Connecting the electric motor of the Vyatka washing machine. Coursework on the subject. Turning an electric motor from a washing machine into a generator
The main advantage of the machine is the complete automation of washing modes, including pre-wash, main wash, rinse, special treatment and spin. With a fairly simple (without electronics) and reliable electrical circuit, the machine performs all operations without resorting to human help. This is achieved by using a command apparatus in this design, which contains a program of 36 cycles. The washing rhythm is set by the MT electric motor, which is mechanically connected to the drum of the command device (Fig. 1).
Rice. one Schematic diagram of the household washing machine "Vyatka-avtomat-12-01"
In order to better understand the principle of operation of the electrical circuit and to simplify the search for possible faults, its description is given. A description of the operation of the electrical circuit of the machine is given for the first program of the Vyatka-automatic-12-01 model.
To set the desired program, turn the knob of the command device clockwise, aligning the program number with the pointer marked on the front panel.
The machine is started by pulling the program setting knob towards you until it clicks, while contacts 13-T, 14-T of the command device are closed and the indicator lamp lights up. Sequential cycle processing starts.
The cyclogram in the form of a table can be seen in Fig. 2, or from another source in fig. 3 and its description is given below.
Rice. 2 Cyclogram Vyatka-automatic
Rice. 3 Cyclogram Vyatka-automatic
Cycle 1. Water is poured through the solenoid valve EV1, to which voltage is applied through the contacts of the hatch microswitch 1P, contacts 1-3 of the level relay P and contacts 12-V of the command device. When the lower water level in the tank is reached, the level switch P is activated, opening contacts 1-3 and thereby removing power from the EV1 valve winding, the water supply to the tank stops. Contacts 1-2 are closed at this moment and power is supplied to the MT electric motor of the command device through the 8-T contact circuit. At the same time, the supply voltage is supplied to the 4th terminal of the electric motor ML of the drum drive through the circuit 8-T, 4-T, 1-V and then through contacts 9-T, 3-T and capacitor C1 to the 5th terminal. The rotation of the drum begins in intensive mode (approximately 9 seconds - movement in one direction, 10 seconds - pause, 9 seconds - movement in the other direction). The ML motor is reversed by switching contact 1 of the command device when the MT motor is running. During this period, two additional top-ups of water are made through valve EV1. In this case, voltage is applied to the valve winding through contacts 2-V, 1E, 5-T, 12-V. The water in the tank rises to the top level. With a small load of the drum with linen, a switch 1E is installed in the washing tub to limit the water; when the contacts of this switch are open, additional water fillings are not performed. The duration of the cycle is 2.5 minutes.
Cycle 2. At the initial moment of the cycle, the contacts of the command device 8-T, 5-T, 4-T open, and the contacts 7-B, 4-B close, while the power supply circuit of the electric heater R is closed through the contacts 7-B, water heating starts. By opening contact 8-T, the voltage supply to the electric motors of the drives of the command apparatus and the drum MT and ML is stopped. After the water in the tank warms up to + 40C, the TN-1 temperature sensor-relay is activated, voltage is applied to the ML and MT electric motors through its closed contacts. The drives of the command apparatus and the drum begin to work. The rotation of the drum occurs in a soft rhythm (7 seconds - movement, 48 seconds - pause, 7 seconds - movement, 13 seconds - pause, then the sequence repeats). The duration of the cycle, excluding the time required to heat the water, is 2.5 minutes.
Cycle 3. Contact 4-T closes, and within 5 minutes. washing is carried out with an intensive rhythm, while heating the water continues.
Cycle 4. Water heating continues. Contact 4-B closes, and within 5 minutes. the drum rotates with a gentle wash cycle.
Cycle 5. The pre-wash ends and the water starts to drain. This is ensured by closing the 6-T contact in the power supply circuit of the MPS pump motor. At the same time, contact 7-B opens, turning off the power to the heater R. During the entire cycle, equal to 2.5 minutes, the drum rotates with a soft washing mode.
Cycle 6. From the sixth cycle, the main wash begins. At the same time, voltage is applied to the windings of the electromagnetic valves EV3 and EV4 through contacts 11-B and 12-T, filling the tank with cold and hot water begins. When the water in the tank reaches the lower level, the contacts 1-2 of the P relay close, the water supply to the tank stops, the MT, ML electric motors turn on. Within 2.5 min. the drum rotates with an intense rhythm.
Cycle 7. The 8-T contact opens, the electric motors of the drum and command apparatus drives are de-energized, and they stop. Through closed contacts 7-V and 10-V, voltage is supplied to the heater R, water heating starts and continues until the temperature rises to + 40C. At the same time, the TN-1 sensor-relay is activated and voltage is supplied through its closed contacts to the electric motors of the drum drives and the command device. The rotation of the drum begins with a soft rhythm and continues for 5 minutes.
Cycle 8, 9 The drum continues to rotate with a soft rhythm for 10 minutes. Water heating continues.
Cycles 10, 11, 12. Contact 4-T closes, and the drum begins to rotate with an intense rhythm. The duration of three cycles is 15 minutes. Water heating will continue until the end of cycle 21; if the water temperature reaches +90C earlier, then the contacts TH-2 and TH-3 will work and the heating will stop.
Cycle 13 The rotation of the drum, due to the closure of contact 4-B, goes into a soft washing mode.
Cycles 14, 15, 16. Contact 4-B opens, 4-T closes, the rotation of the drum continues at an intense rhythm for 15 minutes.
Cycles 17, 18, 19. The rotation of the drum goes into a soft washing mode, the cycle time is 15 minutes.
Cycles 20, 21. Continued rotation of the drum with an intense rhythm for 10 minutes.
Cycle 22. Contacts 7-V and 10-V open, turning off the supply voltage of the heater R and thereby stopping water heating. Through closed contacts 2-B, 1E, 5-T and 11-B, the EV3 solenoid valve is turned on, which provides two additional fillings with cold water. Cycle time 2.5 min.
Cycle 23. The operations listed during the work of the 5th cycle are performed. The main wash is over.
Cycle 24. The MT and ML motors are energized through contacts 8-T and 4-T, reversing contact 1, contacts 9-T, 3-T. The drum rotates with an intense rhythm for 5 minutes. The water filling begins through the open valve EV3, which is powered through closed contacts 1-3 of the level relay P and 11-B of the command device.
Cycle 25. Same as cycles 5 and 23. End of the first rinse.
Cycle 26. Water is being filled through the open valve EV3. After the level switch P is activated, the electric motors of the drum drive and the command device begin to rotate. The rotation of the drum occurs with an intense rhythm for 2.5 minutes. During this period of time, when contact 2-B is closed, additional water is added.
Cycle 27. The 6-T contact closes, the MPS pump turns on, the water is drained simultaneously with the rotation of the drum in an intensive rhythm. Cycle time 2.5 min. End of the second rinse.
Cycle 28. When moving from cycle 27 to cycle 28, the drum slowly rotates counterclockwise. At the beginning of the 28th cycle, the drum turns on in the centrifuge mode, the laundry is pre-spinned. The voltage through contacts 1-3 of the level relay P, 5-V, 9-V, 3-V of the command device, capacitors C1 and C2 connected in parallel, is supplied to the terminal MS-2 of the electric motor. At the same time, voltage is supplied to the MPS pump motor through contacts 10-T, 8-T, 6-T. Cycle time 2.5 min.
Cycle 29. Similar to the 26th cycle, but the washing rhythm is soft (contact 4-B closed).
Cycle 30.- similar to 27
Cycle 31- similar to 26
Cycle 32- similar to 5.
Cycle 33- similar to 26, but filling is done through the EV2 valve, since contact 11-T closes. An agent for special treatment of linen is introduced into the tank along with water.
Cycle 34- similar to 27.
Cycle 35- similar to 28, but the spin time is increased to 5 minutes.
Cycle 36- contacts 13-T and 14-T of the command device open, the supply voltage is removed from the circuit. The program has been completed.
As noted earlier, the main element of the electrical circuit, its "brain center", is the command apparatus. This device consists of an electric drive, contact groups and a drum on which the program is applied. When the electric motor of the drive of the command device is turned on, its drum begins to rotate, closing (opening) at certain intervals one or another group of contacts, which in turn turns on (turns off) the machine unit, which is currently necessary to comply with the washing technology. The sequence of closing the contacts of the command device, which must be taken into account when determining the cause that caused the malfunction of the first and, in fact, the entire program, is described above.
To find the cause of the failure of the machine, it is necessary to analyze its operation. The first thing to find out is at what cycle and what specifically does not work. Further, based on the description of the circuit diagram, it is necessary to determine which circuit (contact) turns on the supply voltage of the idle unit at the moment. Then begin the element-by-element check of this circuit. It is most convenient to start by testing the unit itself, gradually narrowing the search circle to identifying a faulty contact or section of the circuit.
Finding a circuit malfunction is much more difficult than fixing it. To do this, it is necessary either to replace the failed elements, or, if this is not possible, to repair them. Therefore, methods for replacing or repairing defective components are not described here. Below are the external signs of possible malfunctions and the circuits to be checked in compliance with its sequence. At the same time, when determining the health of a contact or unit with a probe, it is necessary at the time of the test to disconnect all wires going into the circuit from one of its terminals. This is due to the fact that the circuit of the contact under test may be closed through other nodes of the circuit, which will lead to serious miscalculations when identifying a faulty element.
Table 1
| Type of malfunction | Remedy |
|---|---|
| After typing the program and turning on the machine does not work. | In this case, it is necessary to check the tightness of the hatch and the serviceability of the contact of the microswitch 1P. |
| When the machine is turned on, the indicator light is on - the tank is not filled with water. | Inlet hose kink - the grid of the corresponding valve is clogged, the valve coil is faulty, there is no circuit in contacts 1-3 of the level switch P or 12-V of the command device. |
| The tank is overflowing with water. The drum motor does not start. | Faulty level switch P. |
| After filling the tank with water, the drum motor does not rotate, the command device works. | It is necessary to check the contact circuit 4-T, 1-B and the 9-T circuit, capacitor C1, 3-T. |
| The drum does not work in intense or soft rhythms. | Check contacts 4-B, T. |
| No drum reversal. | It is necessary to check contacts 1-B, T. |
| There is no additional filling of the tank with water, switch 1E is on. | The valve is powered through the 2-V, 1E, 5-T, 12-V circuit, which must be checked. |
| After 2.5 min. operation, the machine stops and the further washing process is not resumed. | Faulty electric heater R, no 7-V contact circuit. Faulty temperature sensor-relay ТН1. |
| The drum motor hums, but the drum does not rotate. | In this case, the fault is searched in series for the power supply circuit of the winding, which ensures the operation of the electric motor in the spin mode (contact 1-3 of the relay P, 5-V, 9-V, 3-V, contacts 1,2,3 of the relay K), and in the power circuits winding that ensures the operation of the electric motor in the washing mode (contacts 1-2 of the relay P, contacts TH1, contacts 2-T, 4-T, 1-B, 1-T, 9-T, 3-T of the command device). |
| Weak washing. After spinning, the laundry is very damp, water flows from it. | The drain hose is kinked, the pump filter is clogged, the drive belt is loose. |
| Increased vibration in spin mode. | The parts that secure the tank during transportation have not been dismantled. The stability of the machine has not been adjusted. |
If during operation the engine failed (burned out), after replacing it, it is necessary to check the contacts of the command device, since as a result of overload, when working with a faulty engine, they may burn.
All the best, write to © 2005
Schematic diagram of the washing machine "Vyatka-Avtomat"
| E1..E6 | Contacts on the noise filter | MPS | Pump |
| D1C, D, D3L | Hatch lock | R1.2 | TEN (heater) |
| P 1,2,3 | Level sensor | MCML | Engine |
| ТН1..ТН3 | Temperature sensors for 40, 60, 90 degrees | MT | Command apparatus |
| SL1, SL2 | Indicators | Ez | spark arrester |
| EV1..EV4 | Cold and hot water valves | C1 | Capacitor |
| a) "Vyatka-Automatic 12" | b) "Vyatka-Automatic-14" | ||
| c) "Vyatka-Automatic-16" | d) "Vyatka-Automatic" with a hatch blocking device | ||
| e) "Vyatka-Automatic" only with cold. water | f) "Vyatka-Automatic" with FPS filter |
The design of the washing machine "Vyatka-Avtomat"
| 1 - detergent dispenser | 2 - support | ||
| 3 – tank suspension spring | 4 - hose | ||
| 5 - solenoid valve | 6 - washing tank | ||
| 7 - pulley | 8 - inlet hose | ||
| 9 - thermostat sensor | 10 - electric heater | ||
| 11 - electric motor | 12 - drain hose | ||
| 13 - tube level sensor | 14 - shock absorber plate |
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| 15 - capacitor | 16 - shock absorber spring |
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| 17 - friction disc | 18 - electric pump |
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| 19 - filter | 20 - drainage tube |
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| 21 - level sensor | 22 - counterweight |
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| 23 - command device | 24 - indicator lamp |
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| 25 - program switch | 26 - command device handle |
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| 27 - front wall of the case | 28 - machine body |
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| 29 - manhole cover | 30 - housing cover |
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| 31 - dispenser box | 32 - inlet hose |
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| 33 - solenoid valve | |||
The car works from a network of cold and hot water supply, is intended for washing, rinsing and an extraction of products from all types of fabrics. It has front loading linen. The machine provides a choice of washing modes with a set of a specific program using low-foaming synthetic detergents. Programs are dialed with the control knob of the command device and special switches located on the front panel of the machine body. The machine is protected against water overflow and is equipped with a hydraulic filter that ensures the retention of foreign bodies.
The connection between the filter cover and the housing is hermetically sealed and withstands a pressure of 9.4 kPa. The design of the machine ensures complete draining of the liquid from the tank: the allowable residual liquid in the hydraulic system is not more than 500 ml.
Regulation of programs and temperature of washing solutions during washing, rinsing and spinning of products is carried out automatically. Manually only load products and detergents, dial the necessary program, turn off the machine and unload clean linen.
The metal body of the machine 28 is made of sheet steel coated with white paint. The body consists of stamped parts connected by rivets and welding. From above, the case is closed with a metal cover 30, painted white and attached with self-tapping screws. Inside the housing there is a washing tub 6 with a two-speed electric motor 11 of the washing tub drive mounted on it. In the upper part of the housing there are: a block for connecting to the water supply network, consisting of two solenoid valves 5 and 33, connected by hoses 4 to the dispenser 1 of detergents, providing for the possibility of automatically introducing detergents, bluing and starching agents into the machine; capacitor 15 for the electric motor; a liquid level sensor 21 connected to the bottom of the tank by a hose 13. A button switch 25 is installed on the upper part of the front wall 27 of the body, which serves to select the economical washing and spinning mode; to the right of the switch are the command device 23 and the neon lamp 24, signaling the operation of the electric motor 11. The control unit is closed with a plastic panel, on which the handles 26 of the command device and the switch 25 are displayed; here (on the left) there is a drawer 31 of the detergent dispenser and a panel with program inscriptions located under the handle of the dispenser drawer.
Washing tank 6 is made of carbon steel with subsequent hot enamelling. The upper part of the washing tub is suspended from the body of the machine on two cylindrical springs 3. The springs are attached to the upper part of the housing through supports 2. Metal springs are welded to the lower part of the washing tub on both sides: counterweights 22 made of concrete are fixed on the washing tub. A tubular electric heater 10 and a temperature sensor 9 are built inside the washing tub. A perforated washing drum with three ribs is installed in the washing tub. The axis of the washing drum through the seals in the cast support attached to the rear wall of the washing tub is extended beyond the limits of the latter. A pulley 7 is put on the axle, connected by a V-belt to a pulley on the motor shaft. In the front wall of the washing tub there is a loading opening connected to the loading hatch by means of a fixed rubber cuff of a special profile. In this part of the machine, a drain electric pump 18 and a removable filter 19 are installed, the cover of which is displayed on the lower part of the front panel of the housing. The machine is equipped with a removable water inlet hose 8 and a drain hose 12. The presence of a rectangular hole closed by a lid in the rear of the machine and the possibility of removing the top cover provide convenient access to the structural elements and machine devices, which is of great importance during its repair.
Content:Washing machines wear out and fail over time. Most of the time they just end up in the landfill. However, in many cases, parts from a washing machine can come in handy. There are many options for the second life of an electric motor. It all depends on the skills, capabilities and imagination of the home master. In this article, you will learn where you can use the engine from the washing machine, if it is in working order. Consider what homemade products from the engine from the washing machine can be made.
Electric motor for grinder or emery
Buying a finished grinder is not always possible, primarily because of the high price, and in this case, the electric motor from the washing machine or other equipment becomes literally indispensable.
A lot of effort requires the correct layout of the future unit, as well as the solution of such a technical problem as the attachment of a grindstone to the motor shaft. In many cases, there is no thread on it, and the diameters of the shaft and the hole in the stone do not match. The usual way out is to use a special part, which must be ordered separately from the turner's workshop. This part may be called a flange, adapter, hub, etc.
The flange to be turned must fit on the shaft and be fixed with a bolt. In addition, you will need a washer and nut with a thread directed in the direction opposite to the rotation of the motor shaft. Due to this, spontaneous tightening of the nut will occur during operation. Otherwise, the nut will quickly unwind and the stone will fly off.
If necessary, you can change the direction of rotation of the rotor. In washing machines, they are installed, therefore, it is enough to switch the corresponding windings, and the direction of rotation will change. A starter coil is required to start the engine. If it is absent, then there is nothing to worry about: when you push the stone in the right direction, the device will work on its own.
For the manufacture of a grinding machine, it is not at all necessary to use high-power engines. 400 W is quite enough, and even 100-200 W. Pay attention to the number of revolutions per minute, which should not exceed 3000. Otherwise, the motor with too high a speed may lead to the destruction of the grindstone. The best option is an electric motor with 1000 rpm.
The operation of a homemade grinder requires strict adherence to safety regulations. First of all, it is necessary to provide a protective cover to protect the worker from abrasive dust and small debris. For this, metal is suitable, 2.0-2.5 mm thick in the form of a strip folded into a half ring. In addition, it will be necessary to manufacture a handpiece to ensure the emphasis of the workpieces.
Turning an electric motor from a washing machine into a generator
Many home craftsmen are engaged in the manufacture of home-made generators using electric motors from household appliances, including washing machines. This task is associated with certain difficulties, primarily of a technical nature. Without fail, you will need the services of a qualified turner already at the first stage of work.
First of all, it is necessary to disassemble the asynchronous motor removed from the faulty washing machine. Then the core falls into the hands of a turner, who removes a layer of the element on the machine, 2 mm deep. Then, grooves are cut in the core to a depth of 5 mm, into which neodymium magnets will be inserted. Grooves are recommended to be made after the acquisition of magnets, when their dimensions become known.
After completing all the work, it is necessary to fix neodymium magnets on the core. For this purpose, a template is made of tin or other thin metal. Its dimensions must match the dimensions of the core and the width of the grooves, and it must exactly fit into the place where the magnets are installed. The magnets are located on the core at the same distance between themselves and are fixed with glue. In addition to distance, the angle of inclination of each element is of great importance. Deviations from the standard dimensions can cause sticking, as a result of which the generator power is noticeably reduced.
Cold welding is used to fill the gaps between the magnets. Finally, the surface of the rotor is polished with sandpaper, after which the complete assembly of the device is performed.
The assembled generator must be tested. For this purpose, you will need a small battery, a rectifier, a multimeter and a charge controller. Connection occurs according to a certain scheme. The charge controller is connected to the two windings of the generator through a rectifier. Then the controller and the multimeter must be connected to the battery.
For a normal check, it is necessary to ensure the rotation of the rotor of the electric motor. This operation cannot be performed manually, so you should use a drill or screwdriver. The tool is connected to the motor rotor, after which rotation begins at a speed of approximately 800-1000 rpm. With a high-quality assembly of the generator, the output voltage is 220-300 V. A lower voltage indicates a poor-quality assembly of the rotor.
After assembly and testing, the generator can be used. This will require the expenditure of energy required to rotate the rotor. You can connect to a small internal combustion engine, such as a chainsaw or motorcycle. However, this method requires the purchase of an energy carrier. Therefore, other options are recommended, relatively inexpensive and environmentally friendly, associated with the use of wind or water energy.
All home craftsmen must remember that the electric motor from the washing machine can be converted into a generator with a power of not more than 5 kW. Typically, such devices give out an average of 2 kW, sufficient for 1-2 rooms or baths. So completely replacing the electrical network with a homemade generator will not work.
Lathe from the engine from the washing machine
The engine from the washing machine is ideal for making a small wood lathe. The basis of the design is a frame, which can be made of a corner, shaped pipes and other improvised materials. Frame dimensions are within 100 x 20 cm, with possible deviations in one direction or another.
The electric motor is quite suitable from an old washing machine, perhaps even from Soviet times. For example, the Vyatka machine was equipped with an asynchronous motor with two speeds of 400 and 3000 rpm. The connection can be made according to all known schemes, including using a capacitor.
The system of fastening the engine to the frame is carried out individually. Most importantly, the motor axis should be aligned parallel to the supporting structure. This can be done using washers, which, if necessary, are placed at the fulcrum. The headstock is fixed on the motor pulley. The tailstock and guides are also made from improvised means. The axis of the tailstock must be parallel to the frame and the headstock, that is, it must be centered.
An important detail is the hand rest, which acts as a support for the cutting tool. It is necessary to ensure its movement along and across the frame, as well as reliable fixation during operation.
Wood splitter motor
The basis of the design, as in the lathe, is the bed. It is made of a metal profile or a square. The resulting site will consist of two zones - power and working. The power side is designed to install an electric motor. It must be securely fastened, since the main load falls on it.
The engine control unit is located in the same area. A dielectric plate is provided for the placement of electrical components, and they themselves should, if possible, be placed in a plastic case. The working area is made in the form of a table. The material used is steel sheet, 2-3 mm thick. On the border, conditionally dividing both zones, a pedestal is mounted, on which the shaft of the cleaver-cone is fixed. This part must not be mounted directly on the motor shaft.
The cone shaft is equipped with its own bearing support. In order to compensate for jerks and create torque, it is recommended to install a flywheel on the shaft.
After assembling the entire structure, you can start connecting the electric motor. The most commonly used are asynchronous motors. In older units of this type, a separate winding is provided for starting. To determine it on the engine, you need to use a tester to measure the resistance on each winding in turn. The desired winding will have a higher resistance. It is directly involved in the creation of the primary torque in the right direction. If it is necessary to change the direction of rotation of the shaft, the connection points of the starting winding are reversed.
Modern electric motors start much easier. You can use a regular household machine to turn it on and off.
Washing machine concrete mixer
A concrete mixer is necessary on the farm, especially in private and country houses. However, concrete mixers are quite expensive, so one of the solutions to the problem would be to make a concrete mixer from improvised means. A washing machine is best suited, and not only the electric motor, but also the body itself.
The base must be reliable so that the container does not wobble during rotation. The duration of the operation of the unit depends entirely on this. An unstable base can lead to a drop in capacity and failure of other elements. The most suitable is a metal structure. If desired, it can be equipped with wheels. All parts and details are interconnected by means of bolts or welding. To install the electric motor, it is necessary to provide special shelves with holes for mounting. A gearbox is also mounted on the same shelf, the pulley of which must be in the same plane with the engine pulley. Otherwise, the motor will experience overload.
Turning the homemade concrete mixer on and off is done using a package switch. In most cases, a capacitor is present in the switching circuit. Thus, thinking about what kind of homemade products from a washing machine engine can be made, any home craftsman will in practice make the device that is most needed in the household.
One of the common causes leading to the failure of the Vyatka-automatic washing machine is the failure of the motor winding (EM) in the drive of the command device. In repair shops, such a malfunction is usually eliminated by replacing it. Moreover, they prefer to deal not with updating a burned-out cheap winding, and not even with a “moping” electric motor, but with an expensive command apparatus (KA), in which all this is located as a “monolith” that cannot be disassembled.
The complex unit is replaced entirely, no one cares about the financial costs of the client. It is not surprising that the owner of a damaged washing machine seeks to repair it on his own, regardless of time or lack of experience.
But L1, which only needs to be rewound, is nothing more than a coil (Fig. 1a) of a multi-pole electromagnet mounted on an axis and being the rotor of an electric motor. Other complicating factors should also be taken into account. In particular, the fact that there is a gear at the end of the rotor. Of course, the ED also has a stator - a kind, stamped one. The electric motor is attached to the command device (Fig. 1b) with three pins that enter the holes in the spacecraft body and are slightly flared from the back side.
1 - coil frame; 2 - winding; 3 - output (2 pcs.); 4 - electric motor; 5 - body of the command apparatus; 6 - axis of the program selection knob; sizes d, D and H - according to the specific model of the washing machine
When disassembling this unit, make sure that the current-carrying wires are not disconnected from the terminals. The above precaution is dictated not only and not so much by the troublesomeness of restoring inadvertently opened contacts, but by the difficulties of finding the disconnected terminals themselves.
Before removing the EM case, it is advisable to apply control marks on it and on the KA case, which will subsequently allow you to correctly assemble the entire structure with a new L1 wound independently. By inserting a screwdriver into the gap between the disconnected nodes and slightly pressing on it, you can separate the engine from the command device and get the burned-out winding. But this must be done carefully so as not to lose the overrunning clutch - a small plastic part located between the ED housing and the anchor.
The biggest inconvenience is that the winding is filled with plastic. And you need to put a lot of effort in order to remove all unnecessary, to save the frame itself with minimal damage.
If this fails, then it will be necessary to glue a new frame according to the dimensions of the old, standard frame (see Fig. 1a). And as a starting material, use a thin getinax or fiberglass. Quite acceptable and dense electrical cardboard - pressboard.
The factory (burnt) coil is wound with a very thin wire. Reproduction is exactly the same, probably meaningless. Moreover, the small thickness of the standard winding wire was most likely the cause of the failure.
A new coil is wound (until the frame is filled) with PETV2-0.14 wire. The conclusions are made sufficiently strong and flexible, for which they use a stranded MGSHV or its analogues. Otherwise, the ends of L1 may break under the influence of strong vibration loads that occur during operation of the washing machine. For the same reason, long, sagging conductors must not be left loose.
Since the resistance of the new L1 is much less than that of the previous one, which had a rating of approximately 10 kOhm, the repaired ED is connected through a current-limiting RC circuit (Fig. 2). The capacitor and resistor are attached (for example, with insulating tape) to the wiring harness suitable for the command device. This is done taking into account the necessary vibration resistance and mechanical strength, characteristic of nodes that are negatively affected by intense vibrations during operation. Particular attention is paid to ensuring the proper reliability of electrical connections.
We have to take into account other "nuances". In particular, that the pins of the EM housing are slightly filed before assembly, and after that they are riveted to provide the necessary strength to the former “monolith”: the engine-commander. Of course, we must not forget about the timely installation of the overrunning clutch in place.
A self-repaired engine works just as well as a new one, ensuring the normal functioning of the command apparatus and the entire washing machine.
In addition to the burnout of the EM winding of the command device drive, another very tricky malfunction occurs at the Vyatka-automatic machine: if the sensor fails, the temperature switch starts to boil water in the tank intensively. As a result, the front panel and a number of other parts of the washing machine made of not very heat-resistant plastic are deformed and fail.
The emerging emergency situation is exacerbated by a powerful heater. The 10-ampere current consumed by it is switched directly by the sensor - the temperature relay TNZ type DRT-6-90. Perhaps the latter is designed for such a load, but it seems that it does not have any reserve stock. Operation in an extremely heavy current mode leads to sintering of the sensor contacts, and the heater does not turn off when the water reaches a temperature of 90 °C. Hence the unacceptable overheating of the tank along with its contents. In addition, the contacts of the command apparatus itself become unreliable.
These troubles can be avoided by changing the heater connection scheme by introducing a triac VS1 into it (Fig. 4a). Since significant power is dissipated during operation on the latter, it must be installed on a radiator with a heat-radiating surface of about 500 cm 2. It is advisable to choose the triac itself with a margin of current and maximum operating voltage, because it will have to work under a fairly tough temperature regime, when the environment often warms up to 90 ° C. In addition to TS122-20 (TS122-25) indicated on the circuit diagram, less powerful semiconductor devices can also be considered quite acceptable here. For example, TC112-16 triacs of groups 7 (12).
In any case, the triac is mounted on a radiator, which is screwed with two M5 screws to a plate of 4 mm fiberglass. And that, in turn, is mounted on the bracket (holder) of the main engine. Accordingly, two M6 holes are made in the holder for this (Fig. 4b). The radiator is reliably isolated from the engine housing. And this is important, because the voltage between the case and the radiator can reach up to 220 V.
1 - bracket of the main engine; 2 - screw M6 (2 pcs.); 3 - insulating board (glass fiber s4); 4 - screw M5 (2 pcs.); 5 - radiator; 5 - triac
An additional 510 ohm resistor has a power of 2 watts. For its desoldering, special racks are provided, fixed on a dielectric plate.
The entire structure must be designed to work in conditions of high vibration and temperatures reaching up to 90 ° C when boiling laundry. Requirements for connecting conductors: cross-section (in terms of copper) - not less than 1.5 mm2, fastening - strong, tightening in the terminals - reliable, ensuring proper electrical contact.
A washing machine with such an improvement (Fig. 5) outwardly does not differ from its standard counterparts. It has worked for me reliably for more than seven years now.
V. SHERBATIUK, Minsk
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