What is armored belt construction. Armopoyas on aerated concrete: we build with our own hands. Tasks solved by the device of armored belts

29.06.2020

Various materials are used to build a house, which have their own functional features. One of the options for building materials are aerated concrete blocks. The material has enough advantages, but at certain stages and places of installation it needs to be strengthened. An auxiliary element in the process is the construction of a reinforced concrete belt.

What is an armored belt?

- this is a closed structural element of a structure made of monolithic reinforced concrete, which exactly repeats the contours of the building around the entire perimeter. It can be used both for load-bearing walls and for interior walls. The reinforcing belt has other names, such as seismic and unloading.

What is it needed for?

Increases the level of resistance of the walls of the building from the harmful atmospheric effects.
Aerated concrete blocks under roof pressure can undergo some degree of deformation from strong pressure on them, and the armored belt gives rigidity to the entire structure.
In cases of building a house on a site with loose soil or in a seismically hazardous area, the walls may crack due to uneven shrinkage of the foundation. The unloading belt promotes uniform shrinkage.
The blocks have a fragile structure and during the arrangement of the roof it is not recommended to attach the beam to them with anchors, because the point load exceeds the stability indicators. A qualitative basis for this is an armored belt.

What does it represent?

The structural element of the building is the armo-belt, which is a metal frame (in the form of various geometric shapes - a parallelepiped, a square), filled with concrete or an adhesive mixture. After the concrete has completely hardened, the structure becomes a monolithic formation with a base (aerated concrete blocks) and allows further construction work to be carried out.

Methods for arranging an armored belt

The most common way of constructing a reinforcing belt is fixed directly to the walls of the building.
The formwork for the reinforced concrete belt can be special U-shaped aerated concrete forms, in which the process of building the frame and pouring concrete does not differ from the method using wooden boards. On the one hand, it is fast and convenient, but on the other hand, it is very expensive.
The reinforcing belt can also be performed with the help, but using a reinforcing mesh as a rigid fastening.

Types of armored belt

For each stage of the construction of a building, there is a type of reinforcing belt - it all depends on the need for their use:

Foundation belt ().
Socle belt (seismic).
Intermediate belt.
The main belt for the construction of the roof, for fastening.

Necessary materials and tools

Instruments:

Concrete mixer.
Wooden boards and nails.
Shovel - bayonet and "worm".
Hand saw or electric jigsaw.
A hammer.
Welding machine and electrodes.
Pliers.
Building level.

Materials:

Sand.
Cement brand M400-500.
screening.
Metal rods with a diameter of 10-12mm.
Wire for knitting (elastic).

Installation of armored belt on aerated concrete

The construction of a reinforcing belt is not at all an easy process and requires certain skills. It is necessary to take into account all the parameters and choose the right materials. It consists of several stages:

Formwork construction.
Fabrication and installation of reinforcing cage.
Pouring concrete.

Detailed walkthrough

Formwork construction

For the construction of wooden formwork, wooden boards of various widths will be required, but with a thickness of at least 20 mm, in order to prevent the possible bursting effect in knotty places. If possible, you can use wooden shields.
The lower part of the boards is attached directly to the aerated concrete blocks. Long nails (150-180mm) can be hammered through the boards or self-tapping screws can be screwed.
The following boards are fastened to the original base by connecting them together with an edged board from the outside along the length (perpendicular).
Identical joints of boards occur on the outer and inner sides of the walls around the entire perimeter.
During the construction of the formwork, it is necessary to constantly check the level of the upper plane of the boards, because this is the boundary for the future concrete mixture. The differences in the plane relative to the zero mark from the level threaten with additional construction work.
To prevent the parallel planes of the wooden formwork from spreading in different directions from the concrete pressure during the pouring of concrete, jumpers are installed between them. Jumpers should have a pitch - 800-1000mm.

Fabrication and installation of reinforcing cage

It should be noted that the construction of the metal frame takes place directly in the formwork, because it is impossible to place the frame, assembled, because of the partitions and the significant weight of the structure itself.
So that the frame is in a “suspended” state and its elements do not adjoin the aerated concrete blocks, the remains of bricks or other construction debris are placed under it.
The calculation of the side elements of the metal frame (stiffening rods) assumes an indent from the formwork of 50 mm on each side.
To start the process, two long metal bars are laid parallel to the bottom of the formwork, and constrictions (connectors) are welded between them. If a welding machine is not used, the joining points are pulled together with a dressing wire.
Bars are welded or tied perpendicularly to the created “ladder” base. To create a full-fledged reinforcing "cage" - the upper part is attached to the bars in a similar way with the lower version.
Along the entire length of the frame and especially at the corners of the building, the reinforcement should be strengthened with additional adjoining rods. The more jumpers and additional elements in the frame, the better.

Pouring metal frame with concrete

Before starting the pouring of the constructed frame, it is necessary to make sure that the capabilities of the concrete mixer, the amount of materials for concrete are sufficient so that there are no gaps. After all, the main condition for creating a high-quality belt is the continuity of the supply (pouring) of concrete. If the process corresponds to the technology, cracks will never appear in the armored belt and the integrity of the structure is guaranteed.

Components of concrete:

Cement M400-500.
Sand.
Fractional screening (5×6 or 5×7mm).
The ratio of proportions is 1:3:5 and plus water in the required amount.

The prepared solution is gradually poured into the formwork and to prevent the formation of "air cushions" on the surface, it is necessary to walk with a hand tool - a vibrating plate. With its help, the concrete mixture will penetrate into all areas of the formwork.

The poured formwork with concrete cannot be dismantled in the first two days (natural bonding of the mixture). After the deadline has passed, dismantling is necessary, but it is impossible to proceed with further work, because the final strength of the armored belt is achieved 15-20 days after pouring.

Modern prices

1 linear meter of rod (12mm) - 80-100 rubles.
Dressing wire (100m) - 250-300 rubles.
Sand (1000 kg) - 800 rubles.
Elimination (1000 kg) - 1700 rubles.
Cement (50kg) - 450-500 rubles.

In accordance with the current exchange rates of the ruble - prices may vary and rates are relative. It is also necessary to take into account that if the work is carried out by hiring specialized workers, it should be added to the total estimate for the purchase of materials - + 45-50% on their wages.

Dimensions / thickness of armored belt

In accordance with established standards, the thickness of the belt corresponds to the width of the wall of the building being erected (30-60 cm). The height of the belt can be different, but the master builders recommend 25-35cm.

Changes in the overall dimensions are quite acceptable, because the buildings have different characteristics, and only the armored belt can guarantee the strength of the walls.

Aerated concrete without armored belt

In 95%, it is not recommended to erect buildings without reinforcing their walls with a reinforcing belt, because the service life is reduced significantly. At the slightest fluctuations caused by soil shrinkage or natural phenomena, the buildings are slightly deformed and give cracks in the walls (this is a draft).

What to replace?

Given the fact that the reinforced concrete structure (armor belt) is a rather expensive structural element in the construction of a house, it can be replaced with a less cheap brick. As a rule, it is used which during the masonry process performs two functions - giving an aesthetic appearance and reinforcing aerated concrete blocks.

How to replace?

Instead of a reinforced concrete structure, brickwork can be used. In this process, the quality of the brick does not matter, because in the future its surface will be ennobled - plastered.

The armored belt is carried out as usual, but with one addition - a metal mesh (0.5-07mm) is laid between the rows. In this way, the possibility of the slightest movement (deformation) between the bricks is prevented. This method may be 70% equivalent to a real armored belt, but it will give confidence.

It is not recommended to carry out the work of pouring the concrete layer at temperatures below -5-10°C.
All work must be carried out by master builders, and not by “shabashniks”.
It is necessary to monitor the quality of materials and their compliance with GOST (provided standards from the manufacturer).

Conclusion

Building a house from aerated concrete blocks - ALWAYS should be equipped with an armored belt, and in some cases more than one. This belt will preserve the integrity of the building for a long time.

The armored belt is a monolithic reinforced concrete structure that runs along the perimeter of the entire building in order to increase the resistance of the structure to external and internal loads. It can be house shrinkage, natural phenomena, interior decoration and much more that causes wall deformation. An armored belt for aerated concrete is usually installed between floors under floor beams and directly under the roof, this is necessary so that the walls can withstand the weight of the roof and cracks do not form.

It is considered mandatory when building a house from aerated concrete blocks, several reasons contribute to this:

During the construction of the roof truss structure, anchors and studs are used to attach the Mauerlat to the wall. This results in a point load that aerated concrete cannot withstand.
If you lay the beams of the truss system directly on aerated concrete, without creating a reinforced belt, then this can lead to many problems. If there is the slightest deviation in the level of the roof, cracks will appear.
The seismic belt is a rigid frame that also distributes the load on the entire house evenly. This is important when hanging rafters are used in the rafter system.

To make the design strong and durable, the unloading belt must be done consistently, while observing many rules.

Materials, tools, sequence of work

To create such a device, you will need the following materials:

Water.
Gas blocks, for example.
Boards.
Fittings.
A rock.
Concrete mix.
Net.
Shards of brick or rubble.
Insulation.
Wall chasers, electric and manual.
Widths.
Equipment for aerated concrete.

You will also need the following tools:

Roulette.
Self-tapping screws.
Mallet.
Anchor bolts or studs.
Vibration machine.
Concrete mixer.
Toothed trowel.
Level.
Spacers, fasteners.

First you need to make an accurate calculation. Usually, the thickness of the seismic belt is equal to or narrower than the wall, and the height is 30 cm. Depending on the size of the house and the load, the diameter of the reinforcement and its required amount are calculated.

formwork

To fill the structure with concrete, a removable formwork must be made, most often it is made of boards with a thickness of 2 cm or more. U-blocks, bricks are also suitable, but we will focus on the classic version.

Reinforcement is placed and fastened into the formwork, which is poured with concrete mortar, it is easy to prepare it yourself using a concrete mixer, because a large amount of mortar will be needed.

To equip the formwork, knitting wire and spacers are usually used, which are made of wood 15 cm long. The simplest version of the formwork is a frame made of boards. They are spliced together from the outside with pieces of wood. From above, the box must be coupled with transverse ties so that it can withstand pouring concrete and not collapse. The lower part of the entire wooden structure must be screwed to the wall with self-tapping screws. As a result of all the work, a niche should remain, which is filled with insulation. This is necessary so that heat loss through the unloading belt is minimal.

Reinforcing cage

The frame is equipped in several ways: a pair of rods or four (then it will look like a square in cross section). You can calculate this based on what the load will be. If there are no heavy concrete floor blocks in the building, then two rods may be enough. It is not recommended to use welding for fastening reinforcement. It is best to tie it with a special wire right in the formwork. You can do this in advance, but it will be problematic to raise such an assembled structure. The frame must be placed exactly, this is checked using a level. It is important that the reinforcement is at least 5 cm away from the formwork walls.

The correct filling of the unloading belt is of great importance, it is monolithic, so it must be filled in at a time. Many order ready-made concrete, but it must have a grade of at least M200. When making the solution yourself, you need to mix crushed stone, sand and cement, in a ratio of 5:3:1, and bring the solution to the desired consistency by adding water, it is best to rent a concrete mixer.

The most important thing is that concrete is poured only once, you can not pour several layers. If it is not possible to prepare the required amount of solution immediately, then vertical cut-offs are set. When the next portion is ready for pouring, the partition is removed, and the junction should be moistened with plenty of water.

To remove voids that could form inside the mixture in the formwork, the bayonet method is usually used - pierce the solution several times with a piece of reinforcement. When everything is done, you need to wait 3-4 days, and disassemble the formwork.
In order to quickly and efficiently create an armored belt, the main thing is to understand how to properly reinforce. Everything can be done within a few days, to a greater extent it depends on the professionalism and the number of workers. Reinforcement of walls made of aerated concrete blocks is sometimes mandatory; without a monolithic belt, the structure can quickly collapse.

The armored belt in a house made of aerated concrete, brick (other block materials) during construction serves as additional protection for walls and other load-bearing structures from deformation and movement. In other words, this belt is nothing more than a reinforced concrete structure designed to strengthen the walls and foundations of the house from various loads that arise under the influence of both external and internal factors. External factors include the impact of wind, ground movements, the features of the site relief and, of course, the seismic activity of the earth. Internal factors include the redistribution of load from load-bearing elements, the connection of columnar elements (foundation), the installation of additional fasteners and structures.

For a more detailed study of the issue, we will consider the process of installing an armored belt using the example of a house made of aerated concrete. However, this technology is applicable to other types of houses, where the walls can be made of bricks, expanded clay blocks and any other block materials. But, first of all, we will determine the factors acting on the walls and figure out why an armored belt is needed in this or that case.

Why do you need an armored belt in the house

To understand the principle of operation of a reinforcing protective structure, consider it as part of building a house. Any stone or block material works better in compression than in tension. Tensile and torsion loads can arise both as a result of the settlement of the building, when the soil is heaving at the foundation, and for other reasons. It can also be caused by incorrect calculation of the bearing capacity, as a result of which the walls in various areas will receive both compressive and more critical tensile loads. These masonry sections may not be structurally ready for them. As a result, the walls will crack. By adding reinforcement with concrete at the top of the masonry between floors, we will additionally protect the walls from destruction.

Take for example a house made of aerated concrete and consider the scheme. In the lower part, it is almost always performed, which is still the same protective belt. Properly executed warping copes well with loads, so at this level there should be no problems. Using an interfloor armored belt, we add reinforcement to the structure that can cope with stresses. At the same time, the wall itself becomes more rigid and conditionally works like an I-beam. The monolithic belt also resists lateral loads from the wind and bursting loads from the roof at times better. In the sum of all these properties, the seismic resistance of the house also increases, which is a mandatory requirement for any residential building in seismic zones. We considered a multi-storey scheme, however, the armored belt is also applicable in a one-story house with or without an attic. In this case, in conjunction with the foundation, a Mauerlat belt is used.

The armored belt also redistributes point loads well. This is especially important for materials that are not ready to work with local point loads - these are gas silicate blocks and other similar materials. Therefore, in a house made of aerated concrete, it is imperative to carry out reinforcement for reinforced concrete floor slabs. A similar principle of redistribution of loads has a wooden base for rafter legs. But, at the same time, in order to qualitatively fix the Mauerlat to a structurally weak wall, an armored belt is needed. The under-roofing belt will increase both the structural rigidity of the walls, and will also solve the issues of fixing the roof structures.

Calculation of the reinforced belt

Armopoyas - the main stages of manufacturing

Rebar frame

The assembly of the frame begins with the installation of reinforcement on the top of the wall. When laying, it is necessary that it subsequently be sunk into concrete at least 40 mm from the outer boundaries of the monolithic belt. When working with aerated concrete, for convenience, control sections of reinforcement can be driven into it. And already to the segments, attach the frame with a given indent from the top of the masonry. To tie the reinforcement together, you will need a soft knitting wire. To set the dimensions of the frame, it is recommended to create a square of four pins or bend it from a solid rod (transverse clamp). These clamps are first of all attached to the segments driven into the wall at a certain interval - as a rule 250-300 millimeters. If you do not drive in the control pins, then you will need special linings - clamps to raise the frame itself. Therefore, consider the feasibility of a particular method. Having completed this work, we proceed to the fastening of the reinforcement.

The lower row of longitudinal reinforcement is wound into frames - clamps and connected with wire. The upper row is attached in the same way (the longitudinal reinforcement must be inside the clamp). As discussed above, the required minimum is two fittings from below and two from above. For additional rigidity, the amount of reinforcement and the frame configuration can be changed. Naturally, this will affect material costs. But if it is necessary, the calculation should not be neglected. We also note that the length of segments or solid squares (transverse clamps) is related to the thickness of the armored belt. For example, the thickness of the belt is 300 millimeters, then the dimensions of the transverse clamps are 220X220 millimeters (taking into account that the height of the belt is also 300 millimeters). That is, we leave indents from the edges of at least 40 millimeters.

formwork

Consider formwork. What options for installing a monolithic belt in a private house can be:

Using factory or homemade U-blocks as formwork.
Formwork from.

Aerated concrete U-blocks are used as a fixed formwork for the installation of reinforced monolithic lintels blocking openings in walls and partitions, as well as for the installation of strapping monolithic reinforced belts that impart spatial rigidity to the entire building and redistribute the load from the ceilings. U-shaped blocks are fixed formwork elements for reinforced concrete. The diameter of the reinforcement and the class of concrete for filling the U-block are selected according to the calculation, depending on the perceived load. When choosing these elements as formwork, consider how the concrete tape is insulated. It is advisable to insulate the unit from the outside, but if this is not possible in certain cases, put the insulation inside (considering the internal factory dimensions, this is not the best option).

With a possible thickness of the outer wall of 375-400 millimeters, it can have the following structure:

Outside - a block with a thickness of 100-150 mm.
Next, in order - we insulate the armored belt to cut off the bridge of cold. Instead of extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of 50-100 mm, mineral wool of increased density, which is used in the "wet facade" technology, can be used.
Armature frame.
On the inside of the wall, blocks with a thickness of 50-100 millimeters are used as fixed formwork. The remaining space is filled with concrete.

The advantages of this type of formwork include the speed of its installation. To strengthen the structure, you can additionally use screeds from bars or fittings connecting the indoor and outdoor units.

It performs several functions: it gives shape to concrete, protects it from spreading and subsequently serves as an excellent insulation.

Advantages of this formwork method:

Ease of formwork assembly. Ready-made blocks are produced, including corner joints.
High installation speed.
The installation of reinforcement is facilitated, because there are special grooves for it.
It is easier to control the dimensions of the concrete tape.
Concrete will harden in the formwork, which will protect it from rapid drying, sudden temperature changes.
Extruded polystyrene foam is a waterproofing material.

It may seem that this technology is very expensive. But if we take into account the cost of insulation, the cost of assembling and dismantling conventional wooden formwork, then the difference becomes insignificant. Alternatively, this formwork can be made not from factory blocks, but independently from expanded polystyrene. But this will be more labor intensive.

For an armo-belt in an aerated concrete house, the most time-consuming to manufacture. At the first stage, you need to make shields from the boards. To do this, put them together and connect them with wooden blocks and nails.

At the second stage, ready-made shields are installed along the perimeter of the future reinforced belt. The concrete mortar will create pressure on the formwork walls, therefore, in order for the formwork not to move apart, it is necessary to fasten the entire structure with clamps.

pouring concrete

In general, this stage should not cause difficulties. The only inconvenience is the delivery of concrete to the very top of the wall. The quality of concrete should not be lower. With self-production of mortar using cement grade M-500, the following proportion will help - a bucket of cement / three buckets of sand / five buckets of rubble. It is recommended to use thick concrete - so it does not put much pressure on the formwork. It should not be forgotten that the concrete must be properly compacted. Bay concrete, cover it with a film. Thus, you will reduce the evaporation of moisture. It usually takes about two days for the concrete to fully set, after which the formwork can be removed (provided that it is collapsible).

Video: armored belt in aerated concrete house

This video demonstrates the installation of a Mauerlat reinforced belt on aerated concrete walls. The formwork in this case is made of plank boards. When viewing, pay particular attention to the rebar connections at the corners. It is better to additionally connect the studs for fixing the roof with the frame reinforcement and not waste energy on useless reinforcement in a fragile gas silicate block.

As a conclusion, we note that the armored belt in a house made of aerated concrete and any other block material is waterproofed before further stages of work. Whether or not it makes sense is up to you. Naturally, considering the foundation belt, it must in any case be covered with insulation, since there is moist soil nearby. With belts above the foundation, with the correct construction of the walls, there should be no moisture in the concrete. But still, it will not be superfluous to separate the Mauerlat belt with waterproofing from the wooden structures of the truss system.

Aerated concrete is a warm material, inexpensive and easy to install. That is why it is considered a very good alternative to brick. However, in terms of strength, blocks made of such material, unfortunately, are significantly inferior to the latter. Therefore, the laying of walls from this material has some of its own nuances. Firstly, it must be made on a very reliable foundation, and secondly, during construction, the evenness of the structure should be carefully checked. The third condition for the reliability of aerated concrete walls is the device from above around the entire perimeter of the reinforced concrete armored belt. We will talk about it in this article.

Design purpose

An armored belt is poured for aerated concrete specifically in order to prevent cracking of the walls under the pressure of the roof. In addition, this design is used for more reliable fastening of the Mauerlat. One disadvantage of aerated concrete is that it doesn't hold fasteners very well. Of course, it is necessary to arrange an armored belt, strictly adhering to the prescribed technology.

Device methods

You can make an armo-belt for aerated concrete walls correctly and with your own hands in two ways - using wooden formwork or special additional blocks. The first filling option is technologically more difficult. The construction device using blocks is a very simple procedure, but it will cost more.

How to make an armored belt using formwork?

With this method of constructing a reinforcing structure, it will be necessary to prepare the following materials:

Material	Characteristics	What is it needed for
Edged board	Thickness minimum 2.5cm	Formwork manufacturing
bar	40x40mm	Formwork manufacturing
Nails		Fastening planks to the wall
Wire	Flexible	To stiffen the formwork structure
Styrofoam	20mm	Armo-belt insulation

Of the tools you will need a drill and a hacksaw

The height of the armored belt is usually 40 cm. Therefore, each side of the formwork will have to be knocked down from two boards 20 cm wide. Instead of boards, you can also use thick plywood.

Important: Formwork must be installed immediately around the entire perimeter of the wall. Horizontal joints in concrete should not be.

They fasten the formwork panels to the walls with self-tapping screws, or simply nail the elements with long nails. From above, between the shields, spacers from a 40x40 beam are installed, spacers of the same length are cut out, equal to the width of the armored belt. Install them between the shields with a step of 1.5 meters. In order for the armored belt on aerated concrete to turn out to be absolutely even, rigidity should be given to the structure. To do this, the opposite bars that fasten the shields (they should protrude about 20 cm above the surface) are intercepted with wire and twisted with an iron rod, pressing the walls tightly against the spacers.

Tip: From the inside of the house, the formwork shield (from the inside) can be laid with expanded polystyrene sheets. Concrete has a much higher degree of thermal conductivity than aerated concrete, and therefore, without insulation, the armored belt will become a cold bridge, which will worsen the performance of the building. After pouring the armo-belt and removing the formwork shield, the expanded polystyrene can be fixed to the concrete with dowels-"fungi" or in some other way.

fill

An armored belt is being arranged for a building made of aerated concrete with its mandatory reinforcement. To give the structure greater reliability, a 12mm rod is used. The frame from it is connected with a knitting wire. Welding is not allowed, as the metal inside the concrete will quickly begin to rust.

The frame is installed inside the formwork on 30mm blocks or special plastic stands. The filling itself must be done at a time. If this cannot be done, a layer is first poured around the entire perimeter of the formwork without interruption. The next one will need to be filled no later than 12 hours later.

Armo-belt device using blocks

With this installation of the armo-belt, everything is extremely simple. Blocks are installed on the walls in the usual way. Further, their central empty part is reinforced and also poured with concrete.

Well, we hope that now you understand how to make an armored belt for aerated concrete. This design is mandatory for houses of this type. It is not difficult to fill it, as you can see, while the walls will turn out to be much more reliable and durable.

Video on the topic "How to make an armored belt for aerated concrete with your own hands":

Remove the steel hoops from the wooden barrel and it will fall apart. Remove the reinforced belt from the house and the building will not stand for long. This is a simplified, but very clear explanation of the need to strengthen the walls. Anyone who is going to build a solid house will benefit from information about the purpose, types and arrangement of armored belts.

What is this design and what functions does it perform? Armopoyas - a tape made of monolithic reinforced concrete, which is laid on several levels of a building under construction.

The reinforced belt is poured in the foundation, under the floor slabs and under the mauerlats (rafter support beams).

This amplification method performs four important functions:

Increases the spatial rigidity of the building.
Protects the foundation and walls from cracks caused by uneven settlement and frost heaving of the soil.
Does not allow heavy floor slabs to push through fragile gas and foam concrete.
Reliably connects the roof truss system with walls made of lightweight blocks.

The main material for increasing the rigidity of the walls was and remains reinforced concrete. For small outbuildings, you can use a less powerful brick armored belt. It is 4-5 rows of brickwork, the width of which is equal to the width of the bearing wall. In the seam of each row, a grid with a cell of 30-40 mm made of steel wire with a diameter of 4-5 mm is laid on the solution.

In what cases is an armored belt needed?

for walls

Strengthening the walls with a reinforced belt is not always required. Therefore, there is no need to waste money on its device in the following cases:

under the sole of the foundation lies a solid soil (rocky, coarse or coarse sand, not saturated with water);
the walls are built of brick;
a one-story house is being built, which is covered with wooden beams, and not reinforced concrete panels.

If weak soils (pulverized sand, loam, clay, loess, peat) lie on the site, then the answer to the question of whether a reinforcing belt is needed is obvious. You can not do without it in the case when the walls are built from expanded clay concrete or cellular blocks (foam or aerated concrete).

These are fragile materials. They do not withstand ground movements and point loads from interfloor floor slabs. The armored belt eliminates the risk of wall deformation and evenly distributes the load from the plates to the blocks.

For (the wall thickness is not less than 30 cm, and the strength grade is not lower than B2.5), the armored belt is not needed.

For Mauerlat

The wooden beam on which the rafters rest is called the Mauerlat. She cannot push through the foam block, so it may seem to someone that an armored belt is not needed under her. However, the correct answer to this question depends on the material from which the house is built. Mauerlat fastening without armored belt is allowed for brick walls. They securely hold the anchors with which the Mauerlat is attached to them.

If we are dealing with light blocks, then the armored belt will have to be poured. B, and anchor fastenings cannot be securely fixed. Therefore, a very strong wind can tear off the Mauerlat from the wall along with the roof.

For foundation

Here the approach to the amplification problem does not change. If the foundation will be assembled from FBS blocks, then the armored belt is definitely necessary. Moreover, it must be done at two levels: at the level of the sole (base) of the foundation and at its upper cut. This solution will protect the structure from intense loads that occur during the rise and settlement of the soil.

For reinforced concrete strip foundations, reinforcement with a reinforced belt is also required, at least at the level of the sole. Rubble concrete is an economical, but not resistant to soil movement material, so it needs reinforcement. But the monolithic "tape" does not need an armored belt, since its basis is a steel three-dimensional frame.

There is no need for a device of this design for a solid foundation slab, which is poured under buildings on soft soils.

Under what types of interfloor ceilings do you need an armored belt?

Under the panels, which are based on expanded clay concrete blocks, gas or foam concrete, a reinforced belt must be made without fail.

Under a monolithic reinforced concrete floor, it can not be poured, since it evenly transfers the load to the walls and firmly binds them into a single spatial structure.

An armored belt for a wooden floor, which is based on light blocks (aerated concrete, expanded clay, foam concrete) is not required. In this case, under the beams, it will be enough to fill in the support pads of concrete 4-6 cm thick to eliminate the risk of punching blocks.

Someone may object to us, pointing to a number of cases when the armored belt is poured under the wooden floor of the floor. However, in this case, reinforcement is required not because the wooden beams on concrete pads are able to push through the masonry, but to increase the spatial rigidity of the building box.

How to make an armored belt?

The technology for constructing a reinforced stiffening belt is no different from the method of pouring a monolithic foundation.

In general, it consists of three operations:

Reinforcing cage manufacturing;
Formwork installation;
Pouring concrete.

Certain subtleties and nuances in the work appear depending on the location of the armored belt.

Reinforced belt under the foundation

Answering the question of how to make a reinforced belt under the foundation (level 1), let's say that its width should be 30-40 cm more than the width of the supporting part of the main concrete "tape". This will significantly reduce the pressure of the building on the ground. Depending on the number of storeys of the house, the thickness of such a stiffening belt can be from 40 to 50 cm.

The reinforced belt of the first level is made under all the load-bearing walls of the building, and not just under the outer ones. The frame for it is made by knitting reinforcing clamps. Welding is used only for preliminary connection (tack) of the main reinforcement into a common spatial structure.

Armoias of the second level (on the foundation)

This design is essentially a continuation of the strip foundation (rubber concrete, block). To reinforce it, it is enough to use 4 rods with a diameter of 14-18 mm, connecting them with clamps with a diameter of 6-8 mm.

If the main foundation is, then there are no problems with installing formwork under the armored belt. To do this, you need to leave free space in it (20-30 cm) for installing the reinforcing cage, taking into account the protective layer of concrete (3-4 cm).

With the situation is more complicated, since the formwork is not set for them. In this case, wooden spacers should be used, which support the formwork panels from below. Before installation on the shields, trimmings of boards are stuffed, which protrude beyond the dimensions of the formwork by 20-30 cm and do not allow the structure to move to the right or left. To connect the formwork panels, short cross bars are nailed along the top of the boards.

You can simplify the mounting system by using threaded studs. They are placed in pairs in formwork panels at a distance of 50-60 cm. By tightening the studs with nuts, we get a sufficiently strong and stable structure for pouring concrete without wooden supports and crossbars.

This system is also suitable for formwork, which requires an armored belt for floor slabs.

Studs that will be filled with concrete should be wrapped in glassine or a little machine oil should be applied to them. This will make it easier to remove them from the concrete after it has hardened.

Armopoyas for floor slabs

Ideally, its width should be equal to the width of the wall. This can be done in the case when the facade will be completely lined with slab insulation. If it is decided to use only plaster mortar for decoration, then the width of the armored belt will have to be reduced by 4-5 centimeters in order to leave room for foam or mineral wool. Otherwise, a through cold bridge of very solid dimensions will appear in the zone of laying the stiffening belt.

When making an armored belt on aerated concrete, you can use another solution. It consists in installing two thin blocks along the edges of the masonry. A steel frame is placed in the space between them and concrete is poured. The blocks act as formwork and insulate the belt.

If the thickness of the aerated concrete wall is 40 cm, then partition blocks 10 cm thick can be used for this purpose.

With a smaller wall thickness, you can cut out a cavity for an armored belt in a standard masonry block with your own hands or buy a ready-made aerated concrete U-block.

Reinforced belt under Mauerlat

The main feature that distinguishes the armo-belt under the Mauerlat from other types of reinforcement is the presence of anchor studs in it. With their help, the beam is firmly fixed to the wall without the risk of tearing or shifting under the action of wind loads.

The width and height of the reinforcing cage must be such that, after the structure is monolithic, at least 3-4 cm of the concrete protective layer remains on all sides between the metal and the outer surface of the belt.

04.06.2018

Question: What is a reinforced reinforcing belt and its device

In our time, all building technologies are mainly aimed at ensuring maximum stability of the buildings under construction and at increasing the service life. After all, construction projects are exposed to the enormous impact of natural factors. Therefore, the structures of buildings must be strengthened properly. One of these fortifications is the armored belt.

Armopoyas - what is it

Armopoyas is a monolithic reinforced concrete contour, which is placed on all the main walls of the building, linking them into a single frame.

The main task of the armored belt is to distribute a uniform load on the load-bearing walls of the building and on the foundation.

The reinforced belt is laid at several levels of the building under construction, in the foundation, under the floor slabs and under the mauerlat (beam on which the roof rafters rest).

What functions does the armored belt perform?

There are several reasons that determine the need for an armored belt during the construction of a house:

Increase in spatial rigidity - the reinforced belt connects the building structure into one whole and acts as a rigid frame, due to which the building receives additional resistance against negative factors, wind loads, ground movements, earthquakes;
Uniform distribution of loads - a monolithic belt protects the foundation and walls from cracks and does not allow heavy slabs of attic and interfloor floors to push through fragile aerated concrete and foam concrete;
Implementation of openings - a reinforced concrete belt allows you to make openings of any width for doors and windows in the walls without the use of special jumpers;
The connection of the roof truss system with the walls - a monolithic armored belt provides a rigid and reliable fastening for the installation of the roof truss system, it is especially important when the walls of the building are lined with light blocks.

Is an armored belt always needed?

Strengthening the house is not always necessary. Consider situations in which the construction of an armored belt can be neglected:

the foundation is located on solid ground: rocky soil, coarse and coarse sand, soil not saturated with water;
the walls of the house will be laid out of brick;
the walls of the house will be built from wood concrete blocks, at least 30 cm thick and with a strength of at least B2.5;
a one-story house is being built, the floors of which will be made of wooden beams, and not of concrete slabs.

In the event that the soil on the site is weak and not very stable, for example, dusty sand, loess, clay, loam or peat, then the construction of an armored belt is mandatory.

The same is true if the walls of the house are built from light and fragile expanded clay concrete, foam concrete or aerated concrete blocks - the answer is obvious, an armored belt is needed! This is because these blocks are not designed for ground movements and point loads emanating from floor slabs.

Armo-belt construction technology

The technique for constructing a monolithic armored belt is similar to the technology for pouring a conventional monolithic foundation:

The frame is knitted and installed from the reinforcement;
Formwork is installed;
Concrete is being poured.

Some additional nuances, subtleties and minor changes in technology depend on the location of the reinforced concrete belt.

Types of armored belt or location zone

Basic unloading armored belt or Base (Level 1 - under the foundation) - great efforts are placed on this structure from the entire mass of the building and the reaction of the soil. The base will be reinforced with a reinforcing cage, repeats the location of the main walls and is concreted when forming the strip foundation.

Socle armored belt (level 2 - above the foundation) - the width of this belt should correspond to the thickness of the walls and proportionally distribute the forces acting on the base.

Armopoyas between floors for floor slabs - this solid reinforced concrete belt is located between the upper level of the walls of the house and the concrete floor slabs located between the floors. Its task is to ensure the immobility of the bearing walls and prevent the appearance of cracks in them. It distributes the load from the interfloor slabs to the contour of the building and reduces the likelihood of deformation of the openings.

Armopoyas of the last floor under the Mauerlat - this reinforced belt is poured after the construction of the last floor and serves as the basis for the Mauerlat. It compensates for the load from the roof itself and additionally from precipitation, snow and wind.

Armopoyas of the first level (under the foundation)

In order to significantly reduce the pressure of the house on the ground, the armored belt for the foundation should be made 30-40 cm wider than the main concrete foundation tape. And its thickness, depending on the number of floors, can vary from 40 cm to 50 cm.

The armored belt of the first level is made under all the load-bearing walls of the building, and not just along the perimeter of the outer walls. The reinforcement cage for it is made exclusively by knitting, and no welding. Welding can only be used when the main reinforcement is previously connected to a common spatial structure.

The diameter of the main reinforcement is 16-20 mm. The diameter of the transverse clamps is from 8 to 10 mm. Step - no more than 20 cm.

It is very important that when pouring concrete into the foundation, the reinforcement cage does not come into contact with the base. The reinforcement must be recessed in the middle. This can be achieved by placing pebbles or halves of bricks under the frame. This will save the metal frame from the corrosion process (rust).

The pouring of the reinforced belt with concrete must be done in one go. This is necessary in order to avoid joints that reduce the strength of the structure.

Armopoyas of the second level (on the foundation)

Before you start building walls on the foundation, you need to fill in the basement reinforced belt. At its core, it is a continuation of the main foundation and serves as an additional reinforcement of the building.

If for knitting a frame for the first level of the arm belt, 8 rods of the main reinforcement were needed, then for knitting a frame for a reinforced belt of the second level, it will be enough to use 4 rods of reinforcement with a diameter of 14 to 18 mm and clamps with a diameter of 6 to 8 mm.

The structure is poured along the perimeter of the building along the outer walls. The average height is from 20 to 40 cm. Concrete for pouring the basement armored belt is M200 or higher.

The reinforced belt of the first level is the basis of the house, and the basement belt is an addition and reinforcement of the bearing capacity of the armored belt for the foundation. Therefore, if the armored belt of the first level was filled with high quality, then the belt of the second level (basement) can be made not so strong.

In general, we can say that the combination of high-quality armored belts of the first and second levels is a guarantee of the reliability and stability of the foundation on any soil.

Armopoyas for floor slabs

If a multi-storey building is being built, then the floor slabs carry out heavy loads on the walls. In order to reduce this load, at the height of the interface, it is also necessary to install a reinforced belt between the wall and the floor slabs. It is poured along the perimeter of the outer walls and has a height of approximately 20 to 40 cm. As for the width of the armored belt, it should preferably be equal to the width of the wall.

The distance between the slab and the belt should not exceed a width of 1-2 bricks. The ideal distance would be 10 to 15 cm.

The knitting of the reinforcing cage for the interfloor belt is carried out in the form of a mesh of two-core reinforcing bars with a thickness of 10 to 12 mm.

If the laying of the walls of the building is made of aerated concrete blocks, then two thin blocks can be set as formwork along the edges and a reinforcing cage can be installed between them and concrete is poured.

For walls 40 cm thick, 10 cm partition blocks can be used as formwork.

If the wall thickness is less than 40 cm, then in a standard aerated concrete block you can cut a gutter yourself to lay a reinforced belt in it. Or buy in advance a special aerated concrete U-block with a ready-made gutter.

Armor belt under Mauerlat

The reinforced belt, which is installed under the roof, provides the possibility of a strong roof fastening (Mauerlat + rafters) and the installation of wooden and concrete floors between the attic and the last floor.

The armo-belt under the Mauerlat, in comparison with other belts, is the smallest in width. This is acceptable since the vertical load that falls on this belt is the smallest.

Mauerlat is attached to the armo-belt using threaded anchor studs, the diameter of which should be from 10 to 16 mm. Depending on the shape of the bolts, they are welded to the reinforcing cage or simply inserted into the concrete and held in it due to the curvature.

In order not to run into difficulties later, the location of the anchor studs and the distance between them must be calculated in advance, so that in the future they will be in the middle between the rafter structures. The main thing is that the rafter legs do not then coincide with the studs. After pouring concrete, the length of the studs should be sufficient to install the Mauerlat on them and fix it with two nuts and a washer, this is approximately the height of the Mauerlat + 4 cm.

Also, in the manufacture of the reinforcing cage, it is necessary to take into account its width and height so that when the concrete is poured, there is at least 3-5 cm between the frame and the outer surface of the concrete.

Reinforced brick belt

In the construction of large houses, especially several storey ones, it is mandatory to make a reinforcing belt strictly from reinforced concrete, but for small outbuildings where powerful reinforcement is not required, the belt is laid out of brick.

The design of the reinforced brick belt consists of 3 to 5 rows of brickwork reinforced with a reinforcing mesh. In the seams of each row of bricks, a steel mesh of wire with a diameter of 4-5 mm is placed on the mortar, with a cell size of approximately 3-4 cm.

The width of the brick belt should be equal to the width of the bearing wall.

Sometimes, in order to strengthen the strength of the structure, bricks are placed not horizontally, but vertically on the ends.

Is it necessary to insulate the armored belt

In terms of thermal insulation, the reinforcing belt does not perform very well and some heat is lost through it in the winter season. Because of this, condensation can form on the inside, which leads to the formation of mold.

To avoid this, during the construction of the armored belt, it must be insulated from the outside with the help of heat-insulating materials.

“And how to insulate the armored belt,” you ask. There are several answers to this question. The most common material is polystyrene foam, but foam plastic and aerated concrete can also be used.

The main thing is that before knitting the reinforcing cage and pouring concrete, you need to take into account and do not forget to leave space (from the outer edge of the wall) for laying insulation.

What brand of concrete is needed for the armored belt

For the manufacture of a reinforced belt for interfloor ceilings and truss systems, the minimum requirement is the use of concrete grade M200 or M250, or higher. The necessary concrete can be bought ready-made or knead it yourself from M400 cement.

In order to make concrete yourself, it is important to know the proportions of the components.

The amount of water in concrete should be minimal, and a plasticizer is used to impart plasticity - an additive that increases the mobility and fluidity of concrete.

As for the water-cement ratio. It should be in the range from 0.5 to 0.7 per unit of cement, in other words, 5 to 7 parts of water should fall on 10 parts of cement.

Excessive water content in concrete adversely affects its performance and makes it less durable.

The cost of filling the armored belt

The cost of an armored belt is always calculated individually for all specific projects. The main parameters of the structure and the materials from which the house will be built are taken into account.

First of all, depending on what the walls of the building are made of, the technology for manufacturing armo-belts for the foundation, for the malueriata (roof) is determined, and if the building has several floors, then for interfloor ceilings.

As a rule, reinforcement belts are required when building a house from lightweight materials, such as aerated concrete, slag concrete, foam concrete, polystyrene concrete, expanded clay concrete and wood concrete. This is because blocks of these materials do not have high strength and are afraid of high seismic activity, unstable soils and point pressure from the roof.

Calculating the cost of pouring an armored belt is a simple task, since houses are almost always different and in each project there are many factors that will affect the final price.

If you seek the services of a private foreman, Mikhail Dolgikh, he will help determine and calculate all the work on the installation of an armored belt for your home.

The cost of pouring a reinforced belt will cost 250 rubles. per running meter.

Trust in professionals

Only professional builders should trust the installation of an arm belt.

When choosing performers of work, pay attention only to highly specialized professionals who have been spinning in their field for several years and are well acquainted with the installation features of this type of structure.

The cost of the work should include the payment of the team, all the machinery and equipment necessary for the construction.

With a qualified construction team, you will be able to make a reliable house structure, and an experienced foreman will help you minimize the time and costs of the estimate.

To find out the price of an armored belt in your home project, contact our specialist using the contacts listed on the site.

Reinforced belt (armopoyas) - a reinforced concrete layer that is laid along the entire perimeter of the building. Armo-belt device with reinforcement and formwork increases the strength of load-bearing walls. This allows you to increase the strength and operational life of the structure. As practice shows, it is practically not subject to destruction even during subsidence of the soil or its shift. Armo-belt is also called seismic belt, reinforced concrete or unloading belt.

Why do you need an armored belt and a support frame

Building materials that are used for construction today have many advantages. However, most of them are characterized by insufficient rigidity and negatively perceive point forces.

Reinforced belt (armopoyas) - a reinforced concrete layer that is laid along the entire perimeter of the building

In order to strengthen buildings made of brick or block materials, you need to know how to make formwork for an armored belt. Most often they resort to this during:

shallow foundation structures;
building a house on a plot with a slope;
the proximity of the building to the reservoir;
construction work on subsiding soil;
construction of structures in seismically active zones.

The production of armored belts is carried out using several technologies: with disposable or removable formwork. Using ready-made fixed formwork blocks, you can quickly assemble a form for pouring concrete. Usually, in this case, blocks of expanded polystyrene are used - this way the formation of cold bridges is excluded.

Disposable and removable formwork can be done by hand. In the latter case, boards are used instead of ready-made blocks - this significantly reduces the cost of construction.

When is an armo-belt device necessary?

Soil shrinkage, wind loads and temperature fluctuations have a significant impact on the condition of the building. In order to make the building invulnerable to negative environmental factors, additional reinforcement will be needed. The seismic belt demonstrates maximum efficiency when building from gas silicate blocks (they are especially vulnerable to bending deformations.)

Reinforcement of the belt with four-bar meshes

Armopoyas takes the main load on itself and contributes to an increase in the life of the structure. You need to use it:

to evenly distribute the load on the building frame;
when attaching the timber to the tops of the walls (the armored belt under the roof prevents the occurrence of excessive vertical loads);
in order to correct mistakes made during laying;
fixing a closed line, which is the basis for fixing the roof;
providing high rigidity of the building.

The formwork for the armored belt also simplifies the process of pouring the foundation, walls, ceilings and other reinforced concrete structures. This system consists of a deck in contact with concrete, scaffolding and fasteners. Formwork is made of various materials:

rolled, sheet steel;
aluminum;
boards, chipboard or plywood;
plastic and its varieties.

Do-it-yourself formwork for the foundation

What is the device of a reinforced belt

For a durable and reliable foundation, a lot of building materials are required. To avoid wasted expenses, experts recommend using a special armored belt calculator. You can find it on thematic sites - you just need to enter the basic parameters of the future foundation. The exact calculation of the armored belt is carried out based on the following data:

tape length;
tape width;
desired foundation height;
number of reinforcement threads;
rebar diameter.

In modern construction, several reinforced belts are used. Each design of the armored belt, presented below, differs in the laying method and purpose. It is recommended to take into account the features of each of them for durable and competent construction:

the first belt (grillage) is poured simultaneously with the strip foundation (concrete is poured into the trench by 300-400 mm) This is the key to the strength of external and capital internal walls;
the second belt is laid on top of foundation blocks 200-400 mm high. Since it distributes the load on the foundation from the whole house, it is important to use reinforcement in the construction of each floor of multi-storey buildings;

The third belt is designed to tie the walls and prevent future cracks.

the third belt is designed to tie the walls and prevent future cracks. Armo-belt formwork device contributes to uniform load distribution over window and door openings - it is laid on top of silicate blocks, under floor slabs;
the armored belt under the roof takes on the entire load from the roof, the negative impact of strong winds and precipitation. It is carried out under the roof beams to strengthen the beam with anchor bolts.

How is the formwork for the armored belt

If you have chosen a more economical formwork method, it is important to install wooden panels in such a way that their position is not disturbed due to concrete pressure.

It is necessary to pass the anchors through the tree and install plugs on them using electric welding. Filling the interfloor armored belt is much faster:

a screw 6 x 100 mm is attached to the bottom of the wooden shield;
the distance between the screws should be about 700 mm;
the shield is applied to the wall, a hole is drilled into which the screw is inserted;
the recommended hole diameter is 6 mm.

The upper part of the formwork is also installed quite simply, according to a similar scheme, but a self-tapping screw is used instead of a screw. A hole is drilled in the brick or seam of the front masonry, into which reinforcement is driven in. Next, the self-tapping screw and fittings are pulled together with a knitting wire. It is necessary to adhere to the distance between the fasteners within 1-1.5 m. After the armored belt has hardened, the formwork can be removed. In the warm season, concrete sets in a day, in winter and autumn it will take more than two days.

Formwork for armored belt under floor slabs

It is important to control the level of the upper edge of the formwork - the differences should not exceed 1 cm. From this point of view, it is more rational to use a formwork of a fixed or combined type.

If you plan to further insulate the facade with foam plastic, a fixed formwork made of polystyrene blocks will become an element of the insulating layer. The only difference between the manufacturing technology of such formwork and removable formwork is in the connection of several parts for the floor armored belt. They should be fastened in such a way that during the hardening of the concrete, the solution does not move them apart.

How to properly fill in the armored belt

The high-quality device of the armo-belt consists in the competent laying of the reinforcing cage and pouring the forms with concrete. The most reliable is a frame made of metal rods (section 8-10 mm), fastened together with wire and horizontally laid in a mold. It is important to fasten the frame with a ring of knitting wire every 50 cm.

In order for the device of the reinforced belt to be as effective as possible, it is necessary to pour the solution so that the entire reinforcement cage is completely immersed in concrete. After pouring, make sure that the metal rods do not come into contact with the formwork: in order to adjust the height, brick fragments or other building material can be placed under the frame. At the final stage, it remains to pour concrete into molds and compact. After he completely "grabs", the forms are disassembled.

Filling the armored belt with concrete

To strengthen the foundation and load-bearing structures of the future building, it is not necessary to have special skills. Using the following recommendations, you will learn how to properly fill in the armored belt so that the building is stable and durable, despite any external negative factors.

under the floor beams it will last much longer if the walls are first leveled and cleaned of the remnants of the concrete solution;
when choosing a material for fixing wooden shields, it is important to use self-tapping screws. They, unlike nails, are quickly removed with a cordless screwdriver;
fiberglass reinforcement is resistant to low temperatures, but at extremely high temperatures the material begins to melt - this must be taken into account when choosing building materials;
when reinforcing brickwork, ensure complete sealing of the joints. Fill the resulting gaps with a thick mortar with the addition of mounting foam or a special film;
it is especially important to carry out the formwork in one step (more information on how to properly reinforce the strip foundation with your own hands can be found on this site);
the main condition for reinforcement is a closed structure. Fortification should not be interrupted in any case;

there are several conflicting opinions about whether foundation reinforcement can be welded. Experts say that the strength and rigidity at the welding joint are somewhat reduced.
it is preferable to use high-quality concrete grade not less than M200;
correct reinforcement of corners implies the fastening of reinforcement only using bent elements;
in a hot period, you need to abundantly moisten the surfaces to be treated with water - this way you will prevent the appearance of cracks in the solidified solution.

In connection with the introduction of advanced technologies and the use of new building materials, the requirements for the stability of buildings and their durability have increased. To strengthen the building structure and increase the strength of the load-bearing external walls, a power belt is made in the upper part of the box in the form of a concrete contour reinforced with reinforcement. Armopoyas evenly distributes the pressure of the roof and transfers the load to the foundation through the walls. The strength properties are affected by the height and thickness of the armored belt, as well as the design features of the reinforcing cage and the brand of concrete.

The design of the armored belt

To smooth out loads from the weight of the roof and interfloor panels, a special reinforced concrete belt is constructed on the end plane of the main walls. It is also performed in the process of pouring a monolithic foundation.

When planning to build a basement, interfloor or foundation reinforced belt, you must perform the following steps:

think over the design features of the reinforced concrete reinforcement circuit;
choose the optimal size of reinforcement and determine the height of the armored belt;
purchase the building materials necessary for the construction of the armored belt.

When determining the design, dimensions and materials used, one should take into account the forces acting at the floor level, as well as the load capacity of the walls, for the manufacture of which porous blocks were used. When using lightweight floor slabs, it is allowed to use a less powerful armored belt. In this case, the width should be equal to the thickness of the walls. Let us dwell in more detail on the design features and dimensions.

In order to increase the strength of the load-bearing external walls, it is necessary to make an armored belt

What is the armored belt made of?

The design of the reinforced belt is regulated by building codes. This is a power circuit that prevents deformation of the building box.

For the manufacture of a reinforced belt, the following building materials are used:

concrete mortar marked M400 and above. The formwork frame is filled with the mixture, inside of which the reinforcement grid is located. After the concrete hardens, a power circuit is formed along the perimeter of the bearing walls. The concrete mixture is made according to a standard recipe based on Portland cement, crushed stone and sand. It is important to perform concreting in one go with further compaction of the concrete mass using vibration equipment. It is important to prevent the formation of air cavities inside the monolith;
steel bars with a cross-sectional size of 0.8-1 cm. Corrugated reinforcement is cut into blanks of the required dimensions, which are connected with a knitting wire into a spatial frame. The design consists of four longitudinally arranged bars connected by transverse rods. The diameter of the transverse elements is 0.6 cm. The metal grating, which increases the load capacity of the concrete mass, has a square or rectangular cross section in the transverse plane.

Depending on the design of the formwork, various materials are used for its manufacture:

wood panels are used for collapsible formwork;
the stationary structure is made of polystyrene.

It is important to ensure the rigidity and tightness of the formwork structure.

The task of the armored belt is to help the building withstand deforming loads.

Height and thickness of armored belt

The dimensions of the reinforced belt are regulated by the project documentation:

the height of the power contour is equal to its thickness in the manufacture of a reinforced square section belt. For a rectangular structure, the height exceeds the width by 1.5-1.6 times;
the thickness of the armored belt usually corresponds to the width of the bearing walls of the building. The construction technology allows for a reduced thickness of the belt, at the level of 0.7-0.8 wall thickness.

The dimensions of the power circuit are determined at the stage of development of the building project.

When is it necessary to strengthen building structures with a reinforced belt?

The reinforced belt is a critical element of residential buildings, which is formed at different heights from the zero mark. Armopoyas is designed to solve the following tasks:

formation of an even base for the installation of interfloor panels;
smoothing various types of loads created by roof beams;
preventing cracking of load-bearing walls as a result of box deformation;
proportional distribution of loads acting on the end plane of the walls;
reducing the likelihood of wall deformation under the action of increased forces;
reducing the impact of loads caused by wind gusts;
ensuring the stability of buildings built in sloping terrain;
preservation of the integrity of the boxes of buildings built in seismically active areas;
increasing the margin of safety of building structures, which are affected by the reaction of frost heaving of the soil.

The absence of a reinforced belt erected at the upper level of the load-bearing walls reduces the stability of the building.

The armored belt is a concrete layer laid along the outer walls of a house under construction along the entire perimeter

It is necessary to build an armored belt in the following situations:

when used for the construction of walls of cellular blocks;
when building houses in seismically active zones;
when constructing buildings on problematic soils.

There are situations when you can do without a reinforced concrete belt - this is the use of bricks for the construction of main walls, as well as pouring the foundation below the freezing level of the soil. In other cases, a reinforced belt is an indispensable element of the building.

Armopoyas under prefabricated and monolithic reinforced concrete floors

There is no need to doubt whether an armored belt is needed for floor slabs. The armored belt, built under the floor panels, performs a number of serious tasks:

increases the load capacity of walls made of cellular blocks. After all, porous concrete is prone to deformation under increased load;
proportionally distributes the load from the interfloor ceiling and roof to the walls. Local forces can cause cracking;
protects the building frame from cracking. The belt smooths out temperature fluctuations and increases the durability of the structure.

Reinforced edging, made of reinforced concrete, connects the box of the building and floor slabs into a common power circuit.

Armopoyas under floor slabs has a closed view

Getting ready to make a reinforced belt for slabs - building materials and tools

When planning the independent production of an armo-belt intended for the installation of floor panels, prepare the necessary building materials:

plywood, planed boards or sheet polystyrene for formwork assembly;
Portland cement, gravel and fine sand for the manufacture of concrete mix;
steel reinforcement and knitting wire for assembling a power frame;
polyethylene film for sealing the formwork structure;
fasteners (self-tapping screws, screws, nails) for formwork assembly.

The amount of materials is determined on the basis of project documentation.

To perform the work, you will also need special equipment and tools:

concrete mixer, facilitating the preparation of a large volume of concrete mix;
grinder with a circle for metal, used for cutting steel reinforcement;
manual or semi-automatic device;
building level and plumb line required for measurements.

When using reinforcing bars with an increased diameter, a bending device will also be required.

In order for the layers of concrete to dry evenly, it is necessary to fill in the armored belt in one stage

Reinforced belt construction technology - main stages

The technological process of manufacturing an armored belt provides for the following sequence of actions:

Preparation of blanks for the assembly of the formwork frame.
Assembly of formwork from plywood sheets, wooden panels or polystyrene sheets.
Cutting reinforcing bars into blanks of appropriate dimensions.
The assembly of the power frame by connecting the rods with the help of annealed wire.
Mixing of components intended for the preparation of concrete mortar.
Continuous filling of the formwork structure with mortar.
Removal of air inclusions using a deep or surface vibrator.
Maintaining the humidity of the concrete mass by periodically moistening.
Dismantling the formwork after the concrete mortar has hardened.

Having carefully studied the technology of building an armored belt, it is easy to do all the operations with your own hands.

What formwork materials can be used?

Traditionally, for the manufacture of formwork, planed wood is used, from which a panel structure is made. The height of the wooden edging is usually 0.3 m, and the width corresponds to the thickness of the walls. Fastening boards is carried out with self-tapping screws. The side edging is fixed with threaded studs or strips. The horizontality of the upper plane of the formwork should be controlled using a level. It is important to securely fasten the boards and seal all cracks.

Planed wood is used for formwork

In addition to boards for the manufacture of formwork, the following materials are used:

waterproof plywood. Before pouring concrete, it is impregnated with used oil to facilitate dismantling;
extruded polystyrene. Polystyrene sheets are an integral element of the heat-insulated formwork.

The choice of material for the manufacture of the formwork structure is made individually, depending on the requirements of the project documentation.

Reinforcement installation

The sequence of actions for mounting the reinforcing cage:

Cutting metal rods.
Laying bars along the formwork on linings.
Wire tying the elements of the lower tier.
Installation of cross bars.
Fastening to vertical rods of upper level elements.

After assembling the reinforcement grid, install threaded studs or steel wire to fasten the floor elements.

How should concrete be poured?

The preparation and pouring of the concrete solution is carried out in the following sequence:

Prepare the concrete mixture in the required volume.
Make continuous concreting.
Compact the concrete with a rebar or vibrator.
Plan the surface of the concrete mass.
Lay plastic sheeting over the concrete.
Perform periodic dampening of the concrete surface.

After the concrete has gained operational hardness, disassemble the formwork. The thickness of the armored belt for floor slabs is provided by the dimensions of the formwork structure.

Conclusion

The armored belt under the floor panels is an indispensable element of the structure, which increases the strength properties of the structure. Properly selected thickness of the armored belt guarantees the necessary margin of safety. Armopoyas increases the service life of buildings and has a positive effect on their stability. You should follow technological recommendations, as well as use high-quality building materials. It is easy to cope with the work on your own, having carefully studied the technology.

Mauerlat, a kind of "intermediary" between the building and the roof, plays an invaluable role in the issue of reliability and structural strength. Therefore, the closest attention is paid to its design and device.

Professionals, as a rule, recommend the device of an armo-belt under the Mauerlat, thanks to which the latter does not budge. The armored belt under the maeurlat helps to increase the rigidity of the structure and allows it to be used as a reinforced support.

Purpose and functions

Such reinforcement is a rather important stage in the process of building a building. To begin with, we will analyze why the installation of a reinforced belt is needed.

The structure is affected by various forces:

vertical, created by the weight of the roof, as well as external influences such as snow, wind and others;
when the rafters are supported on the wall, a spacer force occurs, as a result of which the walls of the building tend to move apart. At the same time, the spacer load increases as the efforts on the roof increase.

For some modern building materials, a point load may well be destructive. Therefore, for them, in particular, expanded clay concrete walls, an armored belt under the Mauerlat is an absolute necessity. Thus, the question of whether an armored belt under a Mauerlat is needed on walls made of similar materials has a definite answer.

On a note

In those rare cases, if it is impossible to perform reinforcement, the fastening of the Mauerlat to the expanded clay blocks, the foam block without the armored belt is performed by means of chemical anchors.

Really,

As for brick walls, they have excellent mechanical strength. In this case, it is quite enough to use anchors or embedded elements for the device of a murlat. Nevertheless, in regions with seismic activity during the construction of houses, it is recommended to install an armored belt under a mauerlat made of bricks.

The reinforced belt in practice performs the following functions:

It does not allow deformation of the walls when the soil moves or in case of their uneven shrinkage, thereby maintaining the strict geometry of the structure.
Allows you to align the wall structure on a horizontal plane, correct errors during masonry.
Gives additional rigidity.
Evenly distribute any resulting load of load-bearing walls.
Due to its mechanical strength, it allows reliable fastening of all important structures, including the Mauerlat.

Dimensions and Specifications

To ensure the strength and reliability of the structure, it is necessary to correctly select the dimensions of the armored belt for the Mauerlat:

the height of the armored belt under the Mauerlat, as a rule, is 20 cm (minimum 15), but in any case not more than the width of the wall;
width - as close as possible to the width of the wall;
length - to the corresponding walls;
the minimum section is 250 by 250 mm.

In this case, it is necessary to achieve the continuity of the structure. It should also be taken into account that it should have the same strength as possible. The concrete belt is made monolithic. The armo-belt is poured under the Mauerlat at a time, and a reinforcing layer is inserted inside. Metal fittings are selected with a diameter of at least 10 mm, firmly fastened and bandaged together.

The size of the armored belt for expanded clay concrete blocks under the Mauerlat depends on the thickness of the blocks used. Let's carry out a small calculation for such structures. According to SNiP, the reinforcing belt is made already of the load-bearing wall by about a third of its thickness. Therefore, if we assume that the wall is 40 cm thick (one third of it is 133 mm), then the armored belt cannot be narrower than 300 mm (rounded value 267). Thus, with a wall of 400 mm, 300 will fall on the inside of the U-shaped block, which serves as a formwork, and on the outside of the blocks, 80 and 20 mm each.

If the wall is brick, then the outer formwork is built in half a brick, while the inner formwork is made of boards.

Technology for the construction of an armored belt

Mounting formwork

Formwork can be done in various ways, using:

wooden boards (slabs): they are attached to the wall using bars, and also fixed from above. When the formwork is dismantled, the upper ones are removed. As for the lower bars, they remain in a monolithic pour.
side stops;
threaded studs. They are installed in holes pre-drilled in the formwork. Tubes are cut in the following sizes:

the ratio of the diameters of the tube and the stud is as follows: the inner one of the first is slightly larger than the outer one of the second,
the valley and the width of the armored belt should be equal.

Next, the pin is placed inside the tube so that its ends come out through the pre-prepared holes. The whole structure is tightened with nuts, placing large washers. In monolithic concrete, only tubes should remain in the end. To do this, after filling the armored belt with concrete, they give it a preliminary harden. Next, it is necessary

unscrew the nuts
disassemble formwork,
knock out the studs;

U-block method. To ensure the solidity of the belt, they must be cut at the corners of the building;
on the outside of the wall, a row of 10-centimeter blocks is laid, and inside - several rows of bricks laid on the edge, or replace them with boards.

Attention!

It should be noted that the wall at the level of the armored belt requires insulation, especially in the case of board formwork, since concrete can freeze in winter.

The upper edge of the formwork is set strictly in a horizontal plane using a water level.

Reinforcing cage installation

Reinforcement mesh is:

working longitudinal rods Ø 10–12 in the amount of at least four pieces;
intermediate jumpers in the form of clamps made of reinforcement with a diameter of six to eight millimeters, placed in increments of 200–400 mm.

Attention!

The use of an excessively large step when placing the clamps is fraught with the displacement of the working rods during concreting, and this, in turn, will subsequently disrupt the correct operation of the armored belt.

knitting wire that holds them together. It should be noted that welding cannot be used for the connection, since, on the one hand, it weakens the reinforcement, and on the other hand, favorable conditions are created for corrosion in these places.

At the junction points and at the corners of the walls, the mesh is additionally reinforced to add rigidity to these areas. For these purposes, bent reinforcement is used and wound on each side by 300–400 mm.

How to pour an armored belt under the Mauerlat

The maximum strength of the structure is achieved by a one-time continuous pouring of concrete of a grade not less than M200. The volume of such work is usually significant, so it is better to pour ready-made concrete using a concrete pump directly into the formwork.

However, if this is not possible, concrete can be prepared by yourself. To ensure the appropriate filling characteristics, take:

cement M400 - 1 hour;
washed sand - 3 hours;
crushed stone - 3 hours

The formwork is removed in about four to five days, but the concrete reaches full maturity within a few weeks.

What should I pay attention to when pouring concrete?

Firstly, on the voids, which, one way or another, are formed during the pouring process. They are removed either by piercing the concrete mixture with reinforcement or by vibrating it in increments of about 1 m.
Secondly, on the importance of wetting concrete. Not everyone knows that due to this procedure, the strength of concrete increases. It is recommended to moisturize daily.

Mounting options for the Mauerlat to the armored belt: anchors, studs and others

The support beam must be processed before fastening to protect it from decay and ignition. To make the Mauerlat monolithic, it is spliced in a special way - either with a direct lock or with an oblique cut. As for how to attach the Mauerlat to the armored belt, the most common methods use the following scheme:

holes are drilled in the support bar itself;
Mauerlat is mounted on studs or anchors;
installation is carried out through a layer of roofing material;
fasteners are made by means of a large washer and nut;
after tightening, it is advisable to secure the connections with lock nuts;
the remains of protruding elements are cut off with a grinder.

how to attach a mauerlat to an armored belt

Installation of embedded studs

For example, for the subsequent fastening of the Mauerlat, the arm-belt is equipped with studs with a minimum diameter of 12 mm. They should protrude 30–40 mm higher than the height of the Mauerlat. The studs are set in 100 cm increments and attached to the clamps using a knitting wire.

Often the question arises whether a Mauerlat is needed if there is an armored belt, is it really impossible to mount the rafters directly on it. Formally, it is possible that the presence of a support beam in this case is not always mandatory. However, the list of required work is greatly increased, which greatly complicates the course of work. Undoubtedly, it is possible to perform work better and easier only by using the traditional method of constructing a roof, namely with a Mauerlat.

How the armored belt is poured under the Mauerlat in practice, more details on the video:

What is an armored belt?

What is it needed for?

What does it represent?

Methods for arranging an armored belt

Types of armored belt

Necessary materials and tools

Installation of armored belt on aerated concrete

Detailed walkthrough

Formwork construction

Fabrication and installation of reinforcing cage

Pouring metal frame with concrete

Modern prices

Dimensions / thickness of armored belt

Aerated concrete without armored belt

What to replace?

How to replace?

Conclusion

Materials, tools, sequence of work

Why do you need an armored belt in the house

Calculation of the reinforced belt

Armopoyas - the main stages of manufacturing

Rebar frame

formwork

pouring concrete

Video: armored belt in aerated concrete house

In what cases is an armored belt needed?

for walls

For Mauerlat

For foundation

Under what types of interfloor ceilings do you need an armored belt?

How to make an armored belt?

Reinforced belt under the foundation

Armoias of the second level (on the foundation)

Armopoyas for floor slabs

Reinforced belt under Mauerlat

Question: What is a reinforced reinforcing belt and its device

Armopoyas - what is it

What functions does the armored belt perform?

Is an armored belt always needed?

Armo-belt construction technology

Types of armored belt or location zone

Armopoyas of the first level (under the foundation)

Armopoyas of the second level (on the foundation)

Armopoyas for floor slabs

Armor belt under Mauerlat

Reinforced brick belt

Is it necessary to insulate the armored belt

What brand of concrete is needed for the armored belt

The cost of filling the armored belt

Trust in professionals

Why do you need an armored belt and a support frame

When is an armo-belt device necessary?

What is the device of a reinforced belt

How is the formwork for the armored belt

How to properly fill in the armored belt

The design of the armored belt

What is the armored belt made of?

Height and thickness of armored belt

When is it necessary to strengthen building structures with a reinforced belt?

Armopoyas under prefabricated and monolithic reinforced concrete floors

Getting ready to make a reinforced belt for slabs - building materials and tools

Reinforced belt construction technology - main stages

What formwork materials can be used?

Reinforcement installation

How should concrete be poured?

Conclusion

Purpose and functions

Dimensions and Specifications

Technology for the construction of an armored belt

Mounting formwork

Reinforcing cage installation

How to pour an armored belt under the Mauerlat

What should I pay attention to when pouring concrete?

Mounting options for the Mauerlat to the armored belt: anchors, studs and others

Installation of embedded studs

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