Potato-egg diet in chronic renal failure. Kidney failure is controlled by diet. The basics of proper nutrition

Diet for chronic renal failure (CRF) at the pre-dialysis stage

Nutrition in chronic renal failure in conditions of reduced kidney function is of particular importance, regular monitoring of nutritional status, keeping food diaries, and consulting a nutritionist are important.

Patients with chronic renal failure need a balanced diet, the slightest excess in nutrition leads to aggravation of metabolic disorders caused by nephropathy, while at the same time, a deficiency of essential amino acids, insufficient calorie intake lead to protein-energy deficiency syndrome.

Diet for patients with chronic renal failure

The diet of patients with chronic renal failure should be complete and contain a large amount of vegetables and fruits. By-products, canned food, food concentrates, fast food and semi-finished products should be excluded.

Sick with overweight , obesity, hyperlipidemia, decreased carbohydrate tolerance, it is necessary to limit the daily caloric intake to 1200-1400 kcal.

In chronic renal failure in combination with overweight and obesity, sugar, white bread, pastry, sweets and other sweets, mayonnaise, butter and palm oil, other fatty dairy products (soft cheeses, sour cream, cream) should be excluded from the diet, ice cream, fatty meat and poultry, soups with fatty broth and other high-calorie foods.

Sick with disorders of purine metabolism (hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria) should be excluded: rich broths, offal - liver, kidneys, heart, tongues, etc., pates, sausages, veal, pork, chickens, smoked meats, canned meat and fish, fast food, legumes ( green peas, beans, beans, lentils), cocoa, chocolate, nuts, strong tea and coffee, grapes, raisins, grape wines.

At metabolic disorders of oxalic acid (oxaluria, oxalate kidney stones, oxalosis) in addition to the restrictions shown with an increase in uric acid, greens, sorrel, spinach, rhubarb, peppers should also be limited.

At hyperphosphatemia the same products are excluded as in violation of purine metabolism, and in addition, fish should be limited (no more than 1 time per week), as well as cereals (except rice) and other foods rich in phosphorus. The daily intake of phosphorus should not exceed 800 mg/day. As a substitute for cereals, artificial sago (a product derived from starch) can be used. Sago is added to first courses, used to make cereals, puddings, meatballs, pie fillings.

For the purpose of correction hyperkalemia it is recommended to limit the same foods as in case of purine metabolism disorder, as well as dried apricots, figs, bananas, apricots, peaches, nectarine, etc. Limit potatoes (up to 2-3 times a week) and cook it in a special way: peel, cut , soak in water for at least 3 hours, drain and boil the soaked potatoes in fresh water.

Low-protein diet for chronic renal failure

A low-protein diet in chronic renal failure and chronic kidney disease plays a key role and is used to reduce the accumulation of nitrogenous waste and reduce uremic intoxication. Recommendations for limiting protein intake are based on the data that this reduces the content of uremic substances - products of protein metabolism, and that some amino acids that enter the blood during the digestion of protein foods increase glomerular perfusion and exacerbate glomerular hypertension, increase proteinuria.

The benefits of a low-protein diet are evidenced by clinical studies that have proven that a low-protein diet:

• reduces proteinuria;
• delays the onset of ESRD (terminal renal failure);
• improves renal hemodynamics;
• increases the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs;
• improves purine metabolism;
• contributes to the correction of hyperphosphatemia and the prevention of metabolic acidosis.

A low-protein diet (MBD) also has additional beneficial effects: it increases sensitivity to antihypertensive therapy, insulin, and increases the antiproteinuric effect of ACE inhibitors. In patients who strictly follow the recommendations for limiting protein, the state of health improves, the progression of renal failure slows down.

How much protein can patients with CRF?

The degree of protein restriction must be adequate stages of chronic renal failure(0.7-0.8 g/kg body weight per day with a moderate decrease in GFR, 0.6 and, in some cases, as low as 0.3 g/kg/day with a pronounced decrease in function).

In most cases, a moderate low-protein diet (0.6-0.8 g / kg / day) is recommended, but at the same time, at least 60% of the protein should be of high biological value, that is, contain a sufficient amount of essential amino acids; an adequate caloric content of the diet is required - 30-35 kcal / kg / day.

However, due to the possible inadequate diet by patients or the deterioration and perversion of appetite (aversion to meat food), which is often observed in severe chronic renal failure, the risk of developing protein-energy deficiency syndrome, which is characterized by a violation of the synthesis of vital proteins, hypercatabolism of muscle and other body proteins, an increase in the level of nitrogenous slags and potassium, an increase in the mortality of patients.

Therefore, with a low-protein diet, a finished drug of all essential amino acids and their keto analogs is prescribed. (Ketosteril), which provides reliable prevention of protein-energy malnutrition syndrome. Ketoanalogues do not contain an amino group, which reduces the nitrogen load.

A more strict low-protein diet (but not lower than 0.3 g/kg/day) is acceptable only if there are technical and organizational capabilities for extended and regular monitoring of nutritional status, and is combined with the mandatory intake of essential keto analogues of essential amino acids.

How much salt can be consumed with CKD?

Restriction of salt intake (no more than 5 g/day, and if possible, even more severe) is of fundamental importance for adequate correction of arterial hypertension, increases the antiproteinuric efficacy of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Food should be cooked without adding salt and should not be salted on the table.

In case of intolerance to a strict salt-free diet, it is allowed to slightly salt the prepared dishes in a plate (no more than 1 g per day - that is, on the tip of a knife). If there are no contraindications from the gastrointestinal tract, you can use spices, spices so that the food does not seem insipid. The exception is tubular lesions with increased sodium excretion.

Principles of nutrition in chronic renal failure

Nutrition for chronic renal failure should be regular, if possible, frequent - 3 main meals plus 2 light "snacks".

Patients with chronic renal failure or chronic kidney disease should adhere to the following nutritional principles:

• balanced, complete nutrition;
• adequate calorie intake;
• monitoring nutritional status, keeping diaries, training;
• ensuring sufficient intake of calories (30-35 kcal / kg of body weight), essential amino acids;
• strict restriction of salt - no more than 4-5 g / day;
• restriction of protein intake (0.8-0.3 g / kg / day, respectively, the stage of chronic renal failure);
• adequate water regime;
• correction of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia;
• correction of disorders of purine metabolism;
• correction of violations of phosphorus-calcium metabolism;
• prevention and correction of hyperkalemia;
• starting from stage 3B, sometimes earlier - correction of metabolic acidosis.

The water regime is determined by the specific clinical situation. Most patients with chronic renal failure are shown an extended water regime, that is, at least 2 liters. liquids per day in cool weather, up to 3 liters. liquids per day in hot weather, especially with urolithiasis, disorders of purine metabolism, a tendency to urinary infection. With nephrotic syndrome, decreased diuresis, on the contrary, fluid intake should be sharply limited.

Protein-energy malnutrition syndrome

Dangerous: deficiency of calories and essential amino acids, impaired synthesis of vital proteins, sudden weight loss, loss of muscle mass, fatty tissue, a paradoxical increase in nitrogenous slags, hyperkalemia.

Needed: adequate diet, special nutritional formulas, preparations of essential amino acids and their keto analogs (Ketosteril).

Restrictions in chronic renal failure

• hypothermia and dampness, prolonged exposure to the sun;
• overload and psychological stress, lack of sleep;
• alcohol abuse, drug use;
• independent, without the consent of a doctor, taking medications, food supplements;
• the use of analgesics and NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) should be as limited as possible - no more than 1 tablet per month if it is impossible to completely exclude;
• professional and household frequent contacts with paints, varnishes, organic solvents, heavy metals; in case of occasional contacts, it is necessary to use protective equipment.

Physical education in chronic renal failure and prevention

We should not forget about the importance of dosed physical activity, mainly aerobic (swimming, brisk walking, exercising on a stationary bike and an elliptical trainer), which are necessary to optimize weight, blood pressure, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.

At the same time, jogging, treadmill training, horseback riding and other exercises associated with significant body shaking are undesirable for people prone to kidney prolapse.

Physical education should be regular and evenly distributed throughout the week. If possible, at least 30 minutes a day or an hour 3 times a week.

An important component of nephroprotective therapy is the patient's refusal to smoke, which is a significant cause of the development of endothelial dysfunction, impaired renal hemodynamics, and progression of nephrosclerosis.

This book will tell you about how to eat with chronic kidney failure. A low-protein diet with limited intake of animal proteins, phosphorus, sodium contributes to inhibition of the progression of renal failure, reduces the possibility of complications. Protein intake should be strictly dosed. Preference is given to proteins of plant origin, in which the phosphorus content is lower. Recommended soy proteins. This book will tell you how to cook a variety of tasty and satisfying dishes that will not harm your well-being. Bon appetit and stay healthy!

A series: Soul Cooking

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by the LitRes company.

Principles of diet for kidney failure

It is not easy to follow a diet for kidney failure - there are many restrictions, many factors that must be taken into account. But this is one of the most effective ways to slow down the progression of the disease and prevent complications.

First of all, the diet involves:

– Limiting protein intake. It depends on the degree of renal failure, therefore it varies from 20-70 g per day.

- The energy value of food is achieved by increasing the consumption of fats and carbohydrates.

- Use in food the required amount of fruits, vegetables, but taking into account the content of proteins, vitamins, salt in them.

– Carrying out the necessary, harmless culinary processing of products.

– Regulation of salt and fluid intake, depending on the severity of the disease, the presence of edema, high or low blood pressure.

Calorie intake should be constantly sufficient throughout the day, so it is important to eat at least 5-6 times a day.

In the presence of an initial stage of deficiency, the amount of protein consumed should be limited, but not much, for example, up to 70 g, or 1 g of protein per 1 kg of body weight. During this period, it is recommended to use mainly vegetable and milk proteins in food.

The metabolic products of such proteins are much easier to remove from the body. Another very important reason is that vegetable proteins are very rich in alkaline compounds, which inhibit the development of acidosis.

To provide the necessary energy value of the diet, you need to use a variety of fats, carbohydrates, especially carbohydrates of vegetables and fruits. But you should not forget about fish, eggs, meat. You should discuss with your doctor their number in the diet. Products are best boiled, stewed, baked.

Salt use: In mild cases, salt is limited slightly. The dishes themselves are prepared without salt, but the patient salts the food himself. It is usually recommended to use it per day no more than 3 g, and in the presence of polyuria (increased amount of urine), it is recommended to increase its consumption to 5 g per 1 liter of urine.

You also need to watch your fluid intake. Drinking is not particularly limited, however, the total amount of fluid should not exceed the amount of urine that was excreted over the previous day (daily diuresis) by more than 500 ml. If there is no swelling, you can drink the recommended amount, taking into account the liquid in the first courses and in fresh vegetables and fruits. Sufficient drinking contributes to the active removal of metabolic products from the body. When calculating fluid intake, it is necessary to adhere to the basic rule: the volume of urine excreted by the body during the previous day + 500 ml.

It is very useful to drink vegetable and fruit juices diluted with clean water (if there are no contraindications), as well as to use hydrocarbonate mineral waters, for example, Borjomi, Luhansk No. 1.

Fasting days

Fruit or berry day is that the patient is given 5 times a day, 300 g of ripe raw fruits or berries: apples, pears, grapes, strawberries. In the appropriate season, "watermelon day" is especially recommended. You can add sugar to fruits and berries.

A vegetable day consists of 1.5 kg of various vegetables. Salads are prepared from them and given every 3 hours for 300 g. A little sour cream or vegetable oil is added to the salads. Salads are not salty.

Of the vegetable days, cucumber unloading day is especially useful for the kidneys. 5 times a day you need to eat 300-400 g of fresh cucumbers. You can add 100-200 g of sour cream to cucumbers.

For kidney ailments, a juice day is also recommended. 4 times a day they drink 150–200 ml of vegetable or fruit unsweetened juice, diluted with water and rosehip broth. Total for the day - 600 ml of juice, 200 ml of water, 600 ml of rosehip broth. Before holding a juice day, you should definitely consult a doctor: under some conditions, it is contraindicated.

During the oat fasting day, the body is saturated with B vitamins, and the intestines and kidneys are cleansed. For a day you need to eat 700-750 g of oatmeal on water from 200 g of oatmeal. The daily portion is divided into 5 parts. On oatmeal day, you should also drink 1-2 cups of rosehip broth.

Calculating the daily amount of protein in the diet is a must.

Flour products, including bread - wheat white bran bread baked without salt, protein-free bread.

In the first two weeks, poultry and meat are allowed in limited quantities. Then it is allowed to eat lean meat, boiled with further frying, chopped and pieces.

Soups - vegetable, with cereals or pasta, prepared without the use of salt, seasoned with butter, lemon and herbs.

Low-fat boiled or baked fish.

Dairy products and milk in limited quantities - natural cottage cheese in the form of puddings and casseroles, fermented milk drinks.

Eggs - one or two soft-boiled eggs or in the form of protein omelettes; Greens and vegetables - carrots, potatoes, beets, lettuce, cauliflower, tomatoes, parsley, cucumbers, dill. All fresh or boiled.

Cereals and pasta in limited quantities, which are replaced by specialty pasta or sago.

Sweet dishes and fruits - fresh or boiled berries and fruits (melon and watermelon are especially recommended), mousses, starch-based jellies and purees, honey, jams, preserves, sugar.

Snacks - mild cheese, fruit or vegetable salads, veal, vinaigrette seasoned with vegetable oil, and aspic fish;

Sauces - sour cream, milk, vegetable, sweet sauces from fruits and other sauces without the use of fish, mushroom and meat broths.

Fats - any, except refractory. Drinks - tea with milk, weak tea, decoctions of blackcurrant or rose hips, berry or vegetable juices, diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1.

Meat: preferably lean lamb, pork, veal, rabbit, boiled and baked chicken, lightly fried after boiling.

Fish: preferably cod (or haddock) and navaga, boiled and then fried or baked.

Dairy products: only cream and butter are allowed. Instead of cream, you can use sour cream up to 150–200 g during the day, it is better as an addition to dishes.

Eggs: Yolks are added to dishes. Whole eggs up to 4 times a week with less meat and fish.

Sago and low-protein pasta dishes.

Vegetables and fruits: used in any treatment, if there are no contraindications (increased potassium content in the blood).

Sweets: honey, sugar, jam, sweets, but not chocolate.

Drinks: weak tea and coffee drink, rosehip broth.

Fats: butter and vegetable oil, sour cream.

Prohibited foods and dishes

Bread of ordinary baking and flour products.

Canned food is excluded.

Caviar is excluded due to the high content of phosphorus, salt and protein, smoked products.

Cereals are limited, especially oatmeal, barley, buckwheat, millet.

Do not eat nuts and almonds.

Any salty foods.

Black bread or plain bread.

Broths from meat, mushrooms or fish.

Fatty meat, fish or poultry; smoked meats, sausages, canned fish or meat, cheeses and salted fish.

Any alcohol.

Canned food.

Onions, legumes, garlic, mushrooms, sorrel; pickled, pickled or salted vegetables.

Cocoa, strong coffee, chocolate.

Mineral water containing a lot of sodium.

In renal failure, special attention is paid to the use of bread. Better to bake it yourself.

"Salt-Free Bread"

Compound: wheat flour of the first grade - 400 g, dry yeast - g, sugar - 1 teaspoon, butter -1 tbsp. spoon, water - 300 ml.

Dissolve the yeast in warm water, add sugar and leave in a warm place for 10 minutes to ferment. Put the flour and butter in a cup, add the yeast diluted in water, knead a soft dough and let it rise. Divide into 2 pieces, shape into loaves and put back in a warm place. Bake at 230°C for 30 minutes.

Various additives can be used to improve the taste of salt-free bread.

Impaired kidney function with the development of kidney failure leads to a number of metabolic disorders:

- violations of protein metabolism,

- hormonal disorders

- violations of fat metabolism,

- violations of water and electrolyte balance and mineral metabolism,

- disorders of the blood system,

- Appetite disorders.

Principles of diet therapy in chronic renal failure

Restriction of protein intake.

Restriction in the diet of salt and liquid.

The adequacy of the energy value of the diet.

Increasing the intake of unsaturated fatty acids.

Monitoring the intake of potassium and magnesium.

Ensuring adequate intake of vitamins.

Dietary correction of anemia.

Diets for kidney disease

For the dietary correction of kidney diseases, the Institute of Nutrition of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences developed the following diets: diet No. 7, diet No. 7a, diet No. 7b, diet No. 7c, diet No. 7 g, diet No. 7p. This is a special power system.

In renal failure, a high-calorie diet is very important, at least 3500 kcal per day. With a lack of calories, the metabolism changes. They begin to "burn" not only their own fats, but also proteins. It is advisable to take food 4-6 times a day.

Maximum (No. 7a) and moderate (No. 7b) preservation of kidney function, improved excretion of nitrogenous and other metabolic products from the body, reduction of arterial hypertension and edema. Exclude products rich in extractives, essential oils, oxalic acid. Culinary processing without mechanical sparing: boiling, baking, light frying. With diet No. 7b, in addition to diet No. 7a, daily consumption of 50 g of boiled meat or fish and 200 ml of milk or kefir, 1 egg or 100 g of cheese is allowed.

At the end of the acute period, with the restoration of kidney function, patients are transferred to a 7c diet, which can already be prescribed for a period of 1–2 weeks. The patient is recommended decoctions of vegetables, fruits, compotes, sweet tea, tea with lemon or milk, fruit or berry juices, fresh fruits and vegetables. Watermelons and melons are very useful.

Diet No. 7 g is used for terminal renal failure, when patients are on regular hemodialysis. The chemical composition and energy value of diet No. 7 g: proteins 60 g, fats 110 g, carbohydrates 450 g; calorie content 3000 kcal; retinol 1.5 mg, carotene 15 mg, thiamine 1.3 mg, riboflavin 2.5 mg, nicotinic acid 13.5 mg, ascorbic acid 250 mg; potassium 2.5 g, calcium 0.3 g, magnesium 0.4 g, phosphorus 1.2 g, iron 0.022 g. Salt intake should be limited to 2 g per day, free fluid - up to 0.7 l. It is necessary to ensure the full supply of vitamins. In the daily diet, it is necessary to limit foods high in vegetable protein and foods rich in potassium. All dishes are prepared without salt, served boiled. The diet is fractional, 6 times a day.

Diet No. 7p involves a hyposodium diet, complete in chemical composition and sufficient in energy value. Proteins of predominantly plant origin (75%) with the maximum removal of purine bases. Energy value: 2660-2900 kcal. Ingredients: proteins 70 g, fats 80–90 g, carbohydrates 400–450 g. All dishes are prepared without salt, meat and fish are consumed boiled or followed by baking. The diet is frequent, fractional, 5-6 times a day.

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The following excerpt from the book 100 recipes for chronic renal failure. Tasty, healthy, sincere, healing (Irina Vecherskaya, 2014) provided by our book partner -

Each organ has its own purpose. The kidneys play a fundamentally important role in the body, their functions are metabolic, hematopoietic, ion-regulating. Their work largely depends on the “material” with which they interact, that is, on the products that enter our body.

Kidney dysfunction is a state of the body when all the work of the kidneys goes astray, and they can no longer function normally. For support normal kidney function, including, doctors prescribe to follow a diet, especially if a person is sick.

Principles of diet for chronic renal failure

You must adhere to the main requirements:

• reducing the amount of protein consumed;
• a significant reduction in sodium (salt) in food;
• reduction of phosphorus in the diet;
• careful and careful attitude to the use of potassium;
• reduction in fluid intake.

1 stage- a mild form of the disease, which is quite likely to go unnoticed. Therefore, at this stage, it is recommended to limit the amount of protein to 70 grams per day.

It is better to use vegetable proteins, which are found in vegetables, nuts, bread.

Also limit yourself in taking salt to 4-5 grams per day, but it is desirable, for example, to cook food without salt at all. The amount of liquid you drink should not exceed the amount of urine allocated per day by more than 500 grams.

Once a week it is good for the kidneys to spend a fasting day (apple, potato, pumpkin).

2 stage- there is a slight violation of the kidneys, but still without pronounced symptoms. At this stage, the amount of protein per day is reduced to 20-40 grams, and a significant part of the protein should be proteins of animal origin: fish, milk, meat, eggs.

Due to the sharp decrease in protein in the body, the energy value must be increased by vegetable and milk proteins, and, of course, carbohydrates. Salt can be consumed 2-3 grams per day.

The amount of liquid still should not exceed the amount of urine per day by more than 500 grams. Water can be replaced with diluted fruit and vegetable juices.

It is important to exclude coffee, cocoa, chocolate, mushroom soup, meat and fish broth and, of course, alcohol from the diet.

3 stage- divided into stages A and B. Stage B is that symptoms appear, such as numbness, exhaustion, bone pain. First of all, meat, fish, bread are excluded.

The norm of salt per day is 2-4 grams, fats 120 grams, carbohydrates 250-350 grams. The fluid remains consistent with the norm of urine. You can use vegetables, fruits, milk fats, vegetable oil in your diet.

Attention: horseradish, garlic, radish, mustard, ketchup - should not be in your diet.

4 stage- there is a violation of the kidneys, chronic fatigue, loss of appetite. The amount of proteins should be calculated, 0.7-1 gram / 1 kg of body weight per day. Food without salt, if arthritic pressure is small, up to 2 grams per day is allowed.

The intake of vegetables, fruits, dairy products, cabbage, mushrooms is limited. Apricot, banana, prunes, raisins are completely excluded from the daily diet. Liquid - 700-800 grams per day. Fats are 110 grams, carbohydrates - 450 grams. Meals 6 times a day, in small portions.

5 stage At this stage, the kidneys cannot function normally. At this stage, fats should not exceed 70 grams, carbohydrates 400 grams. Blackcurrant, melon, peach, celery, chicory are completely excluded from the diet. Spicy and salty foods, canned food, sausage, chocolate, mushroom and meat soup (broth) are strictly prohibited.

Sample menu for a few days

Example recipes:

• Omelet with vegetables

What you need: 1.5 cups of chilled milk, 4-5 eggs, vegetables (carrots, broccoli, etc.), 30-40 grams of butter.

Stages:

1. preheat the oven to 180 degrees;
2. vegetables must be boiled;
3. Whisk eggs and milk in any deep bowl. The faster you beat, the more magnificent the omelet;
4. add vegetables to this mixture. Lubricate the mold with butter, pour the mixture into it and put in the oven for 7-9 minutes.

Through 9 minutes you have a wonderful omelette ready.

Rice with shrimps and herbs

What you need: 200-250 grams of rice, 200-250 grams of peeled shrimp,
greens (basil, cilantro), 5-6 tablespoons of olive oil.

Stages:

1. first you need to wash the greens, dry and chop with olive oil (can be in a blender);
2. boil rice, salt is not allowed;
3. lightly fry the shrimp in a pan until pink, put on the table and wipe off the fat;
4. shrimps, rice and a mixture of greens and oil, put in a saucepan with large sides, simmer for 4-5 minutes.

Through 5 minutes shrimp rice is ready!

If you do not stick to the diet, it will cause the rapid development of kidney failure. The consequence could be death.

Why is it important to follow a diet, the doctor will tell in the video clip:

The kidneys play an important role in the life of the human body. For the normal functioning of this body, it is necessary to adhere to certain nutritional rules. Diet for kidney failure is considered a mandatory part of the treatment. Without this component of therapy, it is impossible to talk about improving the human condition.

This disease is very dangerous for health and life, so you need to take it seriously. The doctor will tell you what you can eat and what you can not eat if this disease is diagnosed in the patient. Kidney failure is a condition in which the kidneys do not carry out their functions, the metabolic processes of the body are disturbed, water, nitrogen, electrolytes, all this cannot be excreted from the human body. Such disorders can be the result of many diseases.

Note! It is important to consider that kidney failure can be acute and chronic, each of the varieties requires its own diet.

In addition to diet, the treatment of this disease includes some procedures and medications - such therapeutic manipulations are aimed at restoring the functions of this organ.

Nutrition Features

Restriction in nutrition, with renal failure, should be aimed at reducing the load on the kidneys to ensure their normal functioning. There are certain rules that must be followed. Protein should be consumed in an amount of 60-40g per day, it is also necessary to supply amino acids to the body, and salt should be almost completely eliminated - the daily volume of salt should not exceed 1 g.

In addition, nutrition in renal failure is adjusted depending on the individual characteristics of the person. Despite the fact that the amount of protein consumed should be low, fats and carbohydrates are needed by the body in large quantities. Bread is necessarily included in the diet of such patients, but only corn or wheat.

We must not forget about the regular intake of vitamins, which are necessarily included in the diet for kidney failure. Berries, fruits, vegetables, juices are excellent sources of these elements.

Diet therapy also excludes the use of certain drinks that irritate the kidneys. Many people forget to pay attention to the fluid they consume, and this is very important. Strictly prohibited drinks and foods:

There is a list of certain foods that can be consumed with kidney failure, but the amount of such food should be agreed with the doctor, these are:

1. Dried fruits.
2. Caviar.
3. Dairy products.
4. Various nuts.
5. Fatty fish.
6. Sunflower seeds.
7. All beans.

The basics of therapeutic nutrition may vary, depending on the course of the disease. If kidney failure has just appeared, then dietary restrictions are strict, in the case of a chronic course of the disease, the doctor can further increase the list of prohibited foods. Recipes for medicinal dishes can be very diverse, patients with kidney failure have learned to make a menu, taking into account all dietary restrictions.

Basic principles of diet number 7

There is a certain kind of diet for such patients - this is diet 7. The list of prohibited and healthy foods that are included in this diet menu helps to relieve irritation from the kidneys and improve their work. If the doctor prescribes diet number 7, you need to carefully study it, understand what you can and cannot eat.

Features of diet number 7:

Cooking delicious dishes from such products is quite possible. The doctor will tell you about the features of such a diet and the duration of its observance.

Important! If a patient with chronic renal failure has a concomitant disease, such as diabetes, then the diet should be adjusted.

From the diet of patients with diabetes mellitus and renal failure, it is necessary to exclude:

In the case of diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency, the doctor regulates the nutrition of such a patient, since this situation is considered very difficult. In diabetes, carbohydrates are prohibited, this element increases blood glucose, which must be taken into account.

How to make a menu based on diet number 7?

A sample menu for the day will allow a person with chronic renal failure (chronic renal failure) to diversify their diet. Many are looking for recipes on the Internet or in special magazines, you need to carefully consider such a menu, study it in detail to identify prohibited foods.

sample menu
Breakfast . Puree with butter. Omelet from 1 egg. Orange juice. Second breakfast. Cucumber and tomato salad dressed with sour cream. 1 glass of mineral water without gas. Dinner . Turkey soup with rice (you can eat a portion of 300g). On the second - vegetable stew. Kissel from apples. Dinner . Rice porridge or oatmeal with jam or jam. Orange juice. Second dinner. 200 grams of low-fat cottage cheese with the addition of 50 g of sour cream.
Breakfast . Wheat porridge with butter, weak black tea with sugar. Second breakfast. Cottage cheese pancakes cooked in the oven. Fruit jam. Dinner . Vegetable soup cooked in mild chicken broth. Stewed veal in tomato sauce. Kissel from berries. Dinner . Fish baked in the oven. Garnish with mashed potatoes. Second dinner. 1 soft-boiled egg, vegetable salad seasoned with a few drops of vegetable oil.
Breakfast . A couple of slices of bread smeared with jam, 1 boiled egg. Tea with sugar. Second breakfast. 1 orange, 1 glass of kefir. Dinner . Low-fat fish soup, carrot cutlet, cucumber salad seasoned with vegetable oil. Kissel cherry. Dinner . Steam meatballs made from ground beef, mashed potatoes. Second dinner. 1 glass of ryazhenka, bread with jam.
Breakfast . Cottage cheese with sour cream, tea. Second breakfast. Apple and 1 boiled egg. Dinner . Soup with meatballs made from minced chicken, buckwheat porridge, veal goulash in tomato sauce. Berry compote. Dinner . Rabbit stewed in sour cream, zucchini baked in the oven. Second dinner. A glass of curdled milk, an orange.

Everyone can create different dishes on their own, you just need to show imagination. The diet for chronic renal failure is usually more strict, since the human body is already quite weakened.

If the disease continues for a long period, the disorders that occur due to poor kidney function destroy all systems and organs of the body.

Many are concerned about the variety of useful and permissible products for this disease. For example, dried fruits and bananas are considered very healthy food, but their inclusion in the menu of patients with kidney failure is prohibited. The answer lies in the composition of such products. The fact is that during the course of this pathology, the human body is not able to remove potassium that enters the bloodstream. Bananas, as well as dried fruits, are rich in this substance, so you can’t saturate it even more with potassium.

The preparation of therapeutic nutrition is based not only on improving the functioning of a particular organ, but also on stabilizing the state of the whole organism. Doctors develop special recommendations that help improve the health of people with various diseases. Therefore, in case of renal failure, compliance with such a menu is extremely important, otherwise the disease will only progress, which can lead to death.

The kidney removes nitrogenous waste from the body, participates in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates, controls the content of water and microelements in the body. We don't need to think about these processes as long as the kidney is working well. But if kidney failure has appeared, then the protein-energy and water-electrolyte balance has to be maintained with the help of a strict diet. In this article, we will talk about what to eat with kidney failure and which foods should be avoided.

Basic principles of diet for kidney failure

• Quantity is limited.
• The content of sodium (salt) in food is reduced.
• The amount of phosphorus in the diet is reduced.
• The content of potassium is reduced and strictly monitored.
• The flow of fluid into the body is regulated.
• Sufficient energy value of the diet is controlled.

Why is protein limited?

In renal failure, the patient must drastically limit the intake of foods high in protein. This will reduce the burden on the kidneys.

The end products of nitrogen metabolism are toxic, they increase the burden on the kidneys and contribute to the progression of the disease. The kidneys bear the brunt of their excretion and when toxins accumulate in the body, causing headache, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting.
Dietary protein restriction is recommended as early as the first stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The protein content in food is allowed at the rate of 1 g/kg of the patient's ideal body weight.
At the second stage, the allowable rate is 0.8 g / kg, and at the third and subsequent stages - 0.6 g / kg. In fact, this is very small, therefore, in order to avoid exhaustion of the patient, from the third stage, the doctor will recommend that the patient additionally take keto acids (ketosteril, 1 tablet per 5 kg of ideal body weight per day) or amino acids (soy isolate, 0.3 g per kilogram of ideal body weight body per day).

Why is it important to limit salt content?

The exchange of sodium is closely related to the exchange of water. Sodium retention in the body with renal failure leads to water retention, which means it exacerbates hypertension and contributes to the development of edema.
Already at the first stage of CKD, it is recommended to reduce sodium intake to 2.4 g. One gram of table salt contains 0.4 g of sodium. It is worth salting already cooked food, and when calculating the amount of an acceptable dose, one should not forget that sodium is also contained in the products themselves, and not just in the salt shaker. In practice, with a normal diet that does not include, for example, herring or sauerkraut, you can use 3-3.5 g of salt per day for cooking - this is an incomplete teaspoon.

Why limit phosphorus intake?

With renal failure, the excretion of phosphates slows down, the amount of phosphorus in the body increases, the production of parathyroid hormone, which extracts calcium from the bones, is activated, and osteoporosis develops.
Phosphorus enters the body usually with protein foods, so protein restriction in the diet also reduces the intake of phosphorus, however, the phosphate-protein ratio (phosphorus / protein ratio per 100 g of product) can vary significantly: 9 for pork and 65 for processed cheese. It is recommended to give preference to products whose coefficient does not exceed 20, and to feast on others no more than 2 times a week.
Reducing the intake of phosphorus to 0.8-1g/day is recommended from stage 3 of CKD.

Why is the potassium content reduced?

With renal failure, hyperkalemia develops - a dangerous condition that leads to a violation of the heart rhythm up to a sudden cardiac arrest. Another symptom of high potassium levels in the blood is muscle weakness.
To limit the daily intake of potassium begins with stage 3 CKD, the allowable dose is 2-4g / day.
High potassium content in all dried fruits, bananas and avocados, potatoes, greens and nuts, chocolate, wheat bran and sprouts, legumes.

Why is water limited?

To avoid fluid retention in the body, with kidney failure, water intake should be limited.

Patients with renal insufficiency are often thirsty and tend to drink large amounts of fluid, but the kidney is often unable to excrete water adequately, resulting in hypertension and edema.
Starting from the first stage of CKD, it is recommended to limit the total amount of fluid entering the body to 2 liters. Starting from stage 3, the amount of daily urine may decrease, in which case the rule comes into force: you can drink as much as the day before was allocated urine + 400 ml. Urine output should ideally be measured daily, or at least at least twice a week.
If it is difficult to cope with thirst, it is recommended to freeze part of the daily allowance and suck on ice cubes.

How to ensure sufficient energy value of the diet?

Excess weight contributes to the progression of renal failure and exacerbates the tendency to hypertension, but underweight is also unsafe: such patients are more difficult to enter dialysis and have more complications, so the caloric content of the diet for renal failure should be sufficient.
Since proteins are limited in kidney failure, fats and carbohydrates become the main sources of energy. At the same time, excessive consumption of fats raises the level of cholesterol and triglycerides, which, in combination with lipid metabolism disorders caused by kidney failure, can lead to the pathology of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, it is better to rely on vegetable fats - olive, corn, linseed oil.
Foods containing carbohydrates are often banned due to their high potassium content (dried fruits or potatoes, for example). It is necessary to include cereals in the diet, especially rice or corn.
Paradoxically, alcohol comes to the rescue of a CKD patient. With a low nutritional value, it has a high energy potential, so from stage 3, 20 g / day of alcohol for women and 60 for men can be recommended, and wines are preferred.

What to do if there is no appetite, but there is nausea and vomiting?

• To make meals more frequent, the environment pleasant, and the serving beautiful.
• Eat dry and solid foods first, and move on to liquid if the nausea does not worsen.
• Do not drink food, drink one hour before or one hour after a meal.
• Do not starve, when a feeling of hunger appears, immediately have a snack with something allowed, for example, dry cookies.
• If you have an unpleasant taste in your mouth, chew gum, or suck on slices of lemon, or rinse your mouth with baking soda.

It is not easy to follow a diet for kidney failure - there are many restrictions, many factors that must be taken into account. But this is one of the most effective ways to slow down the progression of the disease and prevent complications.

Which doctor to contact

For nutritional issues in chronic kidney disease, you should contact a nephrologist. A dietitian can also provide detailed advice.