is customary in Russia), but in working days. If we translate the mandatory Russian vacation (28 calendar days) into the same measurement system, then it will last 20 working days.
Another caveat - in many states, vacation is calculated on the basis of a six-day working week. Therefore, in order to correctly compare the duration of the annual rest in different countries, we brought everything to a common denominator: we proceed from the working five-day period, indicate the data in working days and take into account the minimum provided by local legislation.
1 UK. There are 8 public holidays in the country. If the employer pays them, the employee gets 20 days of vacation. If not, a vacation of 28 working days is laid down. So every Englishman rests for a total of 28 days.
2 Austria. After 25 years of service, an additional 5 working days are added to the employee's vacation, as a result, the vacation is 30 working days.
3 France. The country has only one holiday recognized as a day off - Labor Day (May 1). Rest on other public holidays as agreed with the employer.
4 Finland. All 13 holidays are tied to calendar dates. That is, those that fall on the weekend are not transferred to subsequent working days, as we have.
9 Russia. A vacation of 20 working days is the European average: the British, Italians, Belgians, and Germans have the same vacation time. But we have a little more holiday weekends.
17 Germany. Land holidays are associated with religion. The inhabitants of Bavaria, for example, celebrate the Day of St. Epiphany, the Body and Blood of Christ and the Day of the Reformation, while the inhabitants of Thuringia celebrate only the Day of the Reformation.
20 Puerto Rico. The country celebrates not only its own, but all US federal holidays.
21 Saudi Arabia. Leave at the beginning of the labor path is 10 working days, after 10 years of work with one employer - 15 working days.
22 Argentina. After 5 years of work in one place, vacation increases to 15 days; 10 years - 20 days; 20 years - 25 days.
23 Japan. Vacation pay increases with seniority. However, Japanese workaholics rarely take full advantage of their vacations, and one in six Japanese workers refuse to take vacations at all. Because of this, the government is preparing to legally oblige citizens to use at least 5 vacation days annually.
24 Israel. The day preceding some holidays is also considered a non-working day. A novice worker (experience from 1 year to 4 years) can count on 2 weeks of vacation. Then it increases every year by 1-2 working days. After 7 years of work reaches 15 working days. The maximum leave for employees with 14 years of experience or more is 20 working days.
25 USA. The duration of the leave is not defined by law. This is decided by the employer. Usually 10 business days. Including public holidays, on average, Americans take about 28 days off.
27 India. Republic Day, Independence Day and Mahatma Gandhi's Birthday have the status of public holidays. The rest are regional holidays. Their number depends on the state. Most of all celebrate in the state of Haryana.
28 Malaysia. A novice employee is entitled to leave of 8 days, after 2 years of experience - 12 days, after 5 years - 16.
30 China. During the first 10 years of work, vacation is 5 days, then 10, and after 20 years - 15. But even a third of the Chinese refuses even such a short vacation in order to earn extra money. They rest on holidays - many of them last several days.
Eannual vacation in Ukraine increases from 24 to 28 days.
If an employee has a voucher for sanatorium treatment, then he has the right to receive annual leave, even if he works at the enterprise for less than six months.
Extended leave is granted to timber industry workers (59 days), underground mining workers (69 days).
What about holidays in other countries?
You can count on such a vacation if you work five days a week. If you work six days, then the vacation will last for 30 days. And after 25 years of work in one place, it increases by another five.
The rhythm of life of the inhabitants of Greece is rather leisurely and calm. They are sometimes even accused of being lazy. It's not entirely deserved. Their vacation is less than in many other European countries: with a five-day working week - 20 working days, with a six-day working week - 24.
The length of leave for an ordinary worker in Finland depends on his length of service. If he works less than one year, for every month he earns two days of vacation. A year later, the rate increases to two and a half days.
You will not be able to receive monetary compensation instead of vacation. In Spain, this is prohibited by labor law. It also prohibits the transfer of vacation to the next year. Did not want to rest in due time - your problems. Days that haven't been spent are burning away.
United Kingdom
In the UK, residents know their worth. When applying for a job, they always ask not only about the salary, but also about the duration of the vacation in the company. The minimum paid vacation is 28 working days. There are also eight days of official holidays. But the employer has the right not to add holidays to the vacation, but to include them in it.
France
When calculating holidays in France, the number of hours an employee works per week is taken into account. Employees who choose a 39-hour workweek instead of the standard 35-hour workweek are entitled to two additional weeks of vacation.
On July 1, 2017, a new Labor Code came into force in the country. Now one part of the vacation must be at least ten working days. The remaining ten can be taken as you like - at least for one day. Moreover, 20 working days is the minimum duration of vacation for those who work five days a week. Those who work six days a week have more vacation - 24 working days.
For the people of Lithuania, who have a lot of experience behind them, the changes will only benefit. Now, after ten years of continuous service, an employee has an additional three working days instead of three calendar days for vacation. And for every five subsequent years - one more working day.
Denmark
For each month worked, an employee is entitled to 2.08 vacation days. In total, 25 working days accumulate in a year. Of these, five can be taken not entirely, but divided by one day. For example, not working on Mondays for five weeks in a row.
Despite the fact that the law establishes a minimum duration of vacation, the Japanese rarely adhere to it. Resting with them is considered bad manners. Most often, the Japanese vacation lasts five to six days. And the locals make up for the lack of sleep throughout the year. The only reason that can make the Japanese take a break is a national holiday.
In August, a complete calm sets in in the life of Italians. When the national holiday of Ferragosto is celebrated, the official holiday period begins. At this time, cities literally die out. even the factories don't work. On the doors of shops and restaurants you can often find a sign: "Closed for the holidays."
Duration of holiday in Australia is 28 days. Moreover, each state has its own holidays, even national ones are often celebrated on different days.
Argentina
In terms of the number of holidays, Argentina occupies a leading position. In this case, if the holiday falls on a weekend, it is transferred to the next working day. Perhaps, as a sign of compensation for the large number of holidays, the vacation in the country was decided to be short. However, ten working days it lasts only if the length of service in one place is less than five years. After this period, the leave increases to 15 days, after 10 years - up to 20 days, and after 20 - up to 25.
Germany
According to German law, every employee is entitled to a vacation of 20 working days for a five-day work week and 24 for a six-day work week. This is an iron minimum. But employers often add to this. On average, employees have 25-29 days a year to rest.
The number of holidays depends on the region. The legislation states that the announcement of days off is within the competence of the Länder. The exception is German Unity Day, which falls on 3 October. Eight more holidays are celebrated in all 16 lands. Further - where how. For example, the inhabitants of Bavaria celebrate the Day of St. Epiphany, the Body and Blood of Christ and the Day of the Reformation, while the inhabitants of Thuringia celebrate only the Day of the Reformation.
Netherlands
Residents of the Netherlands do not prepare in advance for the holidays, but for the funeral: every year in this country, one day off is set aside for the funeral of members of the royal family. If no one died, it is added to the vacation. By the way, King's Day is the only holiday that is postponed if it falls on a weekend.
South Korea
As in many other Asian countries, it is customary in South Korea to work hard. But rest is not accepted. A short vacation and that one is crushed. A vacation of 20 working days is an unthinkable luxury by Korean standards. Getting sick in South Korea is also not accepted. Due to illness, it is allowed to miss only one day a month, and even then due to vacation. Sick leave is paid only if the person was in the hospital.
From January 1, 2017, the minimum vacation period has increased from 10 to 12 days. This is the first increase since 1951. 12 days of vacation will now be received by employees who have worked for the company on a five-day work week for less than five years. With a six-day working week and less than five years of work experience, the duration of the vacation will be 16 days. After working for the company for five years, an employee can count on the fact that every year his vacation will increase by one or two days.
Singapore
In the first year of work here, it makes no sense to wait for a vacation lasting more than seven working days. Then every year the employee is added one day, until 14 are typed. Russians can only wonder how, with such a short vacation, the people of Singapore manage to take days off not all days. However, in the country of fines, indeed, a lot of things are impossible - officially and not very much.
Kitath
During the first ten years of work, vacation is five days, then ten, and after 20 years - 15. But even such a short vacation, many Chinese refuse to earn extra money. They rest, like the Japanese, on holidays, many of which last several days.
Republic Day, Independence Day and Mahatma Gandhi's Birthday have the status of public holidays. The rest are regional. Therefore, the total number of public holidays varies by state.
Mexico
Vacation time is highly dependent on seniority. Beginners are out of luck. They have only six days to rest. After four years of work at one enterprise, the duration of the vacation is increased by two weeks, after five years of service - two more days are added for every five subsequent years.
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 regulates the maximum number of hours worked per week, overtime work, the minimum wage, but does not mention a single word about paid holidays.
Therefore, Americans are not legally allowed to leave. The decision on its duration and payment is made by the employers themselves. But even for those Americans who have paid vacations in companies, it is not easy to take it. The principle of the work culture is such that people are afraid to take a break, as they can be labeled as quitters. Attempts to change the situation have not been made for the first year, but so far they have failed.
The norms and rules "On paid annual leave of workers and employees" were adopted on December 7, 2007 at the 198th meeting of the State Council of the PRC, published and entered into force on January 1, 2008
Article 1 These Rules and Regulations are developed on the basis of the Labor Law of the People's Republic of China and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Civil Servants in order to protect the right of workers and employees to rest and increase the activity of workers and employees.
Article 2 for one year in a row. The organization shall ensure that workers and employees are granted annual leave. The wages of workers and employees during the period of annual leave must correspond to the wages during the period of regular labor activity.
Article 3. With an accumulated work experience of 1 to 10 years, workers and employees have the right to an annual leave of 5 days; with an experience of 10 to 20 years, workers and employees are entitled to an annual leave of 10 days; with an experience of 20 years or more - the right to annual leave of 15 days. Established public holidays and days off are not included in the period of annual leave.
Article 4. Workers and employees shall not be granted annual leave in the following cases: (1) Provision of summer and winter holidays to workers and employees in accordance with the law for a period exceeding the duration of annual leave; (2) Exceeding 20 days of personal leave if the organization fails to withhold wages in accordance with applicable regulations; (3) Exceeding the duration of sick leave for a period of 2 months, if the accumulated length of service of the worker (employee) is from 1 to 10 years; (4) Exceeding the duration of sick leave for a period of 3 months, if the accumulated length of service of the worker (employee) is from 10 to 20 years; (5) Exceeding the duration of sick leave of 4 months, if the accumulated length of service of the worker (employee) is over 20 years.
Article 5. The time of annual leave is determined by the organization on the basis of the specific circumstances of work and production, taking into account the opinion of workers and employees. Annual leave may be granted in one period of the year or divided into parts. Generally, annual leave is not carried over to the next year. If the organization, due to the peculiarities of work and production, needs to transfer the annual leave of workers and employees to the next year, then the transfer of leave of one annual period to the next year is allowed. If the organization cannot, due to production needs, provide workers and employees with annual leave, then with the consent of the workers and employees, the organization may not provide annual leave. The Organization must pay to such workers and employees a bonus in the amount of 300% of the daily amount of wages for each unused day of annual leave.
Article 6 The labor and social security organs and the personnel departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, within the limits of their competence, supervise and verify the implementation of these Rules and Regulations by organizations. Trade union organizations, in accordance with the law, protect the right of workers and employees to annual leave
Article 7 If an organization fails to grant annual leave and also fails to issue the bonus specified in these Rules and Regulations, the labor and social security authorities or the personnel administration authorities of the local people's government at or above the county level shall issue an order to eliminate the violation, depending on the competence of these authorities. . If the violations were not eliminated within the prescribed period, the organization, in addition to the bonus, must also pay compensation in accordance with the amount of the bonus. In case of refusal to pay the bonus and compensation by an organization whose employees are civil servants or are subject to the Law of the People's Republic of China on Civil Servants, the main responsible persons of the organization and directly responsible persons shall be held liable; in case of refusal to pay the bonus and compensation by other organizations, in accordance with labor legislation and regulations, penalties are applied to these organizations.
Article 8 In the event of disputes between the organization and workers or employees regarding annual leave, such disputes shall be settled in accordance with the applicable state laws and administrative regulations.
Article 9 The Ministry of Labor and Social Security and the Ministry of Personnel of the State Council of the People's Republic of China shall develop separate rules for the application of these Rules and Regulations, depending on the competence of these departments. Article 10