The surrounding world is invisible threads in the forest. Summary of the lesson on the topic "invisible threads in the winter forest." Invisible threads in the winter forest

Recently I managed to hear, and after that, analyze an example on this topic.

To begin with, it should be said that the essence of invisible threads is that everything in nature is interconnected, since everything living, as a result, participates in the ecosystem.

An example lies in the fact that in the United States, in a forest located in Ohio County, wolves were removed. From this, over time, they became too strong, moose breeds.

Moose are herbivorous animals, so they totally began to eat all the trees.

From this, even the bears had problems, as the rivers began to dry faster, from the fact that the trees did not block the scorching rays of the sun.

In general, the entire ecosystem was in imbalance and on the verge of self-destruction, until a couple of packs of wolves were launched into that forest again, which eventually normalized everything.

As you know, everything in nature is interconnected. Threads can be found everywhere at any time of the year.

Let's look at these connections using the example of a winter forest.

Winter comes, it becomes cold, severe frosts can even hit, but the animals are saved by their warm fur.

Also, in winter, there is less food for animals, but some animals are saved by hibernating and feeding on their reserves, some move closer to human habitation to profit there.

Another example: snow falls in winter, everything becomes white. Some animals, such as hares, change their color to make them less visible.

Here is how it can be shown clearly:



There are a lot of food connections between animals in the winter forest and you just need to learn how to see them.



One of the clearest examples can be given with pine trees. Cones grow on them, and they ripen and fall. In the spring, young sprouts of trees will sprout from them. But also these cones serve as food for birds and animals. And some small animals serve as food for predators. For example, a mouse will eat grains from a cone, and a fox will eat the mouse itself. The tree itself, which serves as food for many, cannot grow without moisture (snow) and sun.

Invisible are the threads or connections that exist in nature between all its components, both subjects of living nature and objects of dead nature. It is clear that the largest number of such connections can be found in the summer or spring forest, but in winter there are plenty of such invisible threads.

First of all, let's remember about the snow, which covers the ground with a deep layer all winter months. Snow serves as a kind of blanket that protects the earth, the roots of plants and hibernating insects from freezing - that's one invisible thread. Further, the snow serves as a refuge for mice, other rodents and some birds, under which it is very difficult for predators to find them.

In winter, the usual food chains between consumers of different orders and producers are also preserved. hares gnaw bark, deer and elk rake snow in search of grass, birds eat nuts and frozen berries, a fox hunts mice, and a wolf hunts a hare - that's how many invisible threads appeared at once.

A clear winter sky threatens with severe frosts, because at the same time the last heat from the surface freely escapes into the atmosphere, and an overcast, cloudy sky promises not only snowfalls, but also a thaw.

Let's remember

1. What do we call invisible threads? What groups do we divide them into?
2. What invisible threads have we found in the autumn forest?

Who is spruce friends with?

Let's go in search of invisible threads in the winter forest.

Here we have a beautiful spruce. It is a straight, slender tree. It can be very high. And lives up to 500 years! Branches with green needles densely cover the trunk. On many of them we will see cones, and in them we will find seeds.

For forest animals, spruce is a nurse and protector.

Squirrels, woodpeckers, crossbills are able to deftly get seeds from its cones. This is their main food in the winter. And what they do not eat, they will drop, forest mice will pick up in the snow.

Squirrels and birds hide from enemies in dense spruce branches. And the crossbills here also make nests in winter, they hatch chicks! The cold is not terrible for them if there is enough food.

Many spruce branches reach almost to the ground. Behind this green curtain, even a hare can hide from the wind and a predatory beast.

• Follow the diagram of the connection between spruce and forest animals.
• Using your knowledge of the winter life of birds and animals, give other examples of invisible threads in the winter forest (8).

How animals help each other

Let's see how our old friend, the jay, is doing. She has hidden a lot of acorns in her pantries and now she is looking for them and eating them. But here's the problem: the jay does not know how to get acorns out of deep snow. What should she do?

A squirrel comes to the rescue. For her, pantry jays are a wonderful find. Deftly digging deep snow, the squirrel eats part of the acorns. After her, the hostess of the pantry flies to the dug-up place and finishes what is left.

But this is not all forest tricks.

The squirrel is helped to feed ... crossbills. It turns out that the crossbill eats out only a small part of the seeds from the cone. Then he throws a bump, and it goes to the squirrel.

But crossbills involuntarily help not only squirrels! The cones thrown by them are often picked up by a woodpecker. And even more often they are found and eaten up by voles and wood mice.

That's how closely related different animals are in the winter forest!

Let's play!

Come up with and play with the guys scenes from the life of the winter forest, playing the roles of various animals. You can use costumes and masks for the game.

Let's think!

1. How would the life of the forest be disturbed if all the oaks suddenly disappeared? all pines and spruces? all proteins? all crosses? all jays?
2. What connections did we study in the lesson? Choose the correct answers: a) connections between inanimate and living nature; b) connections between plants and animals; c) connections between different animals; d) the relationship between nature and man.

Let's check ourselves

1. Why did we call spruce a nurse and protector?
2. What animal lives on spruce?
3. How are jays and squirrels related in the winter forest?
4. How does the crossbill help feed other animals in the forest?

Sections: elementary School

Lesson Objectives:

1. Continue expanding knowledge of seasonal phenomena in nature based on the characteristics of invisible threads in the winter forest.
2. Recall the relationship between the components of inanimate nature and its living inhabitants.
3. Convince that the violation of natural bonds leads to the destruction of nature.
4. Develop a caring attitude towards nature.

Means of education:

Tables, paintings, photographs depicting winter landscapes: a winter forest, spruce and all animals that receive food and shelter from it; a set of cards depicting animals and birds, which are connected by invisible threads with spruce for a game - modeling invisible threads in a winter forest.

During the classes

1. Organizing moment. Message about the topic and purpose of the lesson.

January in the yard the new year begins.
We are going to the forest animals again.
Stories new dense forests
We are waiting, the best will not wait.

2. Checking homework.

The game "Russell the animals into houses."

House 1 - animals that make supplies for the winter.

House 2 - animals that hibernate.

House 3 - animals that look for food in nature in winter.

Animals: squirrel, bear, elk, fox, wolf, wild boar, hare, hedgehog, badger, beaver, hamster.

Group work. Summarizing.

- Indicate the traces of forest animals. (cm. Appendix 1)

3. Learning new material. Conversation.

Are plants and animals related? How?

Today we will look at this connection using the example of a spruce tree and animals. Spruce is one of the most interesting and beautiful trees in our forest.

- How is the life of animals connected with spruce?

Teacher's story: animals feed on spruce seeds, hide among its branches, under them; the crossbill builds a nest on spruce in winter and feeds its chicks with spruce seeds; a hare can also hide under the branches of a spruce, as they are usually located low, sometimes almost near the ground.

There is also a connection between animals - "friends" of spruce. Klest, tearing off a cone of spruce, he eats out of it only part of the seeds, and then throws it on the ground. Cones thrown by crossbills raise squirrels and woodpeckers in the snow, and this makes it easier for them to find food. But even more important are the cones dropped by the crossbill for wood mice and voles, which themselves cannot pick the cones from the trees. These facts show the connections between animals.

The invisible threads of spruce are the benefits that animals and birds receive from it in wintering forests:

- spruce seeds serve as food for birds: woodpeckers, crossbills, kinglets;

- hares fir protection from toothy predators;

- spruce gives food to squirrels.

The invisible threads of nature must be studied and carefully guarded.

Before the New Year holiday, people cut down thousands of Christmas trees. Man seeks only for a few days to decorate his house.

– What does this entail? (Animals are deprived of food, habitat, nesting sites.)

- What is the way out? (It is better to leave the spruce in the forest, and decorate the house with an artificial spruce.)

4. Physical Minute.

The sun warms the earth weakly, (hands up and down)
Frost crackles at night (hands on the belt, tilts to the sides)
In the snowman's yard (hands on the belt, turn around)
whitened carrot nose (squat)
Suddenly there was water in the river
Motionless and firm (jumping in place)
The blizzard is angry, the snow is spinning (hands up and down, circled)
Sweeps everything around with snow-white silver. ( hand movements)

5. Fixing the material.

The game “Who will say thank you to the winter Christmas tree?” Work in pairs. (See Appendix 2)

- What animals and birds does spruce give shelter and food?

- What will happen in the winter forest if for some reason the spruces die?

How do her friends help her?

Scene “Bureau of Forest Services”.

Cold February has come to the forest. He covered the bushes with snowdrifts, covered the trees with frost.

And the sun, although it shines, does not warm.

Magpie: - Again, every man for himself? Alone again? No, let us unite against a common misfortune! And so everyone says about us that we only peck and squabble in the forest. It's even embarrassing...

Hare: - Correctly the magpie chirps. There is safety in numbers. I propose to create a Bureau of Forest Services. I can help partridges. I break the snow on the field every day to the ground, let them peck seeds and greens after me - I don’t feel sorry.

Klesty: - We peel the cones on the Christmas trees, drop half the cones whole down, so we help mice and voles, squirrels, woodpeckers and spruce to settle all over the earth.

Magpie: - A hare is a digger, crossbills are throwers!

Beavers: - We piled so many aspens in the fall - there will be enough for everyone. Come to us moose, roe deer, hares juicy aspen bark and branches to gnaw!

Woodpeckers: - We offer our hollows for the night!

Wolf: - I want to serve as a watchman in the forest! Hares, moose and roe deer near aspens, partridges on greenery, beavers in huts. I am an experienced caretaker.

Magpie: - You are a robber from a forest road, and not a watchman! We know you. I will guard everyone in the forest from you: as soon as I see it, I will raise a cry!

This is how the animals in the forest help each other out.

Teacher: Guys, why didn't the animals want the wolf to be a watchman?

- Tell us who helps whom in the forest?

Scene "Apple tree and sparrow".

Apple tree: - Listen, Sparrow, have you heard that they say about a hare - a hare: is he a predatory beast or not?

Sparrow: - Oh, Apple tree, made me laugh, oh, I killed! What kind of hare is a predator? With his rat teeth, only the bark is fit to gnaw.

Apple tree: - Bark?! Oh, my heart sensed: he would bite me from all sides, a ferocious predator! Kill it, villain!

Teacher: Is the apple tree right that the hare is a predator?

Scene “Squirrel and Beaver” - Which animal says such words?

- What a bad place is here: neither you fir trees, nor you pines with sweet cones - only bitter aspen around!

- What a nice little place here: neither you tar pines, nor you thorny fir trees! Some sweet donkeys.

Scene "The Hare and the Vole".

- Frost and blizzard, snow and cold. If you want to smell the green grass, nibble the juicy leaves - endure until spring.

- No need to wait for spring, the grass is under your feet! Dig the snow to the ground - there is a green lingonberry and a cuff, and a dandelion. And sniff and eat.

6. The result of the lesson.

- Who is friends with whom in the winter forest?

- What can not be destroyed in the forest?

- What did you like most about the lesson?

7. Homework (optional).

1. Read the text “Jay, squirrel and others” p.140–141, complete tasks for the text.
2. Write an essay on the topic “Who does not sleep in the forest in winter”.

Lesson topic: Invisible threads in the winter forest.

Lesson objectives: to introduce students to natural connections in the winter forest.

Tasks:
Educational: to systematize and expand students' understanding of animals, plants, their way of life, and ecological connections.

Developing: to develop the ability to analyze, compare, reason, establish logical relationships.

Educational: to cultivate a respectful, caring attitude towards nature, a desire to work together, to participate in the search for a new one.

Lesson type: combined lesson.

Lesson equipment: computer, multimedia projector, screen, presentation of the lesson on the topic: "Invisible threads in the winter forest"

Lesson Plan

1. Organizational moment - 5 minutes

2. Main part - 35 minutes

1) Checking homework - 15 minutes
2) Physical education - 3 minutes
3) Introduction to new material - 10 minutes
4) Consolidation of the material covered - 7 minutes

3. Final part - 5 minutes

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.
- Good afternoon! Let's start our lesson!
I invite you to visit a very beautiful time of the year, and
what time of year it is, you will learn from the riddle:

Snow on the fields
Ice on the rivers
The blizzard is walking.
When does it happen? slide 2

All around white and blue
All in a thin lace of shadows.
And the forest is covered with fluffy frost, slide 4
I fell asleep until the first spring days.

When do you think winter comes?

How do we recognize the arrival of winter?
cold, air temperature below zero slide 5
the rivers were covered with ice, and the earth with snow,
it's snowing often,
the day is short
birds are not heard
frosts

Everything is correct! According to the calendar, winter is December 1st. Scientists consider
ut the beginning of winter on December 22. The sun rises on this day
low-low in the sky, the shadows are long, and the day is the shortest
in a year.

II. Checking homework.

And now we'll see how winter affected life
plants and animals. How do trees winter?
- Deciduous trees have shed their leaves, and conifers are worth slide 6
green.
- How do shrubs and grasses winter?
- Shrubs shed their leaves, grasses turn yellow, but not all.
- What grasses go green under the snow?
- Strawberries, wild hoof, and also
winter wheat, rye.
Why don't they freeze?
- Snow protects from frost. The more snow, the easier
plants to endure winter frosts.

Here we see the connection between animate and inanimate nature.

How do animals winter?

The hare is a nocturnal resident. Spends the day in secluded places: under
fallen trees, in the bushes, ate under the paws. Into the strong
frosts digs holes in the snow up to one and a half meters deep.
It feeds on thin twigs of aspen, willow, birch. From the branches
thicker, gnaws only the bark, eats dry grass. slide 7

The fox catches hares, but its main food is rodents, before
only gray voles, which are slower than bank voles
and mice. Fox hunting for rodents is called mouse hunting.
The fox usually rests right on the snow, in open lairs -
somewhere in the middle of a field on a hill. The fox is safer here.
You can clearly see everything that is happening around.

The wolf is a strong, intelligent predator. His prey is not
only hares, but also large animals - wild boar, elk. Usually wolves
hunt in small packs. They can long, stubbornly pursue
give up your prey. True, in deep, loose snow they
it is difficult to run, and often the wolves remain hungry.

Elk is a forest giant. All of it reaches up to 400 kg. Such
The animal needs a lot of food. An elk slowly wanders among the bushes and
young trees, eating their branches. If you meet a fallen-
aspen, gnaws at the bark. All this food is low-nutrient-
ny. Scientists have calculated: an elk can eat more per day
1700 branches!
From time to time, the elk rests, burrowing into the loose snow.
And then back to food.

The most noticeable animal in the forest is the squirrel. In the forest, where there are many dups
leafy trees, the squirrel lives in a hollow. If they don't exist, build
nest. The main food for squirrels is the seeds of coniferous trees. Calculate
tano: in order to get enough, the animal must devastate in a day
twenty-eight spruce cones or 380 pine cones. Squirrel more
searches under the snow for the winter warehouse of the jay, then unearths
a cone, dropped by a crossbill in autumn. In the hungry years of protein
eats tree buds, especially spruce buds. Eats winter stocks:
ludi, hazelnuts, mushrooms.

How do birds winter?
- Birds that eat insects flew away to warm
the edges. Magpies, tits, sparrows, nuthatch remain to winter,
woodpecker, cross. They continue to lead an active lifestyle. slide 8
sparrows, magpies, crows feed near human dwellings
ka. Woodpecker and pika feed on insect larvae, extracting
them from under the bark of trees. Jays, goldfinches, tits are collected
the remaining fruits and seeds of plants.

What birds come to us to winter from the north?
- Bullfinches came to us for wintering from the northern regions
and whistlers. Rowan berries are the best medicine for them.
Winter is a difficult time in the life of animals, so man
feeds them.

Guys, how can you help the birds get through a difficult time?
-You can make a feeder, hang it on a tree, bring slide 9 there
food, hang a piece of fat at the window - for tits.
(Summarizing the answers of the children, the teacher opens the diagram on the board)
III. Physical education minute
The sun warms the earth weakly,
(Hands up and down)
Frost crackles at night
(Hands on the belt, tilts to the sides)
In the yard of the snow woman
(Hands on the belt, turn around) slide 11
Whitened carrot nose.
(Children show their nose)
Suddenly there was water in the river
Motionless and firm
(Jumping in place)
The blizzard is angry
The snow is spinning
(Children are spinning)
Sweeps everything around
Snow white silver.
(Imitate hand movement)

IV. Guess the riddles

In the middle of the forest
Blacksmiths forge.
(Woodpeckers)

Gray coat for summer
For winter a different color.
(Hare)
Without wings
A faster bird slide 12
It flies from tree to tree.
(Squirrel)
Apples on the branches in winter.
Collect them quickly;
And suddenly the apples fluttered -
After all, this is ... (Bullfinches)
What kind of girl?
Not a seamstress, not a craftswoman.
Doesn't sew anything
And in needles all year round.
(Spruce)

Guys, what do you think these animals have in common?
- All of them are on the spruce or hiding under the paws of the spruce.
- Animals hide among the branches of spruce, find food.

V. Work on the topic of the lesson.

"Invisible threads in the winter forest"
- What do we call invisible threads?
- Invisible threads we called the connections that exist in nature
de everywhere.
Inanimate and living nature, plants and
animals, various animals.

Today we will look at this connection.
Spruce is one of the most interesting and beautiful trees of our
forests.

Consider the drawing.
How is the life of animals connected with spruce?
- Animals feed on spruce seeds. slide 13
- Hiding among the branches of spruce, under them.
- Crossbills build nests on spruce in winter and feed them with spruce
the seeds of their chicks.

But there is also a connection between animals - "friends"
ate. So, in the nutrition of the crossbill there is a peculiarity: tearing off a cone of spruce,
he eats only part of the seeds out of it, and then throws it away. Cones thrown by crossbills pick up squirrels and woodpeckers in the snow, and this makes it easier for them to find food. But even more important, thrown by the crossbill
cones for wood mice and voles, which themselves cannot pluck them from trees.
This is how interesting the life of the winter forest is, how complex, although invisible at first glance, the connections in the winter forest.

On the example of only one Christmas tree, we made sure that it
serves as a shelter for animals, and provides them with food.

Who is friends with spruce?
Squirrel. Crossbills.
Hare. Weasel.
Capercaillie. Mice.

Why are they friends with spruce?
- Spruce gives animals food, shelters them from bad weather.

Guys, what do you think, is there a connection between these animals.
- In the nutrition of the crossbill there is the following feature: tearing off the bump
ate, he eats out only part of the seeds from it, and then throws a cone.

Do you think one of the forest dwellers will pick up the cones thrown by the crossbill?
- Squirrel - this will make it easier for her to find food.
Mice, voles - they can't pick them themselves.

Think about why you can call them spruce friends?
- They are connected by a food chain, they carry seeds.

Do you think that if spruce did not have such friends, they could
seeds get into the ground?
It turns out that the spruce cones open themselves as soon as February
The sun or March sun begins to warm them, and light winged seeds fall out of them, which the wind picks up and spreads in different directions.

So, using the example of only one Christmas tree, we made sure that it
connected by invisible threads with animals, tk. she serves as their shelter, provides them with food.

What holiday is this page dedicated to?
Why do you think the Christmas tree does not like this holiday?
- According to custom, people go to the forest and cut down hundreds, thousands of Christmas trees to celebrate the New Year. Man trying to decorate slide 14
your house for just a few days, destroying a whole tree, many trees.
-What does this entail?

What will we conclude?
- We need to think about whether it is worth buying a real
Christmas tree, isn't it better to leave it in the forest, and decorate the house with an artificial one? (F / m song “The little Christmas tree is not cold in winter.”)
- Take care of the spruce!
By cutting down spruces, we deprive animals of their homes, shelter, and food.

VI. Revisiting food chains.
Completing tasks in workbooks p. 54
Write in the boxes the names of the animals that slide 15
squirming with spruce seeds

V. Summary.
-What we call invisible threads, slide 16
-Do they exist in the winter forest?

VII. Homework.
1. Make a food chain, starting with spruce seeds.
2. Make a poster to protect the Christmas tree from being cut down.
3. Make a Christmas tree layout from improvised materials.

Used Books:
Pleshakov A.A., Textbook "The World Around Us", Part I - Moscow:
"Enlightenment", 2009
Kazakova O.V., N.A. Sboeva. Lesson developments for the course
"The world. Grade 2 "- M. "Enlightenment", 2006
Pleshakov A. A. Green Pages: a book for students
Primary classes - M .: "Enlightenment", 2007
Pleshakov. A. A. Workbook for a textbook for grade 2. 1 hour
"The world around us" M.: "Enlightenment", 2009