Yalta nature reserve. Yalta mountain forest reserve in Crimea. Yalta mountain-forest nature reserve and its wildlife
The reserve in Yalta is the most interesting living museum of nature. On the territory of almost 15 thousand hectares, there was once a local forestry. However, the natural collection of Crimean flora and fauna here turned out to be so rich that in 1973 it was decided to stop any use of this place for economic purposes and give it the status of a protected area. Since then, the staff of the reserve has been actively working to preserve and increase natural wealth. The Yalta Reserve is protected by the state as a particularly significant object.
The mountain forest reserve is located between Gurzuf and Foros. On the one hand, its space is limited by the sea, on the other - by the Crimean peaks. The highest point of the reserve is Mount Roca, which is almost one and a half thousand meters above sea level.
The collection of flora preserved here is of the greatest value. In the reserve you can find most of the plants that are typical for the territory of the Crimean Mountains as a whole. A considerable proportion of these representatives of the plant world is on the verge of extinction and is listed in the Red Book.
The forest component of the reserve occupies two thirds of the entire space, and is divided into several main belts. The lower level, closer to the coast, is oak with individual inclusions of juniper and pistachio trees. Above it are pines, hornbeams and ash. The upper "floor", at an altitude of 900 meters above sea level, was occupied by pine and beech trees.
On yayla (flat treeless spaces, which are traditionally used by mountain dwellers as summer pastures), lush forbs grow here - carnation, bindweed, stumbling, rank, peony and many other steppe and meadow grasses.
The most numerous inhabitants of the reserve after plants can safely be called birds. Thrushes, goldfinches, buntings, peregrine falcons, siskins, blue tit, jays - more than 150 species in total.
Compared to the variety of plants and birds, the fauna collection here is almost modest - only 37 species. Mammals, for example, are represented by roe deer, moufflons, red deer, foxes, badgers, weasels. However, most of them belong to the so-called "Crimean subspecies" and have their own characteristics, characteristic only for representatives of this region.
Occasionally there are reptiles and amphibians: geckos, lizards, newts, tree frogs and toads.
In addition to scientific research and nature conservation activities, the reserve is engaged in active educational work. To do this, a museum has been created on the territory of the reserve, as well as special routes have been developed that help visitors to the reserve get to know the nature of Crimea more closely and imbue the idea of an attentive, eco-friendly lifestyle.
What to watch
Most of the Yalta Reserve is available for visiting. However, movement within it is limited - you can only move along specially permitted routes.
Located in the main administration building Museum of Nature reserve. Long-term results of scientific and practical work of the entire team working here flock here. Scientific materials, herbariums, zoological information and collections revealing the peculiarities of the flora and fauna of the Crimean peninsula.
The exact address of the museum: Sovetskoye village, Dolosskoe highway, house 2.
Be sure to ride cableway "Miskhor-Ai-Petri". This is one of the most popular walks among both locals and tourists who came to Crimea. The road has three stations: the lower one is Miskhor, the middle one is Sosnovy Bor and the upper one is Ai-Petri (1152 meters above sea level). It is breathtakingly beautiful on the road and incredibly interesting on the observation decks.
You can climb the top of Ai-Petri and in other ways. You can get there on foot or go on horseback, ordering a horse ride with a guide. A stunning panorama of the Crimea opens from here.
The easiest, shortest and safest way to the top is Miskhor (Koreiz) trail.
In the summer heat, it will be a separate pleasure to go down to Three-Eyed Cave. The entrance there consists of three failures or "eyes", from where the cave got its name. 22 meters down the stairs and you find yourself in the epicenter of coolness. It is never warmer than +1 degrees here, so be sure to bring warm clothes with you. The middle of the cave is always occupied by a huge block of ice and frozen ice splashes, illuminated from above by rays from the failure.
The cave can be accessed by a path that starts near the top station of the cable car. Follow the signs.
On Ai-Petri you can see the highest waterfall Crimea - Wuchang-su. Powerful streams of water rush down from almost a hundred meters high. It looks especially impressive in spring, after the mountain snows melt. In summer, the waterfall almost dries up.
There are dozens of interesting routes and objects in the reserve, of which one can single out Gorge Uch-Kosh, Damn stairs , "Ecological ring" and many others.
Visiting some objects is possible only with special permission or with an excursion group.
Shtangeevskaya trail of the Yalta Reserve - Google Maps panorama
Prices in the Yalta Reserve 2020
Residents of Yalta have the right to preferential visits to the reserve. To do this, you need to get an annual pass. It will cost 200 rubles.
All other visitors are charged for individual visits. For example, climbing to the top of Ai-Petri - 100 rubles, visiting the Uchan-Su waterfall - 50 rubles. It is paid to visit the caves of Yalta, Geodetic, Trekhglazka and some hiking trails - Botkinskaya, Shtangeevskaya and others.
How to get to the Yalta mountain forest reserve
The territory of the reserve extends for 53 kilometers from Foros to Nikitskaya Yayla. The nearest settlements are: Alupka, Yalta, Gurzuf.
You can get to the Yalta Mountain and Forest Nature Reserve both by car and by public transport. When traveling by car in winter, all-wheel drive vehicles are needed, because the roads of the reserve abound with serpentines. In the snow you will need chains on the wheels.
Bus flights No. and are carried out from the Yalta bus station in the direction of Mount Ai-Petri. You need to get off at the stop "Lower Station of the Cable Car". The easiest way for tourists to be on the hiking trails of the reserve is by climbing the cable car from Miskhor.
Yalta Reserve in June (video)
In January of this year, many of you supported the appeal "Stop the destruction of the Yalta mountain and forest nature reserve!" - against the legalization of the illegal seizure of almost 1000 hectares of its land, which is being prepared in accordance with the "Project for changing the boundaries and expanding the Yalta mountain-forest nature reserve." Over the past time, we have received answers to it, with colleagues from other organizations sent requests that more accurately clarified the situation.
Now, based on the results of our correspondence, it can be argued that the situation around the Yalta Reserve casts doubt on the future of the entire natural reserve fund of Ukraine. After all, despite the protests and demands of the public, the project, according to which part of the lands of the reserve will go under private estates, is moving through the authorities and receiving all the necessary approvals. Now we can safely say that the deriban of protected lands was planned at the highest level!
A cloud hung over Yalta back in 2011, when the President of Ukraine announced the need to structure and "expand" the lands of the reserve. This idea was picked up, and already at the end of the year, with money from the budget of Ukraine, the Crimean Academy of Sciences developed a project to "expand" the territory of the reserve. And the mechanism turned...
Now the "expansion project" has received the name "the project of changing the boundaries of the Yalta mountain-forest nature reserve", and it solves all the problems of the deribans. Here you have the pipeline (the decision on which was blocked by the public back in 2010), and all the illegal allocation of land in the reserve (precisely illegal - after all, since Soviet times, not a single piece of land has been officially transferred to anyone, and about 1000 hectares of protected lands - which will quickly find owners.
The most interesting thing in this situation is that our rulers do not show any documents to the people - neither the report of the CAS, nor the project itself for changing the borders of the territory. Documentation, which should be put up for public discussion, is classified for a reason. After all, it is practically impossible to justify the need to carry out any work at the expense of the lands of the reserve.
But back to our appeal. According to the response of the Ministry of Energy and Resources, the draft "change of borders" was agreed upon and sent for consideration by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Presidential Administration and the Cabinet of Ministers simply ignored the appeal, and the Crimean Prosecutor's Office cannot deal with illegal land allocations.
In the hope of rectifying the situation, and taking into account the answers received, we turned to the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Environmental Policy Irina Sekh - since the project documentation is not provided for public access, and the issues of existing illegal seizures of the reserve's lands have not been resolved, at the moment we consider it necessary to any withdrawal of land from the Yalta Reserve to introduce a moratorium.
In general, if the Yalta Reserve still has a chance, then only in the case of a mass public campaign in its defense.
For her, we hope, the information received by us and the Lviv "EcoPravom" ("Ecology. Law. Man") will be useful.
1. Answer of the Republican Committee for Land Resources of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
2. Answer of the Ministry of Ecology and Resources.
3. Answer of the Republican Committee of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for Environmental Protection.
4. Answer of the Republican Committee of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea on issues of forestry and hunting.
5. Answer of the Prosecutor's Office of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
6. A very informative response received by colleagues from the IBO "Ecology. Law. Man".
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CONTACT:
Oleg Vyatkin, ECG "Pechenegs": tel. 0951396278, trolll_ecoukr.net
Prepared by the Pechenegs ECG, a member of the International Socio-Ecological Union.
Our news
The Supreme Court, as part of a collegium of the Cassation Criminal Court, in its decision dated March 5, 2020 in case No. there is an interrogation of a person, not an interference in private life.
Yalta mountain-forest nature reserve (Yalta, Russia) - exact location, interesting places, inhabitants, routes.
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On the territory of 145 sq. km, on the southern slope of the main ridge of the Crimean Mountains is the Yalta mountain-forest nature reserve - a whole complex of sights and treasures protected by the state. Most of its land is located above 350 m above sea level. Several ecological trails and routes are equipped for tourist walks. It is in the composition of this reserve that one of the most famous highlights of the Crimea is Mount Ai-Petri (to be more precise, its teeth), as well as mysterious caves, beautiful waterfalls, springs, lakes and much more.
A bit of history
With the active development of tourism, growing sanatoriums and rest houses, measures were required to protect the local nature - mountain forests. Therefore, in 1939, the Crimean resort park appeared, on the basis of which later, in 1973, the Yalta State Reserve was founded.
What to watch
The Museum of Nature operates in the management building of the reserve, its exhibits are entirely devoted to the flora and fauna of the Crimean mountains.
There are several waterfalls on the territory of this natural attraction: the largest of them, Uchan-Su (98.5 m), practically dries up in summer, another one - Uch-Kosh - is located in a deep gorge of the same name. In the source "Mikhailovsky", discovered in the middle of the 19th century by soldiers, you can draw water.
Not far from the Yalta-Simferopol highway is the "Nikitskaya cleft" - picturesque rocks that have long been popular with climbers.
Just a few years ago, Geographical Cave, formed thousands of years ago and impressive with huge stone "icicles" - stalactites and stalagmites, became available for visiting; the Yalta cave is similar to it. But in the Three-Eyed Cave, tourists can see a non-melting mountain of ice, which is illuminated by natural light from the failure, even in summer the temperature in it does not exceed +1 ° C.
On Mount Pendikul, at an altitude of 900 m above sea level, rises the "Silver Gazebo": a well-maintained observation deck overlooking Yalta, Mount Ayudag, forests and the coast.
In addition, in the reserve you can see quite unusual rocks. One of them is the impregnable Khachla-Kayasy, its steepness reaches 80 °; several centuries ago, steps and observation platforms were cut down in it, the uppermost of which is now covered with centuries-old junipers. Another rock - Shishko - is equipped with a viewing platform and is located at an altitude of about 1200 m above sea level.
Practical information
Address: Yalta, Sovetskoye, Dolosskoe shosse, 2. Website
Some routes are only accessible to organized groups.
Opening hours of the administration of the reserve: from 8:00 to 17:00 from Monday to Friday.
Crimea is rich in wonders of nature, but in the conditions of a constant powerful tourist flow and economic activity, they need to be protected. Consequently, a large part of the territory of the peninsula has been declared a protected area. The Yalta mountain-forest nature reserve appeared in 1973 and is impressive both in terms of species and size.
Where is the Yalta mountain forest reserve located on the map?
Less known, but very interesting (especially in spring) is the place known as the Cherry Orchard. Usually tour leaders use it as a rest area on the route. This is not a real garden, but a chair, that is, natural thickets of fruit trees. Chairs are an integral and original part of the Crimean nature.
The reserve also has a museum where you can not only see the exposition telling about the flora and fauna of the Crimea and the history of their protection, but also listen to a popular science lecture. It also hosts classes for schoolchildren and various competitions for them. Periodically, the reserve announces "open days" in order to better familiarize everyone with their work.
How to get (get there)?
The headquarters of the reserve is located in the village of Sovetskoye. It is most convenient to get here by taxi or by car. Here is how the route of the car from the center of Yalta looks like on the map:
Contacts and prices
- Address: Dolosskoe shosse, 2, Sovetskoe village, Yalta, Crimea, Russia.
- GPS coordinates: 44.531342, 34.189075.
- Official website: http://yglpz.umi.ru/
- Phone: +7-3654-23-30-50.
- Working hours: from 8:00 to 17:00, Saturday and Sunday - days off.
- Entrance fee: 100 rubles per person.
The Yalta Mountain and Forest Nature Reserve is an important scientific and recreational center of the Crimea. Tourists visiting it should try to understand the purpose of the object. Then they will perceive the beauty around them differently and will never turn into a danger to the environment! In conclusion, watch a video about him, enjoy!
The GBU YAGLPZ includes 4 research environmental departments: Gurzufskoye, Livadiyskoye, Alupkinskoye and Opolznevskoye.
YAGLPZ is a nature conservation, research institution whose main tasks are to preserve the unique mountain-forest natural complex of the southern mountainous Crimea in its primary state, study natural processes and phenomena in it, efficient use of natural resources, strengthen the protection of mountain forests, develop scientific foundations for environmental protection the natural environment, as well as conducting environmental education activities, including at environmental education facilities and trails.
The uniqueness of the natural conditions that have developed on the territory of the reserve is associated with its position in the system of geobotanical zoning. Thus, the territory of the Yalta GLPZ belongs to the Mediterranean region of sclerophyllous forests, maquis, shilyaks, freegans and tomillyars, the Crimean-Novorossiysk subprovince, the Mountainous Crimean district of coniferous and broad-leaved nemoral and hemixerophilous forests, steppes and tomillyars.
The territory of the reserve is located on the southern macroslope of the Main Range of the Crimean Mountains and extends along the Black Sea from west to east from Foros to Gurzuf for 40 km. The reserve is located within the heights of 380-1200 m above sea level, in some places descending to the sea. Its upper boundary runs along the Ai-Petrinsky, Yalta and Nikitsky yaylas (plateau).
The vegetation cover of the reserve most fully reflects the diversity and richness of the flora and vegetation of the Crimean Mountains. The species composition of the Yalta Reserve is represented by 1351 species, which is 49% of the entire flora of the Crimea and 66% of the plant species of the mountainous Crimea.
About 75% of the area of the nature reserve is occupied by coniferous and broad-leaved forests of the sub-Mediterranean and Central European type. The main forest-forming species is Pinus pallasiana (58%), listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, which is widely known for its medicinal properties and creates special, unique landscapes. On the plateau-like top of the main ridge, forests are replaced by mountain-steppe, meadow vegetation.
Thus, in a relatively small area, enormous wealth is concentrated, characterized by a heterogeneous floristic and coenotic composition, among which there are many endemic and relict plant species and communities. So, on the territory of the reserve there are 141 species of plants listed in the European Red List and 41 species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, including high juniper, pistachio pistachio, folded snowdrop, Crimean saffron, thin-leaved peony and many species from the orchid family (orchids) . There are also many plants belonging to the category of endemic species, that is, growing only on the territory of the Crimea: rumia critmoleaf, hogweed ligustifolia, knapweed brown-edged, hawkweed chansunskaya, etc.
The fauna of the reserve is also diverse. 36 species of mammals, 11 reptiles, 4 species of amphibians and 19 species of mollusks live in the YAGLPZ. Of the mammals in the forests of the reserve, you can see the European roe deer, wild boar, the Crimean subspecies of the fox and weasel, the hare and others. The world of birds is also quite rich, represented by 96 species, of which 40 species nest here. The spineless fauna is also diverse and is represented by many species of spiders, cicadas, butterflies, barbels, among which there are many endemics.
You can learn a lot of interesting things about the unique southern coastal nature and the Yalta Reserve during educational walks through the unique mountain landscapes of the nature reserve at specially organized sites and routes, both historically established and newly discovered.